...Lab Investigation Purpose: This lab will verify how the centripetal force on a rotating body is affected by the following variables: frequency, speed, mass, and radius of a rotating object. Available Materials: ● 2 rubber stoppers ● 28 steel washers ● reinforced ceramic tube ● 1.5 m of thread or string ● metre stick ● stop watch [pic] Lab Procedure: Remember that a proper scientific method requires identifying the following for each case of the investigation: → Independent Variable → Dependent Variable → Controlled Variables PART A - Centripetal Force vs Frequency 1. Set up apparatus as illustrated above. Measure 1.0 meter of string from the rubber stopper to the tube (held vertically) using the metre stick. Attach a piece of tape on the string about 1 cm below the bottom of the tube (see diagram pg. 152). This will act as a reference mark. 2. Place 12 washers on the end of the string (using the paper clip). 3. While holding the bottom stack of washers, whirl the rubber stopper in a horizontal circle above your head. Carefully adjust the speed of rotation until you feel very little tension on the string suspending the washers. Let go of the stack of washers and maintain the rotation rate so that the reference tape on the string remains stationary about 1 cm below the tube. Have a lab partner determine the time for 20 complete rotations. 4. Set...
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...Centripetal Acceleration Lab Purpose: To understand and verify the relationship of Centripetal Force, where m is mass, v is velocity and r is radius. Procedure: Part 1: Set up apparatus, which consists of a rotor mechanism containing a mass m attached to a spring. Tape on a piece of cardboard vertically onto one end of the rotor to trigger the photogate timer. Start the rotor and gradually increase speed until the metal pointer just flips up. Record the time (up). And then gradually decrease until the metal pointer just flips down. Record the time (down). Calculate the force on the rotating mass m. Part 2: Rotate rotor from Part 1 so that mass m hangs straight down. Attach a short loop of fishing line at the bottom of the mass. Add weight (mass) onto loop and keep adding weight until the metal pointer just flips up. Record the mass (up). Then little by little, remove the weights until the metal pointer just flips down. Record the mass (down). Calculate Force=mg. Data/Results: The data and sample calculations are attached below. The typical relative uncertainty for Fc was 16%, while the typical relative uncertainty for Fg was 2%. Thus Fg is a more precise measurement than Fc. Both parts gave the similar Newton answers (about 21-22N). Some error in this lab may have been caused by air resistance/friction, slowing down mass and increasing period. Another error can be caused by time measurement/calibration, which can be reduced by timing a number of rev and finding...
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...Circular Motion and Gravitation Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force 1. What is the centripetal acceleration of a point on the perimeter of a bicycle wheel of diameter 70. cm when a bike is moving at 8.0 m/s? 2. A pilot is upside down at the top of an inverted loop of radius 3.20 x 103 m. At the top of the loop his normal force is only one-half his normal weight. How fast is he going? 3. The maximum force a pilot can stand is about seven times his weight. (This is his normal force.) What is the minimum radius of curvature that a jet plane’s pilot, pulling out of a vertical dive, can tolerate at a speed of 250. m/s? 4. A car is negotiating a flat curve of radius 50. m with a speed of 20. m/s. If the centripetal force provided by friction is 1.2 x 104 N. a) What is the mass of the car? b) What is the coefficient of friction? 5. A race car makes one lap around a track of radius 50. m in 9.0 s. a) What is the average velocity? b) What was the car’s centripetal acceleration? 6. Norman Neutron swings a rubber ball attached to a string over his head in a horizontal, circular path. The piece of string is 1.5 m long and the ball makes 120 complete turns each minute. a) What is the average velocity of the ball? b) What is the ball’s centripetal acceleration? 7. A car goes around a curve at 20. m/s. If the radius of the curve is 50. m, what is the centripetal acceleration of the car? 8. Professor Brown holds on to the end of the...
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...that produces enough force to propel a vehicle using the reciprocal motion of a piston cylinder, which is itself propelled by electromagnetic force. The problem that this patent solves is the ability to produce the driving force necessary without the numerous types of resistance that inherently occur in internal combustion engines. In the electromagnetic piston engine, the inner wall of the cylinder is magnetizable to a single magnetic pole. To make the piston more able to engage with the cylinder, the piston magnetization unit magnetizes part of the piston to another single pole. The cylinder’s magnetization creates a force between the cylinder and piston that is magnetically attractive. This, in turn, causes the piston to move in one direction until it is repelled by the opposing magnetic force in the opposite direction. Friction force arises from motion of one object with respect to another when the two objects are within contact distance. This is due to the surface molecules of one object forming atomic bonds with the surface molecules of the other object. These bonds apply a force that resists any motion of the objects (which break the bonds). Friction force depends on the relative speed of the objects with respect to one another, being smaller at higher speeds. For all practical applications, the friction force is constant at rest (called static friction) and a different constant as the objects move (called kinetic friction). The friction force obviously depends also...
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...2007 Centripetal forces keep these children moving in a circular path. Objectives: After completing this module, you should be able to: • Apply your knowledge of centripetal acceleration and centripetal force to the solution of problems in circular motion. • Define and apply concepts of frequency and period, and relate them to linear speed. • Solve problems involving banking angles, the conical pendulum, and the vertical circle. Uniform Circular Motion Uniform circular motion is motion along a circular path in which there is no change in speed, only a change in direction. Fc v Constant velocity tangent to path. Constant force toward center. Question: Is there an outward force on the ball? Uniform Circular Motion (Cont.) The question of an outward force can be resolved by asking what happens when the string breaks! Ball moves tangent to v path, NOT outward as might be expected. When central force is removed, ball continues in straight line. Centripetal force is needed to change direction. Examples of Centripetal Force You are sitting on the seat next to You are sitting on the seat next to the outside door. What is the the outside door. What is the direction of the resultant force on direction of the resultant force on you as you turn? Is it away from you as you turn? Is it away from center or toward center of the turn? center or toward center of the turn? • Car going around a curve. Fc Force ON you is...
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...that is common in every activity…. gravity. As I lay in the bed I am causing the atoms of pillow top and springs underneath to bend. I am putting pressure on the bed itself because I have weight, which is due to gravity. The force of gravity is what keeps me from floating away as I sleep or do anything else. Gravity is probably one of the most important concepts in physics. One of the next things I do is next after waking up is eating breakfast. There is a lot of physics going on in this activity as well but I chose to discuss one of the more complex terms that takes place during eating. The conversion of food to energy is also a part of physics. My body digests the food and in the process pulls the energy from it either to keep me warm or fuel my body to do work. It probably sounds more chemical physical, but gravity pulls the food down which contains potential chemical energy, and in the end that energy allows me to do work or just store it. Also with eating I could mention the act of chewing it. Another activity that I take part in is driving a car. The lists of things that take place that involve physics while driving a car are countless. The car itself was built on numerous physics concepts. Driving a car around a curve obviously has centripetal force and is a concept we just covered. However, I choose to focus on a rather small part of a car, but no less important. The brakes on my car are what keep form running red lights and running into other vehicles as I drive to...
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...Project 1 Write an essay of 1500 words, giving credible references on the use of physics in your daily activities. You need to mention 5 or more activities where physics is used. Remember to follow the APA style and give references. Physics is used in so many ways that most people do not even realize that they are using it. Even a stay at home mom uses physics more than one would think. Daily activities that many people do include physics without thinking about it, such as driving a car, using a headrest in a car, walking and running, flushing the toilet, and washing and drying clothes. Driving a car has many different aspects of physics involved, but today only acceleration, speed, and velocity will be discussed. People talk in terms of physics everyday without even knowing that is what they are discussing. For example, “speed” limit, how quickly a car can “accelerate,” and when they add a direction, they are actually talking about the velocity of a vehicle because velocity has a magnitude and direction, not just magnitude. According to Barry Parker in Issac Newton School of Driving, “you are accelerating and decelerating most of the time when you take a trip through the busy streets of a city, either by stepping on the gas, braking, or turning the steering wheel.” Basically, if someone gets in the driver seat of a car and drives, that person is changing the acceleration, speed, and velocity of the car that is being driven. A speed is just the scalar, magnitude with no...
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...point on the coaster. It will, however, increase the force of friction via increasing the gravitational forces, and therefore the normal forces, acting on the cart. Increasing velocity has an exponential effect on the carts kinetic energy and by increasing it one would increase the velocity of the cart at every other point on the roller coaster. This has inherent risk, as if the cart is going too fast at the crest of hills or too slow at the top of a loop the cart will derail....
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...velocity from 6.5 m/s [down] to 6.5 m/s [up] in a time of 2.0 s. Its average acceleration during this period can be considered to be zero. _________________________ ____ 5. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth varies according to both altitude and latitude. _________________________ ____ 6. To achieve maximum range across a horizontal surface, the angle at which a projectile must be launched is 90°. _________________________ ____ 7. Forces of tension always act vertically upward. ______________________________ ____ 8. When forces acting on an object are in equilibrium, the object can still be moving. _________________________ ____ 9. The same forces act on two objects having different masses. The more massive object will experience the greater acceleration provided the forces are not “balanced.” ______________________________ ____ 10. For two given surfaces, the coefficient of static friction is generally greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction. _________________________ ____ 11. For an object sliding along a ramp, the force of kinetic friction acting on the object increases as the angle of inclination of the ramp increases....
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...realizing the scientific nature of physics being involved. Physics exists all around weather one is cognizant or not. For example, roller coasters have become quite the attraction at major theme parks all across the globe and operate due to physics. Many men, women, boys and girls want to experience the thrill of zero gravity, upside down loops, twists and curls at extremely fast speeds. However, there is another portion of the population who does not want to go anywhere and would rather speculate from the ground. In either instance, the detailed study of physical science makes it all possible. Even though the physics of a roller coaster are intricate due to the composition of various forms of energy, accelerometers and gravitational forces; their makeup can be quite intriguing. The study of physics dates back several years and can be attributed to different individuals. Knowing the history of physics will help understand general concepts and how they can be applied to creating objects such as the roller coaster. The lessons initiated from the historical founders of physics are vitally important to apprehend the ideas of today and more importantly the direction for how they will shape tomorrow (Garcia et al., 2010). Copernicus, a prominent attributer, initially suggested that the planets revolve around the sun and the Earth rotates on an axis (Britannica Biographies, 2011). The idea will later assist Galileo, another prominent Physics historian, with theories such as...
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...coaster stays on the track is there is a way they make the tracks and they way that they make the carts. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its motion. All moving objects have kinetic energy. There must be supports in the middle of the roller coaster and following the track. It would be better if there was supports going from the side of it, and not only the middle of it. The weight limit matters on some roller coasters but not all. Most of them do not considering they are made for everyone that meets the requirments for that roller coaster. Friction matters a lot in roller coaster physics. Friction is the force that resists the motion of an object. There is a lot of friction in roller coaster and friction is in every roller coaster. There is friction whenever the roller coaster stops.There is force in a roller coaster and the force is when a machine is pulling the coaster up and when it starts. The reason there is when it starts is because a machine is what gets a roller coaster started. Roller coasters are driven by...
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...Unit 1: Driving is Your Responsibility * Lesson 1: License to Drive – A Privilege * Driving is a privilege granted based on driving knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely operate a motor vehicle * Having a driver license means being responsible for your actions and driving safely * Other road users expect and trust that you will follow the rules of the road at all times * Lesson 2: Operating a Motor Vehicle is a Serious Responsibility * Car crashes are the leading cause of death for 16-20 year olds * A motor vehicle has the potential to be as dangerous as a loaded gun * When preparing your motor vehicle to drive, check the vehicle’s surroundings, check for any changes to the vehicle, and approach the vehicle from the curb * To prepare yourself for driving always ensure that the seat is positioned for comfort, adjust seatbelts so it fits snugly across the hips and shoulders, adjust head rest to middle of the head to prevent head and neck injuries, and adjust all mirrors for a clear, unobstructed view to the vehicles rear * Before attempting to start a motor vehicle, always perform a starting check * When parking and leaving your vehicle, make sure you vehicle does not interfere with traffic and will remain static for the length of time it is parked * To park at an angle the, a driver focus on vehicle position, target an area in the parking space and turn the wheel in the correct direction * Parallel parking is a ten-step...
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...Biomechanics * Biomechanics is the area of study in which the knowledge and methods of mechanics are applied to the biological actions and structures of the body * Concerned with internal and external forces that act on the body * Mechanical physics * Basic human movements * Work environments * Daily living tasks * Goal orientated movements sports environments * Adapted human movements * Biological material properties * A better understanding of biological and mechanical aspects of human movement result in better coaching etc. * Motion- the movement of a human body , a limb, or objects propelled by a human body * Linear motion- the movement of a human body , a limb, or objects propelled by a human body in the same direction at the same speed over the same distance * Known as rectilinear motion * When it takes place on a curved path,curvilinear motion Kinematics * Is the branch of biomechanics that describes how far, how fast, and how consistently a body moves * Distance – the length of the path through which a body travels * Displacement – measured by the length of a drawn line between start and end (distance and direction) * Speed – distance cover by time taken * Velocity – displacement of the body dicided by the time taken * Acceleration – the rate at which an objects velocity changes over time (change in velocity/time elapsed = final velocity – initial velocity/time elapsed) * Momentum...
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...KINEMATICS 1. INTRODUCTION TO KINEMATICS Dynamics is the study of moving objects. The subject is divided into kinematics and kinetics. Kinematics is the study of a body’s motion independent of the forces on the body. It is the study of the geometry of motion without consideration of the causes of motion. Kinematics deals only with relationships among the position, velocity, acceleration, and time. Kinetics deals with both forces and motion. 2. PARTICLES AND RIGID BODIES Bodies in motion can be considered particles if rotation is absent or insignificant. Particles do not possess rotational kinetic energy. All parts of a particle have the same instantaneous displacement, velocity, and acceleration. A rigid body does not deform when loaded and can be considered as a combination of two or more particles that remain at a fixed, finite distance from each other. 3. COORDINATE SYSTEMS The position of a particle is specified with reference to a coordinate system. A coordinate can represent a position along an axis, as in the rectangular coordinate system or it can represent an angle, as in the polar, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems. In general, the number of degrees of freedom is equal to the number of coordinates required to completely specify the state of an object. If each of the coordinates is independent of the others, the coordinates are shown as holonomic coordinates. 4. CONVENTIONS OF REPRESENTATION ...
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...Reflection Journal: Module 3 & 4 1. Gravity- The force that attracts everything to the center of the earth. 2. Inertia- To remain unchanged 3. Potential Energy- Energy that is stored up 4. Kinetic Energy- Energy being released 5. Friction- The resistance on a surface or object when moving over another 6. Traction- Dragging or pulling something over a surface 7. Centrifugal Force- A force that acts outward on a body moving around a center, arising from the body’s inertia 8. Centripetal Force- A force that acts on a body moving in a circular path and is directed toward the center around which the body is moving 9. Deceleration- A decrease in rate of change 10. Force of Impact- The force in which one thing hits another or in which two objects collide 1. A- Broken yellow lines mean you are allowed to pass but with caution B- Broken yellow lines indicate that traffic is moving in the opposite direction C- White lines indicate that the traffic flow is going in the same direction and you are eligible to pass one another with caution 2. A- A stop sign it is a red octagonal shape that means you stop. B- A handicap sign is a blue rectangular shape with a person in a wheelchair in white on it, which means you can only go there if you are disabled. C- Recreational signs are usually found in parks for example a brown square with a white figure swimming means that you are allowed to swim there. D- A red and white upside down triangle...
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