...Nama : Made Adeline Saraswati Kirana NIM : 03420100084 CARA KERJA OTAK DAN BAGAIMANA MENJADI PINTAR Pernahkan anda bertanya bagaimana cara kerja otak? Bagaimana otak menyesuaikan dengan keadaan sekitar? Bagaimana para atlit melakukan gerakan akrobatik? Dan bagaimana seorang anak pemalas meningkatkan tingkat konsentrasinya terhadap buku dan pelajaran? Kita akan belajar bagaimana otak bekerja dan cara menggunakannya. Pertama mari kita lihat seorang ibu rumah tangga yang bernama Allison. Dia menikah pada umur 20 tahun dan dikaruniai tiga anak. Menurutnya saat paling berkesan dalam hidupnya adalah saat melahirkan. Oleh karena itu, di usianya yang 40 tahun, dia kembali ke bangku kuliah dan belajar menjadi bidan. Ia pun berhasil karena keinginannya menjadi bagian dari saat terpenting tiap wanita yaitu melahirkan. Saat kita belajar hal baru, otak kita akan mengirim sinyal yang harus melompati sebuah celah yang disebut celah sinaps. Pertama kali sinyal otak melakukan lompatan, akan terasa sangat sulit. Tetapi yang kedua kalinya akan lebih mudah dari yang pertama, dan begitu seterusnya. Perumpamaanya seperti saat kita menyeberang jurang. Inilah yang dilakukan Allison, dia terus mecoba dan berlatih menjadi bidan yang baik. Elliot adalah seorang anak yang tidak memiliki ketertarikan terhadap pelajaran dan tingkat konsentrasinya rendah. Dia lebih memilih menonton tv seharian dan tidak pernah belajar. Kemudian Elliot terpilih dalam uji coba riset yang dilakukan oleh Oxford...
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...Compare and Contrast how Cocaine, Ecstasy, Heroin and Cannabis Work in the Brain Drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, ecstasy, heroin and cannabis, are of natural or synthetic origin, which can alter the emotional state, perception, body functioning and behaviour of an individual. Drugs are known to work in the brain by activating certain brain circuits via different mechanisms, and stimulate or inhibit different neurons in the pathway. However, due to the effects of each drug being different, a drug will affect either different pathways and neurons in the brain to that of another, or through a different process, i.e. direct or indirect activity. This essay will discuss the different mechanisms of action that cocaine, ecstasy, heroin and cannabis have in the brain, in terms of their similarities and dissimilarities. Recent studies are also discussed in relation to such theories, with findings of research having been derived from both humans and animals. Ecstasy and cocaine are psychostimulants that temporarily increase alertness and awareness. They both act as ‘indirect agonists’, which increase neurotransmitter binding to receptors in the synapse. By binding to the transporters that normally remove the excess of these neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap, ecstasy and cocaine prevent them from being reabsorbed by the neurons that released them, and therefore increase their concentration in the synapses. Changes in the activity of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline neurotransmitters...
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...Brain Mapping Kaitlin Pollock Brain Mapping The brain controls thinking, moving, or any actions that are taken by a single person. Actually figuring out how the brain works is a very interesting topic. One way they do this is by using brain mapping. Brain mapping is the study of the brain using imaging, and they use these imaging machines to make a map of the neurons and synapses in our brain to figure out why people are the way they are. The history of brain mapping is important to understanding how far it has come today. There are many different machines that are used to take a look at the brain. When treating a patient there are different ways doctors can go about using brain mapping. This field just as any other field, is growing every day and never know what tomorrow could bring. Brain mapping has brought us many accomplishments in the medical field, understanding how it got there is the first step to the process. Taking a look at history can be boring at times, but when talking about the brain nothing is boring. In the early 1900’s is when humans first started to realize that our brain did a lot of the work compared to the rest of our bodies. People were shocked because how can that be, something you cannot see is the whole reason why you are the way you are. After this was discovered people wanted to take a look at this and start understanding it more. The first imaging machine ever used was the X-Ray machine in 1895. This machine is what gave the idea of using...
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...The Study of the Left Brain Versus the Right Brain and how This Affects Learning Elizabeth Jones College 100 American Military University Leslie Colegrove The Study of the Left Brain Versus the Right Brain and how This Affects Learning Research continues on the many studies of whether the left brain or the right brain has an impact on the way a person learns. The brain is considered to be one of the most important and complex organs in the human body. The brain is the determining factor in a person’s nature and how a person learns. Although the left and right sides of the brain process information differently, they also work hand-in-hand to process information together. Each hemisphere of a person’s brain can processes the opposite side of the body. This means that the right side of the brain has control over the left side of the body and can see what is being processed through the left eye, while the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and can see what is being processed through the right eye. Very confusing yes, but that is how the brain works. A look into the way that the left brain and the right brain function will shed light on the impact they have on learning. Left brain learners and right brain learners are very different and prefer to learn in different styles and different environments. “The notion that our personalities, our minds, may actually reflect the workings of two usually collaborative but still separate systems—the left...
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...Left Brain Compared to Right Brain Joel M. Flores COLL 100-190 American Military University Shannon Voyles Left Compared Right Sided Brain Learners Left and right sided brain learners learn through different pathways of input to comprehend. When considering emotions both sides of the brain are responsible for emotions; the right side is known for negative emotions and the left side is known for happy emotions. The left side of the brain is responsible for language and math learning. As a left sided brain learner a person is a logical detail learner that focuses on facts and rules of language. The left sided brain learner is also focused on math and science in relation to pattern perception. These individuals are able to learn strategies through numbers, objects or verbal cues. The right side of the brain is responsible for nonverbal communication, recognizing shapes/patterns and auditory recognition. Right sided brain learners always are trying to take in the larger picture of issues and are often known as the philosopher of the learning group. There are some that do not believe that individuals are left or right sided brain learners at all, but have brain that developed differently and compensate for the different development. Brain regions with more gray matter in one hemisphere may develop lateralization of brain functions ascribed to those regions. Alternately, if a functional asymmetry develops in a brain region, it is possible that there may...
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...When you meet new people, why do you remember some names but not others? This is an example of a question that psychologists working in brain science and cognition seek to answer through their research. These psychologists spend most of their time studying human thought processes and the capacity for understanding, interpreting and retaining information. They may choose to work in one particular specialty, such as memory or learning disabilities, or they may focus their career on a specific health issue or population. Psychologists working in this field apply psychological science to address a wide variety of issues that affect a spectrum of populations. They work with infants and toddlers to address behavioral problems and developmental disorders. They work with adults to address memory disorders, substance use and health-related problems. Others study the brain’s capacity to do tasks, handle multiple demands or recover from injury. In their work, many of these psychologists will drill down into intricacies such as how music therapy can help heal degenerative brain disorders or how quickly humans can learn a new language. Some study how the brain interprets smells. Others are working to decode the human brain. What You Can Do Most psychologists working in brain science and cognition spend their careers in a university setting where they teach or conduct research or both. However, there has been significant growth in other areas, such as human-computer interaction...
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...The Brain I chose to learn more about psychology and the advances made in neuroscience. I specifically read Carl Zimmer’s article in National Geographic called, “Secrets of the Brain.” I was able to learn about Van Wedeen’s research and the new technologies being used that are allowing us to discover more about how the brain actually works. It is a very interesting article because it is written first hand by Carl Zimmer, as he is being “experimented” on by Wedeen. Neurological discoveries are significant to me because I am able to expand my knowledge of the brain and apply these findings into my own life. Wedeen discovered a way to “grid” the brain by using a fMRI scanner. This scanner is able to trace white matter patterns in the brain, and therefore can record the brain as it is in action. This has “helped reveal networks involved in all manner of thought processes, recognizing faces, to enjoying a cup of coffee, to remembering a traumatic event,” Zimmer explains. The brain has always been a huge mystery to the scientific/medical community, so being able to understand a little more about how it works, signals, and organizes is a very big deal! Not only is it...
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... . Parts of the Brain; Function Most people believe that it is better to follow the heart than to listen to the brain. Though they refer to the heart as an organ of feelings and the brain as an organ of conscience that helps distinguish right from wrong but the truth is the heart is just a pumping organ and the brain does all the work, the feeling, thinking, and making of decisions. This article will discuss further the different parts of the brain and their function: How does the brain work? The Human Brain: How does the brain work? The brain is the center of the human nervous system. The average size of an adult brain is 5.5 inches in width, 3.6 inches in height, and 6.5 in inches length. The human brain is composed of 78% water, 12% lipids, and the other 10% consists of protein, carbohydrates, insoluble salts, and soluble organics. The human brain performs a number of tasks of coordination, control, and regulation. • The brain controls the body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. • It accepts all sorts of information from each of the different senses • It controls a human body’s physical motion. • It’s responsible for dreaming, thinking, decision making, reasoning, and feeling of emotions. Parts of the Brain and their Function The human brain is a very complex organ. The brain has three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Forebrain This part of the brain is located at the area...
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...Left Brain vs. Right Brain “According to the theory of left-brain or right-brain dominance, each side of the brain controls different types of thinking.” (Cherry 2012) From books to television programs, you've probably heard the phrase mentioned that people are either right brained or left brained thinkers or perhaps you have gone online to take a test to see which one you are. Psychologist have been researching the brain to try and understand learning capability’s that can help with such things as epilepsy, dyslexia and other seizure and learning problems. The right brain-left brain theory came from the work of Roger W. Sperry, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1981. While studying the effects of epilepsy, Sperry discovered that cutting the corpus collosum (the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain) could reduce or eliminate seizures. However, Sperry also discovered that after the two parts were no longer connected, the patients could no longer name objects that were processed by the right side of the brain, but were able to name objects that were processed by the left-side of the brain. Based on this information, Sperry suggested that the left side of the brain is used to process certain information such as language. When researching the different sides of the brain, it has been noted that each side is capable of leaning the same things just in a different way. The right side of the brain is best at expressive and creative tasks. The right side...
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...Neuroscience Leadership Aleksander Varga USASMA Abstract In the last decade scientists have made huge progress in the neuroscience field, which has had a tremendous impact on leadership development studies. Knowledge gained through brain observation helps us to understand how the brain responds during certain activities and how some processes in the brain are connected to each other. One important part of our brain is the limbic system, a primitive system responsible for our long term memory, how we build relationships, and how we create patterns based on experiences. Another important part is the prefrontal cortex, which is evolutionarily younger than the limbic system and responsible for more sophisticated processes in our brain, such as our working memory with which we plan, react and judge. Connection between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex determines our response to certain situations. If we know that the brain cannot use both with the same power in certain situations, and that our brain is plastic and has the ability to change if influenced by certain exercises, this could be very useful information for leaders. We can use this knowledge to improve many fields from how to build empathy to how to change our and others’ behavior in accordance to make better organization, which will consequently make us better leaders. Neuroscience Leadership Leadership is probably as old as humanity. As a matter of fact, we can find some sort of leadership also in...
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...The complexity and magnificence of the human brain are something that has impulsed grand desire for scholars to understand this arsenal of neurons and bunched up human flesh; its role in the human body and the millions of ways in which it functions has created a cloud of curiosity in the minds of many. There has been a great controversy for years debating whether a mentally ill person who has committed a crime should be prosecuted to the same extent as a person who willingly committed similar actions. Many people disagree with this view because they lack knowledge in the ways the brain affects an individual’s actions, and are furthermore stuck on their conservative views; they don’t understand that extraordinary advancement in neuroscience have allowed us to see the way the brain affects our will. Are neuroscience and justice two subjects that should be applied in the same category?...
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...The Principals' Partnership http://www.principalspartnership.com/ Sponsored by Union Pacific Foundation Research Brief Brain-based Learning Question: What does brain-based research say about how adolescents learn? Summary of Findings: The 1990s was declared as the Decade of the Brain by President Bush and Congress. With the advancement of MRIs (Magnetic Resonance Imagining) and PET (positron emission tomography) scans, it has become much easier to study live healthy brains. As a result, the concept of "brain-based learning" and how to utilize it to meet the needs of students, has become an integral part of the current research and literature. The researchers caution when incorporating new information into the classroom, to use good sense about implementing what is known about good instructional practices. Major Conclusions: Basic Brain Information: The adolescent brain: • is a parallel processor-it talks to and communicates with both hemispheres • is pattern seeking-it looks for prior knowledge to which to connect new information • is naturally curious, looks for novelty and will embrace meaningful and complex investigations • is unique and thrives when given choices • takes in information in the immediate and peripheral environment • learns from an emotional base • learns when it feels physically and emotionally safe • learns information from whole-to part-to whole • learns best from a stimulating, however, not an over stimulating, environment, which is optimal for more...
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...as their biological bases the activity of neuronal systems in the brain’ (p.259). Does this mean that psychological life can be reduced to neuronal activity? Illustrate your answer with examples from Chapter 4, ‘Biological psychology’, from Book 1, mapping psychology The case study of Phineas Gage referred as being within the subject of Biological Psychology. As we human beings are a “biological species”, we need to be able to understand our biological make-up, to further study the Physiological field, only once we can fully understand the different part of our bodies, including the brain can we then apply Psychological research methods to study & develop understanding . Science constantly evolves to study and gain understanding, which then can lead to data interpretation methods like Psychological .The Theorist Crick,-: His belief and scientific approach called “Reductionism” (Mapping Psychology, Pg 230) Suggests that “Potentially all psychological events and experiences can fully and only explained in terms of the activity within the components of the brain”. Other Scientists do however argue that there should be a much broader view taken, and other views et should be considered.(Bolton and Hill, 1996, Stevens, 1996: Toates, 2001) These other theorists, and studies are suggested (Mapping Psychology, Pg 230) as having equally possible explanations of how our brains components affect our actions and how we are. Phineas Gage, the study and interpretation of why his...
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...The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning COLL 100 AMU Janice Flegle The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning Everyone has a brain and without it they would not be alive. As with anything, everyone’s brain is different and how someone learns can be influenced by their brain. This paper will discuss a basic biology of the brain, the right brain, the left brain, and brain injury. Hopefully this information will help to determine how learning can be done and possible ways to improve learning skills. The first thing discussed will be the basics of how the brain works. The brain is made up of neurons that form tracts throughout the brain and these tracts carry messages to various parts of the brain (Living with brain injury, 2012). Even something as simple as breathing is controlled by the brain and that is done automatically. The brain is divided into multiple sections called lobes and they include the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, the cerebellum, and the brain stem (Living with brain injury, 2012). Each section, or lobe, has different functions, such as the occipital lobe controls vision, the cerebellum helps us keep our balance, and the temporal lobe stores our memories (Living with brain injury, 2012). When the left and right brain are used together the whole brain is utilized. With whole brain thinking the greater the connection between both halves, the chances for learning...
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...are many people involved with this such as therapists and workers and even psychiatrists. Cognitive Behavioral therapy focuses on modifying the client’s thoughts and behaviors with the intent on reinforcing positive emotions, the client and therapist may work closely together so the therapists can help the client recognize the wrong way of thinking and replace this with positive thoughts. This approach would be to include helping them to reestablish goals and built on the idea of operant as well as respondent and social and classical thinking. There is also a technique called Dialectical behavior which is where the therapist and the client discuss issues that have happened during the week and the therapists helps the client work on improving these in the clients life and also decide which are the most important to do first, this may include emotions and social environments. LEFT SIDE VS. RIGHT SIDE 1 When I decided to choose this topic as the topic for my final paper I knew that I would have to do quite a bit of research on the left and right side of the brain to further understand the individual functions of each side and how each side impacts learning. I was quite surprised when I learned exactly how the brain works and how each side impacts...
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