...which narrow political considerations are set aside and a concerted effort is made to strengthen the key institutions that form the essential core of economic governance. As the capacity of these institutions takes several decades the temptation by incoming governments to abandon or neglect institutions or policies, projects and programs inherited from the previous regime should be seriously curbed. The tendency of starting with a clean slate every time a new government ushers in power without achieving tangible results is painful and also politically costly. It is better to build and consolidate on the previous programs and policies, fine tune and modify them according to the changed circumstances and experiences. The gains become visible during the incumbency period of the incoming government that can then claim credit for the realization of those achievements. The author is former Chairman, National Commission for Government Reforms and is currently Director Institute of Business Administration – Karachi 2 ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE IN PAKISTAN ISHRAT HUSAIN The questions that are commonly raised today are: Were the economic achievements of the period 2000 – 2007 ephemeral in nature? Was there fudging of data and facts to depict a rosy picture? Why has the economy that was supposed to be so robust fallen so sick all of a sudden? The single common answer to all these questions lies in the quality of economic governance and decision making and the...
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...Let Us Not hopeless About Pakistan By saria sajjad Pakistan has remained in the throe of a perennial multi-faceted crisis. But let us not despair about its destiny and a glorious future ahead. Pakistan a nascent state has remained caught in myriad problems ever since it came into being on August 14, 1947. These problems are both internal and external. A new nation under an inept and self-seeking leadership remained lost and distracted from its course of moving forward to progress, prosperity, and stability. Pakistan’s dilemma is that its leadership that created and struggled for Pakistan did not live long enough to set the parameters that could have transformed it into a vibrant and viable state. In the modern times, Pakistan and India’s emergence as two independence states is a unique phenomenon that has few parallels in the history. Both the sub-continental states were the result of a sustained movement for independence kept in high gear by Muslim and Hindu leaders. For a variety of undeniable factors and divergent dynamics, these two communities could not opt to live together in one united state. Immediately after partition of the British India; Pakistan was beset with refugees’ problem and the settlement of the incoming immigrants from the territories that became part of India. This country fell into the hands of the nasty bureaucrats who were averse to making a constitution and embarking Pakistan upon a democratic course. The intriguing politicians, whose predominant...
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...His Legacy BY LIAQUAT AHAMED Timothy Geithner took over as Treasury Secretary in the middle of the greatest financial crisis since the Great Depression. In four years, he helped design the largest government stimulus package in history, and contended with a weak recovery, millions of Americans losing their homes, obstinately high unemployment and complicated budget negotiations. To his fans, he is the figure most responsible for stabilizing the banking system and preventing a catastrophic economic collapse. To his critics, he was excessively generous to bankers and failed to change a system where some banks remained “too big to fail.” In a wide-ranging interview during his last days at Treasury, he kept returning to what has become one of his signature themes—the importance of putting “policy ahead of politics.” All too often, in his view, the best economic policies have enormous up-front political costs. We began by talking about the financial crisis of 2008. MARCH 8, 2013 NATE COHN OTHER STORIES FROM LA: Your predecessor Hank Paulson in his book describes how at the height of the crisis he would have sleepless nights, worrying that a giant financial collapse was going to occur on his watch and that he would go down in history as the Herbert Hoover of the current era. Your colleagues all say you are remarkably calm, even in the middle of a crisis. TG: Well I was very worried throughout that period of time. Starting in August of ’07 I Could North Korea Nuke Washington...
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...Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Under the watchful eye of the Securities Exchange Commission the Sarbanes-Oxley act strives to protect the investing public from fraudulent and erroneous accounting practices, in addition to improving the accuracy of public financial statements. The act has transformed the world of accounting by: creating the PCAOB (Title I), increasing an auditor’s independence (Title II), increasing the responsibility/liability of a company’s senior management (Title III), enhanced financial statement disclosure requirements (Title IV), eliminating analyst conflicts of interest (Section V), increasing corporate and criminal fraud accountability (Section VIII), enhancing white–collar crime penalties (Title IX), increasing the responsibility/liability for corporate tax returns (Title X), and increasing the responsibility for corporate fraud and accountability (Title XI). There are several more provisions that comprise the act, but those mentioned are the “heavy hitters” of SOX. The PCAOB’s purpose for existence is to increase investor confidence. It is classified as a “non-profit” organization charged with inspecting the audits of public companies and “broker-dealers”, as well as any reports that fall under the jurisdiction of securities laws. The PCAOB aims to increase said confidence and trust by...
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...3/14/2014 www.eguaglianzaeliberta.it/stampaArticolo.asp?id=306 Stampa Dal Mondo Globalism's Discontents Ittzoifnnireitrainl,noerchzeenoepvrài u sgi siuin iazai nenzoai uv icez uv oet n n ago dlNbl e oe Pubblichiamo l'articolo, comparso su "American Prospect" all'inizio del 2002 di Joseph E. Stiglitz, premio Nobel per l'economia e profondo conoscitore dei meccanismi economico-finanziari internazionali, dal titolo "Globalism's Discontents". Questo articolo è la base del libro di Stiglitz pubblicato in ottobre in italiano dall'editore Einaudi col titolo "La globalizzazione e i suoi oppositori". Few subjects have polarized people throughout the world as much as globalization. Some see it as the way of the future, bringing unprecedented prosperity to everyone, everywhere. Others, symbolized by the Seattle protestors of December 1999, fault globalization as the source of untold problems, from the destruction of native cultures to increasing poverty and immiseration. In this article, I want to sort out the different meanings of globalization. In many countries, globalization has brought huge benefits to a few with few benefits to the many. But in the case of a few countries, it has brought enormous benefit to the many. Why have there been these huge differences in experiences? The answer is that globalization has meant different things in different places. The countries that have managed globalization on their own, such as those in East Asia, have, by and large, ensured that...
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...Public Relations Name: Institution: 1. Mix of media used to implement public relations campaign There are three main mixes of media that were used in the implementation of the public relations campaign. One of these is the use of television. Today, almost all homes in the country own a television set. It is therefore a very effective method of implementing a public relations campaign. The public relations campaign on television needed especially to be done during prime time (Zhang, 2013, p. 1323). During this period, there are numerous people who are watching television. It is therefore very easy for the organization to reach numerous people. This also helped to show the seriousness that the foundation was putting on the issue at hand. The second media mix that the foundation considered using is the use of print media. The organization needed to examine the most popular print media in the nation. It then put the respective public relations campaign in a bid to convey the issue at hand. In using the print media, there are several objectives that the organization hoped to achieve. First, bearing in mind that one is in possession of a newspaper for a period of time, he will be able to examine the news release in details and gain an understanding on all the matters at hand. In addition, this media gives the recipient a chance to issue a comprehensive reply (Kahle, 2001, p. 34). The final media mix is the social media. In the recent past, the social media has gained...
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...1 Violence Free Elections: Perspectives on the Peace Initiatives on the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria Warisu O. Alli Institute of Peace and Conflict Resolution Plot 496 Abogo Largema Street, CBD, Abuja Email: alliwo@yahoo.co.uk; Mobile: 08035991377 ABSTRACT Elections are essential in a democracy and are fundamental features of representative democracy.. When free, fair and transparent, they confer credibility and legitimacy on the outcome. However, Nigeria's electoral history has always been marred by various levels of violence with grave implications for the polity. Since return of democratic rule in 1999, Nigeria, has conducted elections in 2003, 2007, 2011 but with an ever increasing rise in electoral violence. The April 2011 elections, which benefitted from the electoral reform efforts of President Yar ‗Adua, and was considered the most credible since the return to democracy also turned out to be the most violent as the country witnessed an orgy of bloodshed after the elections. The 2015 elections were to be held against the background of a prediction about the disintegration of Nigeria against the background of several socio-economic, political and security challenges, including insurgency in the nation‘s North East. The emergence of the All Progressives Congress (APC) as a formidable opposition to the ruling People Democratic Party (PDP) fifteen year rule also added more tension to the charged atmosphere of the elections. The Peace Initiatives which started immediately...
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...Anthropological and Accounting Knowledge in Islamic Banking and Finance: Rethinking Critical Accounts Author(s): Bill Maurer Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Dec., 2002), pp. 645667 Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3134937 . Accessed: 27/02/2012 02:27 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. http://www.jstor.org ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ACCOUNTING KNOWLEDGE IN ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE: RETHINKING CRITICAL ACCOUNTS BILL MAURER Universityof Californiaat Irvine Accounting for accounting demands renewed attention to the knowledge practices of the accounting profession and anthropological analysis. Using data and theory from Islamic accountancy in Indonesia and the global network...
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...CASE STUDY SUBJECT: PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT GROUP MEMBERS DETAIL AND THEIR PART: * FAHAD ISLAM (27372) Question # 1 * ANEELA MUMTAZ (28799) Question # 2 * MUHAMMAD MADNI () Question # 3 * AMIR JAMIL (28801) Question # 4 Submit to: WaqasRana BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF SEMCO GROUP OF SAO PAULO: Semco was founded in 1953 in Sao Paolo (Brazil) by Antonio Curt Semler, an Austrian-born engineer. It was rigidly hierarchical company with rules and policies for everything. The company made several products, but was mostly known for its marine pumps. 90% of the sales were to the Brasilian shipbuilding industry. Antonio’s son Ricardo joined the company when he was 19 and clashed with his father’s traditional autocratic style of management. The younger Semler thought the company got too much business from one industry, was too rigid, and needed better financial practices. His father refused to allow changes. Ricardo threatened to leave the company. Then Antonio Semler resigned as CEO and vested majority ownership in his 21-year-old son in 1980. One of Ricardo’s first official acts was to fire 60% of the executives, many of whom were his father's friends, and all the secretaries. New CEO began implementing a diversification strategy and changing the way business was done. A fainting spell when he was 25 made him think about a better work-life balance for himself and his employees. Semco’s workers proposed to take a pay cut, but with three conditions: the profit-sharing...
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...“THE CHALLENGES OF LEADERSHIP IN POST- CONFLICT AFRICA: THE CASE OF LIBERIA.” BY HER EXCELLENCY ELLEN JOHNSON SIRLEAF PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA AT THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES, LONDON, MAY 31, 2006 Mr. Chairman Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen: Let me begin by thanking the distinguished Governing Board, the membership and the staff of your Institute for this invitation to dialogue with you and, by so doing, join the array of other world leaders who have addressed this body. I will also use this opportunity to express thanks and appreciation to the British public for keeping faith with us as a people by way of the immutable public broadcasting body, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which over the past several years played no small role in bringing the plight of our people and country to the attention of a global audience. Today, I invite you and the rest of the good people of this great country to join us in savoring the dawn of a new dispensation in my country – one that embodies the hopes and aspirations of the majority of Liberians. I am confident that my Government can also count on the support of the Government and people of this country to see us through our journey toward achieving national renewal after decades of conflict. Academic studies on the evolution of leadership in Africa take note of the fact that the liberation leaders of the continent were nationalistic, selfless and visionary—leaders who put...
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...Implementing a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard „Dashboard‟ Approach to Assess Organisational Legitimacy. Kevin Huang, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wale Matthew Pepper, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wale Graham Bowrey, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales gbowrey@uow.edu.au Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify and determine the contributing factors which influence the contents of a firm‟s sustainability reporting through combined social and environmental accounting and management perspectives. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyzes the disclosed sustainability indicators of a major Australian financial institution, Westpac, through the application of the research method content analysis. The theoretical framework will be shaped by the consideration of legitimacy theory and the Balanced Scorecard approach. Findings: The results indicate that the four perspectives of a traditional Balanced Scorecard are related to the main sources of influential inputs to Westpac‟s sustainability reporting – existing frameworks, stakeholder engagement mechanism, employee involvement and traditional shareholders‟ financial information needs. It also reinforced the argument that the focus of organisational legitimacy is a key resource of organisation survival. Originality/value: This research contributes to the literature on social and environmental disclosures including the research of Do, Tilt and Tilling...
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...A Three-fold Theory of Social Change and Implications for Practice, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation By Doug Reeler, of the Community Development Resource Association, 2007 “I would not give a fig for the simplicity on this side of complexity. But I would give my life for the simplicity on the other side.” Oliver Wendell Holmes “Whosoever wishes to know about the world must learn about it in its particular details Knowledge is not intelligence. In searching for the truth be ready for the unexpected. Change alone is unchanging. The same road goes both up and down. The beginning of a circle is also its end. Not I, but the world says it: all is one. And yet everything comes in season.” Heraklietos of Ephesos, 500 B.C “My eyes already touch the sunny hill, going far ahead of the road I have begun. So we are grasped by what we cannot grasp; it has its inner light, even from a distance. and changes us, even if we do not reach it, into something else, which, hardly sensing it, we already are; a gesture waves us on, answering our own wave... but what we feel is the wind in our faces.” Rainer Maria Rilke Contents 1. Who Needs Theories of Change? ............................................................................... 2 1.1 The Need ...........................................................................................................................2 1.2 Theories in Context ....................................................................................
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...Discuss the role of leaders and leadership in serving as effective change agents. Abstract Change has an important place in the study of organizational life. Whether a corporate giant or a small start-up, every organization today faces the challenge to change and adapt, either as a response to the external environment or simply a deliberate internal procedure to re-look at business operations to maintain its viability. Generally, people are usually inclined to defend the status-quo and resist change for a multitude of reasons ranging from a straightforward intellectual disagreement to deep-seated psychological factors. The degree of skepticism and resistance to change from employees make implementation difficult and their counter-productive behaviors tend to jeopardise the success of the change process and thus the intended objectives. Successfully reducing resistance and motivating employees through the transition is vital in organizational change efforts. Salient factors from literature reviews in enabling organizational change are presented and the need of leadership and role of leaders as effective change agents is discussed in this essay. Successful organisational change is about the interplay of all organizational elements such as human resources, systems and technologies. Good leaders and leadership skills have been identified as pivotal to garnering support of people in championing change initiatives that steer organisations...
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...intervention in Northern Uganda obstructs peace seems obvious. It is expressed in its simplicity by Father Carlos Rodriguez: “nobody can convince a rebel leader to come to the negotiating table and at the same time tell him that when the war ends he will be brought to trial.”3 This paper examines the criticism that the ICC obstructs peace in Northern Uganda. It aims to go beyond the simplistic framework of peace vs. justice, which suggests that the pursuit of peace requires abandoning aspirations of justice and that the ICC should immediately withdraw the indictments against the LRA leaders. It also challenges the contrary, but equally simplistic view, according to which a peace settlement must imperatively include strong mechanisms of accountability, therefore suggesting that the ICC should maintain the indictments at...
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...[pic] McDonald's and the Environmental Defense Fund: a case study of a green alliance Sharon Livesey Originally published in…The Journal of Business Communication • January 1999 In 1987, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, which had convened to address the global ecological crisis, produced Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report). This watershed event established the conceptual underpinnings for environmental politics and debate in the 1990s by reframing the problem of the natural environment as one of sustainable development. In the wake of this reframing, a new practice in environmental management emerged - that of green alliances or partnerships between business and ecology groups (Westley & Vredenburg, 1991, pp. 71-72). These alliances, considered one of the ten most significant trends in environmental management and the greening of industry (Gladwin, 1993, p. 46), appeared to signal a sea change in the way business, as well as environmentalists, could respond to the ecological impacts of firms' economic activities. Indeed, environmental partnerships offered both business and ecology groups the potential for a new rhetorical stance. Business communication scholarship has identified a variety of rhetorical strategies adopted by corporations in the face of environmental controversy: defensiveness and apologia (e.g., Ice, 1991; Tyler, 1992), competing information campaigns (e.g., Lange, 1993; Moore, 1993), or retreat (e.g., Seiter...
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