...Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Adetutu S. Toyin-oke Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Under what circumstances is one allowed to break patient-nurse confidentiality? As a nurse one may think of a few personal situations where they had to break that confidentiality. Ethical framework such as the nightingale pledge and ethical principles stated in nursing textbooks were meant to provide guidelines on how to most appropriately treat people in the healthcare field; however, when ethical framework is applied to nursing practice, a nurse may run into many implications. Ethical implications What are the implications of a breach of confidentiality? Well, the most obvious consequence is that the patient will not be able to trust her nurse or maybe even all nurses in general. In Pamela G. Nathanson’s article, Betraying Trust or Providing Good Care? When is it okay to break confidentiality?, She depicts a story of a nurse who is in an ethical dilemma. This nurse promised two teenage patients “who [were] reluctant to enter into care that no matter what they tell her, she will not divulge any information to the patient's parents or to anyone else (Nathanson, 2000).” However one of these two patients tested positive for HPV. A physician advices this nurse “that not only should she inform Andrea's parents of her diagnosis, but that she should also inform the girls' school since it has become a ‘public health issue’ (Nathanson, 2000).” According to Nathanson, “If confidentiality...
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...Action The intention of this paper is to make a real argument against the performance of affirmative action using logical arguments ethical theories, and perspectives. This paper will examine in what way a Utilitarian, Deontologist, Virtue Ethicist, Relativist and an Ethical Egoist would debate against the use of affirmative action. The case will be made by demonstrating why this practice is unquestionably unethical and discriminatory. Affirmative action is frequently used to give subgroups a benefit when applying for jobs, colleges or other organizations. In some cases, companies are financially incentivized to be racially diverse and in other instances extra points are given for test results. The result of these practices enables candidates, which could be less experienced to satisfy a position, to be chosen in order to achieve minority quotas. Affirmative action was passed to push back opposed to racism after segregation was viewed unlawful in order to get the government and employers to employ minorities; however, it is twisted by issues. In order to comprehend how an ethical perspective or theory would deal with affirmative action, it is necessary to first comprehend the view or approach. Utilitarianism is acknowledged as an important ethical theory, which only means that it centers on the expected result of an act, instead of the principles of the act itself or the agent involved in the action. The Utilitarian may endorse using the motto, “the ends justify the means”. The...
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...Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Soniya , RN Grand Canyon University: NRS 437V Professor: Teresa Ortner, RNC, MSNEd December 11, 2012 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice When patient seeks for assist and care, professional-patient relationship is established and the promise of confidentiality is incriminated automatically. Respecting confidentiality is the professional commitment. Yet occasionally unavoidable situations bring health care profession to face nothing but the alternative choices which ends up breaching the confidentiality. The author would like to discuss one’s professional position regarding the ethical implications of a breach of confidentiality, ethical theories and principles, identify alternatives, and ethics committee’s approach in resolving ethical dilemma. Ethical Implications of a Breach of Confidentiality The medical profession has an obligation to live up to the patient's expectations of privacy and to earn the trust. By breaching confidentiality, patients no longer disclose honest and full information to medical professionals, or even initiate avoidance of seeking future care. Without trusting medical professionals, it is hard to expect for patients to reveal private and intimate nature of the information which could be vital in treatment decision. It means breaching confidentiality not only denies individual privacy but also prevents the autonomy of patient (Nathanson, 2000). Who would volunteer the info when he or she sees it...
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...Running head: APPLYING ETHICAL FRAMEWORK IN PRACTICE Applying Ethical Framework in Practice Jaclyn Hughes Grand Canyon University: NRS-437V August 21, 2011 Applying Ethical Framework in Practice Patient confidentiality is one thing that cannot be breached nor as a patient that you would want to be breached. In this day and age as healthcare professionals it is a very fine line of what breaching confidentiality is. We all want to know that when we are sick and in the hospital, the one thing that we can keep personal is our privacy which would include our health information. It is hard to imagine that in a state of vulnerability that some things must be disclosed to certain departments regardless of your desire to keep it private and confidential; some examples include: domestic violence, child abuse, rape, psychiatric evaluations, and communicable diseases. These situations if not taken care of could cause more harm to the patient. Knowing your ethical principles and nursing code of ethics allows for the nurse to make a moral and ethical decision based on the five basic principles without breaching confidentiality and doing what is morally and ethically right for the patient. A patient’s trust is sacred and breaching that information is a violation of the trust between the relationship of the nurse and the patient (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008). An ethical implication of a breach of confidentiality would include: patient confidentiality and informed consent for...
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...Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Richard Doria Grand Canyon University NRS -437 V Nov 16, 2014 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Patient confidentiality can be often breached without the intention of doing it. This happens when staff discusses patient information in crowds or small groups, patient notes on the computer being left open and unattended, and documents that are not being filed properly and stay visible to the next patient. Confidentiality is not necessarily absolute even though it is a patient’s right. Certain situations exist where medical staff is obligated to breach confidentiality, especially when they feel that it is in the patient’s interest to do so. The following are implications of breaching confidentiality: “1) breaching confidentiality fails to respect patient autonomy, 2) violation of patient confidentiality is a form of betrayal, and 3) patients have a right to confidentiality that has frequently been demonstrated in common law and in some specific areas outlined in statute law” (ministryofethics.co.uk, 2010). Confidentiality is a principle in nursing that makes nurses preserve the privacy of their patients and grant them their autonomy. Respect for the patients is being shown while maintaining confidentiality. This task makes nurses, physicians, and other medical staff accountable. Breaching confidentiality has a major tendency to cause harm or the patient refusing further medical care. “Undue harm can be described as embarrassment...
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...communicate decisional and behavioural rules with clarity To illustrate this further, the Australian Psychological Society (APS) Code of Ethics specifies ethical principles and accepted guidelines governing the psychologists’ actions and methods to make the public known of their professional practices. The ethical standards define the best practices of professionals and ensure the high quality of practice. A psychologist must bring and maintain appropriate skills and learning within her area of practice. Falling under the Prudence principle, The Code of Ethics (2007) section B.1.2 states that a psychologist may only provide psychological services within boundaries of their professional competence, where a) working within their limits of training, education, and experience and b) basing their service on established knowledge of discipline and profession of psychology. However, the psychologist concerned is specialized in clinical psychology for adults, and now is dealing with adolescents, whom are clients beyond her scope of expertise. This raises the issue of limited professional competence. Nonetheless, rural regions often see a high demand due to lack of specialists normally found in urban locations. A change to the rural location brings pressure toward the psychologist to practice beyond their capability. The ethical trap possibilities lay in the fact that her qualification does not apply for the therapy, however there is no other way to go about it. Deemed as the...
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...Running head: APPLYING ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS IN PRACTICE Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Grand Canyon University Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Implications of a breach of confidentiality In the NBC’s ER: Betraying trust or providing good care? A14 year old girl Andrea came to trust the nurse that was caring for her and after being told that the information would be confidential, disclosed that she had been sexually active. When it became apparent that she had cervical cancer and needed treatment which required parental consent; Nurse Carol Hathaway faced a dilemma of remaining true to her promise and allow Andrea to possibly go untreated or break confidentiality and inform the parents. The purpose of confidentiality between patient and medical care provider is to gain trust and provide the patient with privacy regarding their medical care and allow the patient assurance that personal matters will remain confidential. When private information is disclosed without the patient consent this is regarded as a breach of confidentiality and is morally, ethically and legally wrong. The implications are a lack of trust between the patient and the healthcare provider and the patient may not disclose vital information regarding their condition thereby may not receive adequate care.(Nathanson, 2000). There are exceptions which “require physicians to report certain infectious diseases to public health authorities to protect the health of the community”...
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...IFAC’s recently released Revised Code of Ethics applies to all professional accountants - whether you work in practice, in industry, in academe, or in government. It is effective from June 30, 2006. Accountancy Ireland asked ICAI member, Richard George, Chairman of the IFAC Ethics Committee to explain the background to the development of the revised code and to give our readers a brief overview of what it covers. Many Irish Chartered Accountants are probably only vaguely aware of the existence of IFAC - the International Federation of Accountants - as a global body that sets professional standards for the accountancy profession and of which their Institute is a member. A much smaller number would have any detailed knowledge of what these professional standards cover or of how they impact on local requirements as promulgated by their own Institute. This article is about ethical matters and the activities of the IFAC Ethics Committee. Besides ethics, IFAC Boards and Committees develop international standards on auditing and assurance (ISAs), on education and on public sector accounting. Each of the member bodies of IFAC - there are 163 currently from all parts of the globe - undertakes to use their best endeavours, subject to national laws and regulations, to implement the standards issued by IFAC in each of these fields. So, ICAI - and indeed, the other UK and Irish based accounting bodies that have members in Ireland - have obligations to promulgate IFAC standards and to monitor...
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...Medical Pluralism Introduction From the complementary medicine context, notes Marian (2007) medical pluralism donates to the recognition and acknowledgment of various healing systems entrenched within their respective culture. Reeser (2014) observes that pluralism is legitimized through chief principles of political and social justice namely the right to free choice and freedom. In this context, pluralism is closely linked to the four biomedical principles of ethics, respect for autonomy in particular. Other biomedical ethics principles include justice, nonmaleficence, and beneficence (Marian, 2007). These biomedical ethics principles define the various duties of health care providers. However, applying or executing such principles in specific cases at the edge of both biomedicine and CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) may prove to be particularly difficult....
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...This essay is based on adult case study two a 70 year old male patient called Mr James. All names have been change in this essay in order to comply with the NMC (2008). Code professional conduct on confidential. The case study highlights a number of principle, legal issues and professional value. These will be identified and some will be discuss in details. Ethics is concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection of norms and practice (Burckhardt and Nathaniel 2003). These ethical issues are those based on basic and essential to social values that include respect for life, liberty and to be cared for. There will be a demonstration of understanding the theory of deontology while recognizing the importance of ethical principles in relation on the delivery of individual patient care. Informed consent will be highlighted in detail to provide validity and factors involved. A reflection will be provided to detail the understanding of how ethical theories contribute to the ethical decision making process in clinical area. Also a brief discussion will be given to show what has been gained from producing this essay. Consent can be defined as an agreement to allow something to happen based on full disclosure of facts needed to make an intelligent decision (Hazel 2002). This includes the knowledge of risks involved, benefits and consequence of refusal. Informed consent not only requires that a person be given all relevant information required...
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...an individual extensive training and preparation for professional work and increases employment opportunities. Some provinces and institutions, such as Nova Scotia, allow individuals to practice as psychologists and college professors with a master’s degree. However, in other provinces in Canada it is required to obtain a Ph.D. to be a registered psychologist that can provide psychological services to society. The requirements to obtain licensure vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, therefore it is important that students learn about the requirements needed in the jurisdiction in...
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...An Evaluation of Critical Thinking and Ethics in Decision Making Critical thinking is applying a mindset that is appropriate in decision making and determination of fact vs. fiction. Ethics are made up of moral principles weather personal or professional your ethics play a role in decision making too. Critical thinking and Ethics together are very important while making decisions. Logic and your personal standards are combined to determine the best action for optimal results. Critical thinking is purposeful reasoned and goal directed. It achieves an understanding that relates well to each other. Reacting with systematic evaluation to what you have heard or read. It is the skills and attitudes. Critical thinking is the search to identify better opinions, decisions or judgment. Goodpaster and Levine (2010), describe creative thinking, organization, logical thinking, scientific thinking, persuasive thinking, and problem solving as all being part of critical thinking. The steps to critical thinking are as follows, remembering: recalling key terms, facts, or events. Understanding; explaining the idea in your own words and being able to summarize. Applying; applying the idea to get results, ex. completing a task, reaching a goal, solving a problem. Analyzing; can the idea be divided into parts, groups or steps. Evaluating; rate the truth, usefulness or quality of the idea. Creating; can the idea be useful for inventing something new. These steps are important concepts when...
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...Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making Holly Forester-Miller, Ph.D. Thomas Davis, Ph.D. Copyright © 1996, American Counseling Association. A free publication of the American Counseling Association promoting ethical counseling practice in service to the public. -- Printed and bound copies may be purchased in quantity for a nominal fee from the Online Resource Catalog or by calling the ACA Distribution Center at 800.422.2648. ACA grants reproduction rights to libraries, researchers and teachers who wish to copy all or part of the contents of this document for scholarly purposes provided that no fee for the use or possession of such copies is charged to the ultimate consumer of the copies. Proper citation to ACA must be given. Introduction Counselors are often faced with situations which require sound ethical decision making ability. Determining the appropriate course to take when faced with a difficult ethical dilemma can be a challenge. To assist ACA members in meeting this challenge, the ACA Ethics Committee has developed A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making. The intent of this document is to offer professional counselors a framework for sound ethical decision making. The following will address both guiding principles that are globally valuable in ethical decision making, and a model that professionals can utilize as they address ethical questions in their work. Moral Principles Kitchener (1984) has identified five moral principles that are viewed...
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...showing the value of the organization on the ethical and social issues, than we describe 3 companies which we have chosen Code of Ethics Apple Starbucks Code ofEthics AtFirstweshouldknowwhatis Code ofEthics: A code of ethics forms a part of formal statement showing the value of the organization on the ethical and social issues,than we discribe 3 companies which we have chosen Starbucks conducts its business operations in a volatile and competitive business-environment. The organization is committed to its core values and principles in order to comply with the laws of ethical conduct (Kazmi, 2002). Starbucks Standards of Business Conduct present a brief outline of the ethical and legal standards followed by the organization on a regular basis.Starbucks regularly undertakes an investigation of various kinds of possible violation of its principles, standards, the Financial Code of Ethics and reports under the Procedures (Corporate Ethics and Accountability, 2008). This ensures that all the departments functioning under the organization are working in a proper manner and conducting business in a fair and transparent manner (Starbucks-Standards of Business Conduct, 2008). Code of Ethics Apple Apple is committed to the highest standards of social and environmental responsibility and ethical conduct. Apple’s suppliers are required to...
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...Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper There are many components that come with accepted accounting principles of financial reporting practices, and ethical standards in health care finance; such as Corporate compliance, ethics, or even fraud and abuse. There are four elements of financial management. “Financial Management means planning, organizing, directing and controlling the financial activities such as procurement and utilization of funds of the enterprise. It means applying general management principles to financial resources of the enterprise.” (MSG, 2012). These elements include, “Investment decisions includes investment in fixed assets (called as capital budgeting).Investment in current assets are also a part of investment decisions called as working capital decisions. Financial decisions - They relate to the raising of finance from various resources which will depend upon decision on type of source, period of financing, cost of financing and the returns thereby. Dividend decision - The finance manager has to take decision with regards to the net profit distribution. Net profits are generally divided into two: Dividend for shareholders- Dividend and the rate of it has to be decided. Retained profits- Amount of retained profits has to be finalized which will depend upon expansion and diversification plans of the enterprise.” (MSG, 2012). “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) refers to rules of accounting used to record and report the financial...
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