...Meninism: The Era of Male Supremacy Who runs the world? Men, Sorry Beyonce. We live in a male dominated society, what is male dominance? Male Dominance is a live topic causing differences of opinion and acrimonious arguments. The differences often revolve around whether dominance is part of man's inherent male nature or whether it comes from how they are nurtured. Men display male dominance through various ways, it could be as simple as a handshake, telling a woman what to do, or as complex or crazy as using abuse to show dominance. In a male dominated society men get favored in most aspects in life. Through education, law, or daily privileges. Why do we have an overabundance of more male pastors and so few female pastors? Why have we never...
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...on issues pertaining to access in India and aims to Secure a legal and policy environment to ensure access to medicines. Ensure transparency and accountability in public spending on drugs. Examine the impact of industry practices on access. Focus of the Presentation Bring to light anti-competitive practices prevalent in the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare sector. Indicate the approach proposed to be taken for executing the study and analyzing the data collected in pursuance thereof. Broad Scheme of Presentation Indian Pharmaceutical Industry a Snapshot Access to Medicines Situation in India Objectives of the Study Anti-competitive Practices Competition Act 2002 Regulation of Combinations Anti-competitive Agreements Abuse of Dominance Proposed Chapterisation Proposed Methodology 1. 2. 3. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry a Snapshot Net Worth 8 Billion Dollars Growth Rate of 8-9% PA. 4th in the World in terms of Volume of Drug Output Exports to nearly 212 countries @ USD 4795.33 million (2005-06) Has an important role to play in promoting public health and Right to Health. Highly technology and knowledge intensive. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry a Snapshot Industry growth highly dependent on the regulatory environment . Owes its current growth and success to the Patents Act of 1970 which abolished product patents in the pharmaceutical sector. The same helped Reduce the manufacturing costs in terms of license fee Reduce the costs involved in R&D Diffusion...
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...Firstly, the oppression in both of these articles contains the social and economic dominance over many particular victims. The oppression lies in the ability to control the decision-making of many victims by the oppressors. For example, Michael Kaplan (2009) states a group of the victims’ unkind decision-making can reflect the amount of jail time requested by the judge due to the confession and/or silence. (Kaplan, M., 2009, para.1). This example shows the hostility of the victims’ jail time and for them trying to maintain the carefulness of one victim’s decision- making can lead the other victim in trouble and vice versa. The oppression also contains the oppressor’s ability get one or more things from many victims. For example, in the Prisoners’ ...
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...RESEARCH PAPER PREPARED UNDER THE INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME OF COMPETITION COMMISION OF INDIA Topic:- Competition in Life Insurance Sector of India Submitted by:Shilpa Thakur Amity Law School, Noida INDEX 1. Acknowledgement 2. Abstract 3. Introduction 1. An introduction 2. List of Life Insurers 3. Evolution of Life Insurance in India 4. Malhotra committee’s recommendation 5. Opportunities 4. Entry barrier 5. Market Structure 6. The Provisions of the Competition Act,2002 7. Dominant Position in relevant Market 8. Dominance in market: LIC 1. Sovereign Guarantee 2. Distribution network 3. Other factors 9. Abuse of Dominance by LIC in light of the Act 10.Possibility of Abuse of Dominance 11.Conclusion and suggestion ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I sincerely thank all the officials responsible for providing this valuable internship at Competition Commission of India (CCI). I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to Mr. P.K. Purwar, Advisor (Economics) for his timely suggestions throughout my study. I am highly thankful to Dr. Anil Kumar Sharma, Assistant Director (Economics), CCI for having made my stay pleasant all along the internship. I also thank Ms. Sayanti Chakrabarti and the entire staff of CCI for providing me continuous support and encouragement throughout the internship. ABSTRACT My research is aimed at understanding the life insurance sector in India and flagging issues relating to competition in this sector. The life insurance sector has a small market...
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...EXPANDING THE FRONTIERS OF ABUSE OF DOMINANCE THE ASTRAZENECA CASE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTH AFRICA Neil Mackenzie and Stephen Langbridge1 On 6 December 2012 the European Court of Justice decided the case of AstraZeneca v Commission2. The ECJ upheld the European Commission’s finding of a novel abuse of dominance - by strategic misuse of regulatory procedures, AstraZeneca impeded the entry by marketers of generic pharmaceutical products into various European markets. The company was found to have made misleading representations to patent regulatory agencies in order to procure unwarranted extensions to existing patents, and to have strategically withdrawn the market authorisations ordinarily relied upon by generic producers to sell their products. What is novel about this? Abuse of dominance laws are typically applied to what might be described as conduct in the market. What we mean by this is the manner in which the dominant firm provides its goods or services to the market, and engages with its suppliers, customers and competitors. The AstraZeneca case applies abuse of dominance law to ‘non-market’ conduct in this case conduct in the course of engaging with regulatory authorities. This previously unchartered species of anti-competitive behaviour could be described as a ‘regulatory abuse’. This case appears, therefore, to have expanded the frontiers of European abuse of dominance law. Its implications may well be profound for the enforcement activities of competition authorities...
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...helpful suggestions regarding the project. I also thank all the officers in the Commission who provided knowledge of the working of the Commission during the rotation exercise. The library staff also provided help whenever it was required. Page 2 A REVIEW OF THE COMPETITION ISSUES IN THE REAL ESTATE SECTOR: AN ANALYSIS OF THE POSITION POST DLF CASE TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………5 OVERVIEW OF THE REAL ESTATE SECTOR IN INDIA…………………………..….6 Regulation of the Sector………………………………………………………..……7 The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2011………………………....7 ABUSE OF DOMINANCE IN THE REAL ESTATE SECTOR……………………..……9 Relevant Market…………………………………………………………………..…9 Assessment of dominance………………………………………………………..….9 Abuse of dominance…………………………………………………………….….11 BELAIRE OWNERS’ ASSOCIATION V. DLF LTD. & HUDA…………………..…….15 Other orders relating to DLF’s abuse of dominance……………………….………19 Implications of the order…………………………………………………..……….20 Consumers’ dilemma post DLF order……………………………………...………21 . CARTELLIZATION IN REAL ESTATE…………………………………………....……24 Standard form contracts and Competition Law…………………………...….…….25 APPLICABILITY OF...
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...Patriarchy’s Effect on Battered Women’s Syndrome and Abuse Introduction Domestic violence has existed for centuries and is still prevalent in present day society (Flowers, 1996: 131). Domestic violence generally involves violence towards women and children (Sev’er, 2007: 235).This generally includes physical, sexual, verbal, and emotional violence directed towards a spouse, girlfriend, wife, or partner (DeKeseredy, 2005: 234). One of the debates surrounding domestic violence is the legitimacy of battered women’s syndrome. There are arguments over whether or not battered woman’s syndrome is a justifiable defence or just an excuse (Fumento, 1996: 158). The aim of this paper is to justify the legitimacy of Battered Women’s Syndrome, or BWS for short. I will look at the history of violence to better understand the credibility of BWS as well as why it is discredited. I will analyze how the patriarchal capitalist society we live in affects the views regarding BWS and abuse. The purpose of this section is to understand how the patriarchal capitalist society attempts to protect male status by discrediting the validity of spousal abuse and BWS. Definition and History Battered women’s syndrome results from a pattern of abuse from a partner (Barnett & LaViolette, 1996: 158). Spousal abuse has had a long history, and has grown since the middle ages (Flowers, 1996: 131). Social scientist Friedrich Engels noted that spousal abuse began “with the emergence of the first monogamous pairing...
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...Anti-monopoly Analysis of Tencent QQ vs. 360 Dispute Weiwei Hu and Yimeei Guo School of Law., Xiamen University; 361005, China helusi420hw@163.com, ymguo@xmu.edu.cn Abstract. Anti-monopoly concerns are becoming more and more frequent for Internet industries competiting all over the world. This paper makes a case analysis of Tencent QQ vs. 360 dispute, then has some further thought from such dispute.Finally, it is hoped by this paper that China’s Anti-monopoly Law be healthily and perfectly enforced in the future. Keywords: Anti-monopoly, Internet industries, Case analysis. 1 Introduction Anti-monopoly concerns are becoming more and more frequent for Internet industries competiting all over the world.For example, in February 2011,Apple launched a new service that allows for magazine and newspaper subscriptions for its popular devices, might draw claim from publishers that Apple dominates the market for consumer tablet computers and that it has allegedly used that commanding position to restrict competition.[1] Also in February 2011,Hudong.com, an online encyclopedia, is alleging that Baidu unfairly blocks its Web pages from search results in favor of its own encyclopedia service, Baidu Baike.[2] On April 1,2011, Microsoft plans to file a complaint with the European Commission demanding action against competitor Google on competition law grounds. Microsoft claims that Google stops other companies from accessing the information needed to run effective search operations.[3]...
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...about power; the struggle to gain, maintain or redress the balance of power. The need for power is a reality of life; to use or abuse, to claim or deny, own or disown, to marginalize or empower. This theme is omnipresent throughout literature about the Holocaust. Hitler and his struggle for power and dominance are infamous. Novels and films set in World War II often examine the issues of power in terms of race, age, gender and social class. One such novel is The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne. An Irish novelist, Boyne is acutely aware of the issues of power and dominance as he grew up during the time of The Troubles between the Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. Boyne uses the narrative conventions of style and characterisation in his poignant and moving novel to explore and expose the power relationships of race, gender, age, social status and politics in the novel. Body Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence: • Style - Point of view eg. Boyne uses third person limited point of view to expose the power relationships of in the novel. Point of view Expansion: • As we see the world through the eyes of innocence and we as readers are positioned through the use of the limited point of view to examine the world of Nazi Germany during WWII so that step by step, alongside Bruno we come to the realisation of the extent of the abuse of power that took place. Boyne uses third rather than first person point of view so that we know more than the character...
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...the 1950s, if viewed enough by young boys, could have led to the subordination and violence against women, even in the home. While hyper-masculinity correlates with violent behaviors, there is also support for the same. correlative between these rigid gender roles and violence against women, specifically. Stephanie Coontz describes the households of the 1950s in her book titled The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap. She describes the rates of unhappy marriages that would likely have led to divorce, had that option been acceptable and accessible at the time, and she presents us with shocking information about abuse in 1950s households. Coontz theorizes that the pressure for perfection in the postwar home was too much pressure for each family member to handle and that this time period brought about sexual abuse, incest, alcoholism, and wife...
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...monopolised by a single person or political entity, and exercised through various mechanism to ensure the entity’s power remains strong. Dictatorship is a type of authoritarianism, in which which politicians regulate nearly the behaviour of normal people. Dictatorships and totalitarianism generally employ political propaganda to decrease the influence of proponents of alternative governing systems as is the nature of nationalism of any governing systems. An “elective dictatorship” (also called executive dominance in political science) is a phrase popularised by the former Lord Chancellor of the United kingdom, Lord Hailsham, in a Richard Dimble by Lecture at the BBC in 1976. Elective dictatorship refers to the fusion of powers of the executive and the legislative; where the legislative is drawn from the executive therefore resulting in the dominance of the executive over the legislative. The executives majority in the House of commons reinforces the executive dominance. Elective dictatorship occurs in conjunction with this situation and that of the governing party, the executive. The party in power will by definition have more seats i.e more voting power than all the opposition parties. This means that any legislative or motion proposed by the governing party could be passed unless government MP’s dissents because only a simple majority is required. Due to the strength of the whip system to prevent MPs of the governing party voting against it, in practice government bills...
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...The History of Domestic Violence Antoinette Perkins SOC 490 Dr. Stephen Ulrich November 11, 2012 Although, there are many social science problem or topics issues that take place on a regular basis throughout the world in our everyday society, I have chosen to discuss factors impacting domestic violence where women are mainly the victims. Even though there are many social problems in the world that we deal with, domestic violence should be taken more seriously especially with the consequences that could follow it. Although there are many different types of domestic violence that women suffer from, women should always take certain precautions and necessary action for a healthy and safe environment for themselves. With protecting themselves by receiving the proper help and it will help them to love themselves, feel safe, and help them to make better choices concerning their lives. There are a number of incidents that takes place each year on a daily basis referring to domestic violence including; women who are in college, different ethnics, different sizes, and so much more, which really means there is no particular woman that is chosen to become a victim. With domestic violence it is never a good situation for anyone to be in because of the outcome can be very serious and deadly for the victim. Even though there are many social problems in the world that we deal with, domestic violence should be taken more seriously especially...
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...Stockholm University Department of law Master Programme in European Law Written assignment(BL4) Supervisor: Björn Lundqvist Author: Stockholm 2012 Introduction: Identifying the circumstances which would bring the mentioned agreement in the given case under the prohibition of Article 101 or 102 requires providing some relevant definitions of basic concepts in the competition law area and explanation of the potential legal relationship between parties in this agreement. First of all, the held agreement between the parties is a typical example of the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and competition law. In fact, the agreement is a technology transfer one since it is about putting and licensing patents in a technological product (5Gmobile telephone platform). The process of setting up different patents together in order to produce one technological product is defined as a technology pooling. Second, there are some circumstances where patents pool can be caught in violation of EU Competition Law. In addition, there are some anticompetitive and precompetitive effects of such process as it will be explained. Relationship between intellectual property rights and competition law In this case the agreement is related to patents rights which is one of the main types of the intellectual property rights. In fact, understanding the circumstances in which an agreement as in this given case could be in violation with the European Competition...
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...GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT Causes of Gender Based Violence in Kenya Author Note This research is being submitted on Friday, April 17, 2015 for HCOB 2508 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT course. CAUSES OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN KENYA The causes of gender-based violence are many and varied depending on the types of violence. Traditional attitudes towards women around the world help perpetuate the violence. Stereotypical roles in which women are seen as subordinate to men constrain a woman’s ability to exercise choices that would enable her end the abuse. Culture has been cited as the leading cause of violence against women. Some men it seems still subscribe to outdated traditions for example battering a woman is seen as a way of discipline and is acceptable. Some of the examples of cultural based violence include: • Child Marriage – the early marriage of girls is an accepted part of many economic and social systems. Child marriage has been described as ‘the socially legitimized institutionalization of marital rape or in other words the rape of young girls. It is the practice of marrying very young girls to older men. An example is in the Maasai community which allows older men to marry young girls. Young girls are considered as trophies or source of richness to their families. • Female genital mutilation - is a traditional practice that involves cutting or altering the female genitalia as a rite of passage or for other socio-cultural reasons. This is commonly...
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...The color purple is a story about resilience and victory in life. This story line moved me and lifted me up, it is a great, warm, battling, unforgiving and triumphant movie. It reflected on how male dominance in a society or marriage could impact a woman’s life. This movie shows the struggles women faces and how bond in friendship can help in gaining power to overcome oppression. The movie showed the life of a young black, oppressed and naive girl Celie, who grow up in the early 1900's. By age fourteen she has been pregnant by her father twice. Both of children were both taken away from, after having the second baby her father took the baby away from her arm and warned her not to tell anybody. Since she lost her mother the only person closer to her is her younger sister Nettie. Their close relationship is torn when Celie she was forced to marry a local farmer, "Mister" (Albert Johnson) a widower with four...
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