...negotiator's obligation to oneself, the government, and to the public trust. Adequate preparation enables the negotiator to negotiate with strength to take and hold the initiative throughout the negotiation conference and to meet any challenge with confidence. It is emphasized that lack of preparation for negotiations places the government in a position of distinct disadvantage. The discussion contained in this chapter is based on the assumption that negotiation after receipt of proposals is considered necessary. That is, for any situation where adequate price completion has not been assured via competitive bids, technical requirements, or proposals taken with the view of an award based upon the lowest reasonable price. VII. Negotiation Exchange with offerors after establishment of the competitive range. Negotiation are exchanges, in either a competitive or sole source environment, between the Government and offerors, that are undertaken with the intent of allowing the offeror to revise its proposal. These negotiations may include bargaining, and bargaining includes persuasion, alteration of assumptions and positions, give-and-take, and may apply to price, schedule, technical requirements, type of contract, or other terms of a proposed contract. When negotiations are conducted in a competitive acquisition, they take place after...
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...ASSIGNMENT TASK1 Introduction The board meeting conducted by the board of directors of Juices Ltd in December 2010 revealed a new proposal for Juices Ltd to acquire the juice container manufacturing business owner by Fruit juice containers Pty Ltd, $48 million being the settlement price. The proposal was duly considered important as Juices Ltd operated an apple and pear juice producing business and owned ore hands around Australia and the juice container manufacturing business can provide Juice Ltd’s juice containers to the customer who already falls under Juice Ltd’s target market. In order to broaden the domain of its business the proposal was put forward by Chen who is a non executive director of the company though all the board members were suppose to be present in the board meeting else one of the non executive director could non- attend the meeting as on the same day and time she met with an accident and broke her arms and unable to receive treatment from the emergency department of the local hospital. The company managing director Uma was authorized the chairman Jack to acquisition within 10 minutes. Though the company’s chief financial officers Isaacs financial report was presented on the impact of the acquisition but unfortunately he was forbidden to participate in the board meeting and gain or deliver any views in regards to the business proposals. Though it was decided in the meeting to approve the acquisition and signing up of the contract by Uma to look took over the...
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...efficiency, earnings fell from 250 to 180 pence per share in 2007. Corporate raider Sir David Benjamin created an urgency to improve performance and a proposal was made. However, Frank Greystocks’ DCF analysis and project proposal is under scrutiny due to concerns that some of the assumptions made are not accurate misrepresenting an accurate NPV and IRR. This analysis will address these wrong assumptions with the proper inputs in our own DCF model and prove that the proposal is not as appealing as the original, yet still a worthy investment. Introduction In the original analysis we identified several issues that needed to be addressed. These issues are: discount rate does not account for inflation, output level needs to be more conservative, improper allocation of engineering cost, the use of double declining depreciation method, the accelerated cost for new rolling stock was not included, and the cannibalization of sales. We will address these issues starting with the adjustment of the discount rate and output level. Inflation/Output Levels and Sunk Cost The initial proposal used a nominal discount rate of 10% instead of the real rate of 7% when the 3% inflation is factored into the required rate of return. In our assumptions, we changed the rate to include inflation resulting in a new discount rate of 7%. The initial proposal estimated that this project would increase production by 7%. However, this assumes that we would be operating the plant at full capacity and will...
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...reforming prison sentencing guidelines. In essence, both Upton Sinclair and Barack Obama advocate for economic change in order to improve the lives of everyday U.S citizens by employing ethos, pathos, and logos. Within the text, The Jungle Upton Sinclair exposes the improper and dishonorable operations of the Chicago meatpacking industry in order to plead for Americans to help reform the meatpacking industry for safe and conventual human consumption. Upton Sinclair's proclamation is most-effectively conveyed throughout his utilization of Logos considering his masterful presentation of facts in order to illustrate to his audience the need for economic amendments to better the health of themselves, the U.S citizens. For example, Sinclair states "...there would come all the way back Europe that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white-it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers and made again for home consumption." Concisely, Upton Sinclair utilizes an anaphora of the word "and" while presenting facts in order to emphasize the health violations of the meatpacking industry to his audience with regard to their moral obligation to push for the amendment of the meatpacking industry's improper practices. Moreover, Sinclair elaborates on his statement when he notes that "...there would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it." Thereafter, in Obama's "Mass Incarceration...
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...Federal Aviation Administration, This has great implications to my current job. The company that I work for is currently under contract to develop the ground stations of ADS-B infrastructure to be put in place. This proposal requires that all aircraft that fly within the National Airspace System (NAS), to have onboard at minimum an ADS-B transmitter by 2020. These changes will allow the ATC better control over congested airspace and allows for more favorable environmental conditions by reducing flight time and air traffic delays by providing better route information to pilots and ATC for the NEXTGEN aerospace upgrades and enhancements for safety in the NAS. ADS-B with its GPS capabilities can give us an accuracy of a few hundred feet of an aircraft’s location. It utilizes GPS satellite signals to provide both the pilots and air traffic controllers with more precise information to enable a more efficient and safer use of the skies (FAA, 2008). What security level will exist within the ADS-B structure that would restrict critical flight information from falling into the hands of terrorist? Deadline expired on March 3, 2008. Once I have made my comment on the rules during their proposal stage I can challenge the validity of the rules in court. An administrative rule can be challenged on several different grounds (Jennings, 2008). 1. Arbitrary/Capricious - the rules are not arbitrary and demonstrate necessity based on public safety. 2. Insufficient Evidence – which the...
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...Migrating Legacy Applications to the Modern World? What you need to know. photo credit: Nanagyei photopin via cc Every machine evolves over time and gets to a point where it needs to be replaced or enhanced to fit new and changing needs. There are very less things that are sustainable to change. Software Applications are no different. As time progresses, as new technology arrives, new ways of doing things become the “norm”, things that were developed years ago start to age, appear old and tacky and calls for migration to the new system. However migration is not always easy, not always necessary. Biting the bullet of migration is also a challenging task and there are certain things that need to be carefully determined before we jump in migration. Still reading? Lets take a look at what things we should consider before jumping to migration. Current System Life of a software as it is As we just discussed, software application have an expiry date and though they are kind of working and get some work done, they tend to be replaced with a newer better version of it, specially when new technology comes often. Applications that are end user exposed example, website, mobile and desktop apps tend to expire more early then those backend applications, just because as new user experience techniques comes in to market, the old and ...
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...long as you are able to answer the questions posed here (Questions 1-5). (10 points) Answer: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - This specific agency, and proposed regulation, is of particular interest to me because of my past and future courses of study. My MPH degree was in public health with a concentration in disaster/emergency management so I want to ultimately aide in the education of my community to prevent communicable diseases. In the meantime, while working with medical students and clinical training sites, I am partially responsible for the health clearance of all of the students to ensure that they are able to do their clinical without risk of unnecessary exposure to harmful contagions. 2. Describe the proposal/change in your own words. (10 points) Answer: Influenza has several strains that are highly contagious. While the virus is able to unfortunately mutate, monitoring and keeping a strict lid on the strains that are identified as threats to public safety is important. Therefore, including two new strains to the list of influenza virus strains, specifically avian flu strains, would allow public health officials to control the spread of the...
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...Introduction “Trial by jury is… the lamp that shows that freedom lives” and that “each jury is a little parliament”. - Patrick (later Lord) Devlin. Jury system has survived in our country for almost 10 centuries. The core values, representativeness, resides in the ability made available for ordinary citizens to plays an important participatory role in the criminal process. It is generally accepted that the jury of ’12 good men and true’ lies at the heart of the British legal system. However, the misconduct in jury has become a vital issue as people starting to lose confidence with it. The importance of jury system Redmayne, a professor of law, said that it is arguably that twelve randomly selected individuals produce a broader range of experience and expertise than one single judge. Based on this, it is also arguable that jury trial will produce a fairer outcome than single judge as people cannot completely sure that judges will treat every single cases at a completely fair manner. ‘Fairness’ is what all the people demand, which is why we have jury trial and which survive for such a long time, but the precondition of jury trial is that it must provide an impartial trial. Jury trial holds public confidence as people assume that jury trial will bring a fair procedures and will produce fair outcomes. ‘Trust in the jury’ is very important as it is the strongest support that keep the jury system works and which is secured by the fact that it applies...
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...We carefully examined and evaluated your financial statements in 2011 and identified several accounting policies and procedures inconsistent with U.S. GAAP. To better present the net income of your company, we provide the various recommendations for you to revalue your revenues and expenses in the following statements. Inappropriate revenue recognition criteria and policies (should change revenue recognition method or change the allowance estimation, 2011 allowance amount should be larger than 2010 due to larger AR and the difficulty that the artist been through) WAG records revenue from artwork sales when the Company and customer agree upon a selling price. This criterion does not conform to U.S. GAAP, which requires revenue be recognized when it is earned and realized or realizable. i.e. WAG should recognize its artwork sales when it has already delivered the artwork and received the payment or a claim to the payment. However, in this case, the customer TEAC who bought two oil paintings in early September has not taken delivery of and paid for the artworks yet. So in concept of U.S. GAAP, we believe this revenue has not been earned and should not be recorded in 2011’s revenue. The corresponding A/R, Inventory, Cost of Goods sold should all be adjusted. WAG’s net income in 2011 is overstated by recording this lucrative transaction. The revenue recognition method for artist fees is complied with U.S. GAAP. It is recognized as it is earned each month. So this part is fairly...
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...Controls for Outflows Biniyam Beyene, Christie Ferrell, Gabriel Mendoza and Paula Strahl ACC/544 May 2, 2015 Professor Tracie Youngblood Controls for Outflows Purchasing, accounts payable, cash disbursements, finance, investment, and payroll are key components to a successful and efficient business. Internal controls are needed in these outflow process to prevent fraud and theft within the business. The follow proposal will list the types of controls that are needed and reason for the controls. Finance One of the things that cannot be overlooked when it comes to controls is finance. Finance is the lifeblood of an organization. Without proper controls and functionality and control, a company’s finances can be out of distorted and may cause a business to possibly go under and close for business. One of the things that a business can do with controlling its finances is to have more than one person of management sign off on orders that have to do with financial transactions. An example of this would be a work or purchase order. This is something that should be controlled and documented by more than one person of management. The last thing that upper management wants to see is a mess of finances where one individual may end up taking too much control and could very well not be aware of the right amount of inventory they could be purchasing where there may not be a need. A second person can look over the order themselves and may have the ability to...
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...OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATIRON MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING HURON AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY CASE STUDY Questions 1 and 2 | Hrs | | Rate | | | | | | Total, present method | 126 | | 55.96 | 7,050.96 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Costing of a 100-unit batch of CS-29 carburetors: | | | | First Proposal | | Revised Proposal | | Department | Hours | | Rate | Total | | Rate | Total | | Casting/Stamping | 21 | 16,7% | 52,97 | 1.112,37 | | 53,12 | 1.115,52 | | Grinding | 12 | 9,5% | 48,14 | 577,68 | | 46,75 | 561,00 | | Machining | 58 | 46,0% | 87,52 | 5.076,16 | | 86,5 | 5.017,00 | | Assembly | 35 | 27,8% | 40,19 | 1.406,65 | | 39,14 | 1.369,90 | | Total, proposed method | 126 | | | 8.172,86 | | | 8.063,42 | | Total, present method | 126 | | 55,96 | 7.050,96 | | 55,96 | 7.050,96 | | Difference From Present M. | | | | 1.121,90 | (16% more) | | 1.012,46 | (14% more) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Costing of spare parts for inventory: | | | | First Proposal | | Revised Proposal | | Department | Hours | | Rate | Total | | Rate | Total | | Casting/Stamping | 304 | 18,0% | 52,97 | 16.102,88 | | 53,12 | 16.148,48 | | Grinding | 270 | 16,0% | 48,14 | 12.997,80 | | 46,75 | 12.622,50 | | Machining | 1.115 | 66,0% | 87,52 | 97.584,80 | | 86,5 | 96.447,50 | | Total, proposed method | 1.689 | | | 126.685,48 | | | 125...
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...Controls for Outflows Improper recording of costs and expenses are common errors in financial statements. Fraud is common in payroll, accounts payable, and cash disbursements. Errors and fraud can be prevented when controls for outflows in purchasing, accounts payable, cash disbursements, finance, investments, and payroll are performed. This proposal recommends and explains the controls in detail and describes the importance of the controls for each area. Purchasing: Purchases are requested by people who know what the organization needs. Purchasing is a vital component in any business. With internal controls in effect potential risk or fraud will be reduced. Companies that do not have adequate internal controls in place are in danger for opportunities for fraud, theft, and misuse. The recommendations for internal controls that relate to purchasing will follow. Separation of duties assigns functions to different people. No one person has complete control over all buying activities with proper segregation. The best practice is to have different people approve purchase, receive materials, approve invoices for payment, review and reconcile financial records, and to perform inventory counts. Consequences for not separation of duties are: * Unauthorized or unnecessary purchases made * Improper charges made to department budgets * Excessive costs incurred * Goods purchased for personal use (Internal Control Practices: Purchasing, 2009). Accountability, authorization...
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...In other words, it increases the demand of the resources and thus, causes waste generation. Improper of waste management will giving effects to environmental. For the environmental aspect, it causes air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, visual pollution, noise pollution, odour pollution and explosion hazard (Ramachandra, 2006). Besides that, disposing the rubbish will waste the potential raw materials and energy that used in making the items. Recycling is one of the best ways to reduce the resources consumed. Ramachandra (2006) explains that Recycling is perhaps the most widely recognised form of source reduction involving the process of separating, collecting, processing, marketing and ultimately using a material that would have otherwise been discarded. This form of source reduction, i.e., recycling, is similar to other forms...
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...and demands relies heavily upon customer demand and knowing how to meet those demands. For example There are several needs that are part of capacity planning that Elizabeth should have considered before making the move to a larger facility. The first that should have been determining the market need of the community. Determining the amount of baked goods that would be sold would have helped her understand the space necessary for purchase. After determining the market need, research on the premises, location, prices, and other pertinent information should be obtained to ensure that the proper capacity is used for the physical premises of Biddy’s Bakery. 2. Determine what is wrong with the proposal made by the team of the business students and why. One major issue of the proposal was the fact that they planned for Biddy’s Bakery to primarily focus on the production of the McDoogle pie in large volumes. According to Balachandran, Balakrishnan, and Sivaramakrishnan, Organizations typically make long-term cost commitments to acquire certain resources...
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...management at Auburn University, Risk Management and Safety (RMS) has implemented a Chemical Inventory Management System (CIMS). The technological core of the CIMS is a chemical tracking database that provides realtime, discreet (to the individual container) monitoring of chemical inventories. The database has the capacity to accurately link the chemical container to hazard data, location, user, and acquisition date. Personnel, equipment, and budgetary resources were required to support the implementation phase, and ongoing operations. Successful implementation of the CIMS required approval and support from senior Administration, and successful collaboration between RMS, faculty, and departmental leadership throughout the University. This proposal provides a summary of the problems and challenges that necessitated the CIMS, and details regarding planning, cost, implementation, and use of the system in...
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