...DRF 27: Entrepreneurship and Management of Small Business Name: Aswin J . R Enrolment No: A12N28165008 I. Critically examine the uses of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (edps) in India. Entrepreneurship plays a very important role in the economic development. Entrepreneurs act as catalytic agents in the process of industrialization and economic growth. Joseph Schumpeter states that the rate of economic progress of a nation depends upon its rate of innovation which in turn depends upon the distribution of entrepreneurial talent in the population. Technological progress alone cannot lead to economic development unless technological breakthroughs are put to economic use by entrepreneurs. It is the entrepreneur who organizes and puts to use capital, labour and technology in the best possible manner for the setting up of his enterprise. Importance of entrepreneurship development programme (EDP) is to enable entrepreneurs initiating and sustaining the process of economic development in the following ways- 1. Creation of Employment Opportunities: Unemployment is one of the most important problems confronting developing and underdevelopment countries, EDP's enable prospective entrepreneurs in the setting up of their own units, thus enabling them to get self-employment. With the setting up of more and more units by entrepreneurs, both on small and large scale, numerous job opportunities are created for the others. Entrepreneur...
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...Problems of the Russian agriculture Difficulties in the development of domestic agriculture have been and remain a consequence of underestimating the state's role in the formation of a national agricultural policy, the lack of the necessary logistical and financial support for the industry. This led to a skewed when domestic food in relation to the subsidized import was uncompetitive. It has become more expensive imported and widely displaced from the Russian market. Production of high-quality and productive agricultural machinery is also not well developed in Russia. Farmers choose the best and buy the imported tractors and seeders. Russia has also developed the production of high quality and productive agricultural machinery; farmers choose the best and buy the imported tractors and seeders. Is it possible to change the situation? It is already changed. Prospects for the development of agriculture in Russia A powerful impetus for renewing the country's economy, its improvement and promotion of economic development have become the priority national projects, including "Development of agriculture (agriculture)", which in a short time had to solve the most pressing problems of the village. In recognition of this country's agro-industrial complex national priority should be seen as a turning point for farmers to labor, agriculture, as a confirmation that it is one of the main sectors of the economy, ensuring the stability of the lives of citizens and the country's food security...
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...Sources of law means the origin from which rules of human conduct come into existence and derive legal force or binding characters. It also refers to the sovereign or the state from which the law derives its force or validity. There are many factors of law that have contributed to the development of law. These factors are regarded as the sources of law. Legal customs , Divine right , Natural and legal rights, human rights , civil rights, and common law are often implied and unwritten sources of law that have been established over decades or centuries. Canon law and other forms of religious law form the basis for law derived from religious practices and doctrines or from sacred texts; this source of law is important where there is a state religion . Historical or judicial precedent and case law can modify or even create a source of law. The ultimate in written laws are the charter, the constitution, and the treaty , much of which form the foundation of modern legal systems. Legislation , rules, and regulations are often the source of laws which are codified and enforced by the legal system. Precedent Precedent is one of the sources of law. The judgements passed by some of the learned jurists became another significant source of law. When there is no legislature on a particular point which arises in changing conditions, the judges depend on their own sense of right and wrong and decide the disputes. Such decisions become authority or guide for subsequent...
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...precursor to the establishment of the East African Federation, a proposed federation of its members into a single sovereign state. In 2010, the EAC launched its own common market for goods, labour, and capital within the region, with the goal of creating a common currency and eventually a full political federation. The geographical region encompassed by the EAC covers an area of 1,820,664 sq-km with a combined population of about 149,959,317(2013 est.) The drive for the transformation of the East African region, particularly Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, into a functioning entity with rights and duties in International Relations is not new. It dates back to the time when the three East African colonies were still objects of International Law. However, the aspirations for regional cooperation in East Africa acquired individual sovereignty and legitimacy in the post colonial state in the 1960s driven largely by the Pan-Africanist East African leaders, Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya), Julius K. Nyerere (Tanzania) and Milton A. Obote (Uganda). More specifically, the three East African leaders were, initially at least, interested in ushering in political federation as a springboard for regional integration. This desire was reinforced with their 1963 Nairobi Declaration in which the...
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...Bangladesh it is only around 10%.This can be considered one of the primary reasons for large differences in the ability to mobilize own resources between developed and developing countries. Tax evasion and tax avoidance is a great problem in our country. In Bangladesh there are many individual taxpayers and corporations who are evading or avoiding tax. As a result government’s developments activities are hampered. So, we should know about the tax evasion and tax avoidance and thereby its preventives measures. For development of a country government needs to create infrastructure and invest in various sectors. For this activities government needs founds and tax revenue is the main source for the purpose. But due to tax evasion and tax avoidance government’s revenue generation is not sufficient. So, it is very much important for us to stop tax evasion and avoidance for accelerating economic development. Objectives of Taxation: Taxation is the major source of revenue for the government. In order to accelerate economic development as well as to ensure the defense, administration, social welfare and other development activities...
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...Basic concepts of management Olugbemiga T. Williams AIU University The basic legal environment of business is governed by state, country and international laws. This includes laws on what can or cannot be formed or sold, consumer and employee protection laws, tax and other financial laws, as well as many rules and protocols with respects to business ethics, when and how to seek legal assistance in case of differences. The production or sale of a certain goods is illegal or at least strictly regulated in many countries. This includes, among others, selling of dangerous drugs, guns and explosives. Employee protection protects laws against unfair perception based on race, color, religion, sex, or age; laws against partial removal and sexual or other harassment; health and safety laws and laws regulating minimum wages. The social environment consists of the sum total of a society's beliefs, customs, practices and behaviors. It is to a large extent, a fake construct that can be compared with the natural environment in which we live. Every society has ideas about their own social environment. Some of the customs, beliefs, practices and behaviors are similar across cultures, and some are not. For example, an American traveling to Britain will find many familiar practices but not so much if traveling to China. This is a social environment created by a society at large in which a business functions can be bring up to as its external social environment. If a business runs in a multicultural...
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...the law'. This plunged England into civil war. * The civil war seen as a 3 way dispute by the lawyers. The Parliament, the King and the common law were all vying for ultimate power. * Eventually, Charles I lost the struggle and was executed in 1649. * The civil war and the ideas that rose up during it led to constitutional change in England and development of lots of ideas that influenced the colonies like Australia. The king versus the common law In 1598 (before he was King of England), James I wrote The Trew Law of Free Monarchies, setting out the divine right of Kings. * He was supported in this idea by the attorney-general, Francis Bacon. * Bacon argued that that according to natural law, only absolute monarchy could avoid 'confusion and dissolution'. This theory was based on the natural law theory that law is based on reason and the will of the Crown. * According to Bacon, the King could govern by prerogative alone – parliamentary powers allowed only by tolerance of the King – he could dismiss or convene Parliament as he saw fit. * The power not to be dismissed without its consent was what Parliament really wanted – and only force through the civil war gave them that. * James I: “Kings are justly called Gods, for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of Divine power upon earth; for if you consider the Attributes to God, you shall see how they agree in the person of a King... [kings have] their wills at that time served by law.” ...
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...their heavy industries – coal and steel – under a common management. In this way, none can on its own make the weapons of war to turn against the other, as in the past. The six are Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Founding Member States: Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Treaty of paris: Some of the main enemies during the war were now sharing production of coal and steel, the key-resources which previously had been central to the war effort. Treaty of rome: progressive reduction of customs duties and the establishment of a customs union. It proposed to create a common market of goods, workers, services Single european act: first major revision of treaty of rome. One step futher.The SEA's signing grew from the discontent among European Community members in the 1980s about the de facto lack of free trade among them. Leaders from business and politics wanted to harmonise laws among countries and resolve policy...
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...CONSTITUTIONALITY OF “CUSTOMARY LAWS” IN INDIA. Introduction. There is no universally accepted definition of customary law. Black’s Law Dictionary defines customary law as “customs that are accepted as legal requirements or obligatory rules of conduct, practices and beliefs that are so vital and intrinsic a part of a social and economic system that they are treated as if they are laws. Tobin and Taylor add to this the recognition that such legal regimes are dynamics and constantly evolving and often at all provide a still broader definition of customary law, stating that: “Customary Laws include customary worldviews, principles or values, and codes of conduct, and established practices. They are enforced by community institutions, and can have sanction attached. They are divided from natural resource use – some practices and beliefs acquire the force of law. They are locally recognized, orally held, adaptable and evolving.” Historically, the relative influence of each of natural law, customary law and positive laws has fluctuated throughout time and space. The strong emphasis on positive law in the field of international law during the 18th century led to a decline in the persuasion of natural law and the customary law in the western world. In particular, the doctrine of terra nullius serve to reduced indigenous rights and delegitimize their customary law. Across much of the globe, there has been increasing awareness of the significant role of the customary law in natural resource...
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...Bangladesh it is only around 10%.This can be considered one of the primary reasons for large differences in the ability to mobilize own resources between developed and developing countries. Tax evasion and tax avoidance is a great problem in our country. In Bangladesh there are many individual taxpayers and corporations who are evading or avoiding tax. As a result government’s developments activities are hampered. So, we should know about the tax evasion and tax avoidance and thereby its preventives measures. For development of a country government needs to create infrastructure and invest in various sectors. For this activities government needs founds and tax revenue is the main source for the purpose. But due to tax evasion and tax avoidance government’s revenue generation is not sufficient. So, it is very much important for us to stop tax evasion and avoidance for accelerating economic development. Objectives of Taxation: Taxation is the major source of revenue for the government. In order to accelerate economic development as well as to ensure the defense, administration, social welfare and other development activities...
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...Bangladesh it is only around 10%.This can be considered one of the primary reasons for large differences in the ability to mobilize own resources between developed and developing countries. Tax evasion and tax avoidance is a great problem in our country. In Bangladesh there are many individual taxpayers and corporations who are evading or avoiding tax. As a result government’s developments activities are hampered. So, we should know about the tax evasion and tax avoidance and thereby its preventives measures. For development of a country government needs to create infrastructure and invest in various sectors. For this activities government needs founds and tax revenue is the main source for the purpose. But due to tax evasion and tax avoidance government’s revenue generation is not sufficient. So, it is very much important for us to stop tax evasion and avoidance for accelerating economic development. Objectives of Taxation: Taxation is the major source of revenue for the government. In order to accelerate economic development as well as to ensure the defense, administration, social welfare and other development activities government needs...
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...Britain Contents Chapter 1 Historical Development of System of Human Rights in United Kingdom 1.1. Development of Human Rights in Kingdom of England from Manga Carta to Bill of Rights 1.2. Development of System of Human Rights in XVIII – XX Centuries References Historical Development of System of Human Rights in United Kingdom The origin of human rights law extends back to the beginning of Western civilization, to the Greeks and the Romans. Much of what we now consider modern human rights law can be found in the basis of fundamental rights widely recognized by Greek and Roman lawyers. Natural law, or what the Romans called “ius natural”, was a central theme of Roman political and legal thinking. When Saint Paul said, “Yes, I am [a Roman citizen],” he was insisting on those fundamental rights to which, as a Roman citizen, he was entitled. One distinction between Saint Paul’s statement and human rights today, of course, is that in Saint Paul’s time, only Roman citizens could enjoy fundamental human rights. It is important to be aware, however, that these ideas were not all concocted in the twenty-first century. They have been around a long time and have been elaborated on over the centuries by critical notions of Christian, Islamic, and Judaic teaching. In the times since the Greeks and the Romans, major developments in human rights law have also had an enormous impact on human rights in England. Thus, began the dawn of development of human rights. Almost 800 years...
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...of The Right to Development (RTD) | 2011 | By Giday Meles | | The Right to Development The Declaration on the Right to Development which clearly stated that the right to development (hereafter RTD) as a human right was adopted by the United Nations in 1986 by an overwhelming majority, with the US casting the single nonconforming vote. The concept of the RTD attracted much attention after it was incorporated in the Declaration on the Right to Development. In spite of such incorporation, however, it is far from clearly establishing the source, content, subject and addressee under the realm of international law and as result it has been subject of contention. By taking what has been stated above as a background, this paper examines the narratives on such issues as ‘the right to development’; ‘the source of right to development’; ‘subject of the right to development’; the object of the right to development’ and ‘the addressee analysis’. In terms of methodology, the paper uses information that will be gathered from books, articles, declarations and covenants as well as official legal documents, and others. The first article of the Declaration on the Right to Development puts the concept of the right to development as ‘an inalienable human right by virtue of which every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate in and contribute to and enjoy economic, social, cultural and political development in which all human...
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...E-commerce is a promising and profitable sphere of the economy. But due to its specific nature, it faces many development problems. For example, buyers and sellers highly appreciate the convenience and simplicity of transactions, using the Internet. But along with the comfort for honest subjects of electronic commerce, these characteristics give rise to a powerful platform for the successful operation of dishonest entrepreneurs. As an example, there are many expensive products sold through the Internet store, which in fact are fake. There are also a number of problems that slow the development of electronic commerce. E-commerce involves the implementation of various trade transactions, both intra-national and foreign trade. But the implementation...
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...binding contracts offer a sense of security to the companies involved and minimize risks of legal disputes regarding the subject matter of the contracts. If a company must take legal action against a business partner located in a different country, it would be practical for the company to decide on the type of law clauses to be used during contract negotiations. As indicated in the succeeding simulation example, some law clauses are supported by both domestic and foreign governments and others are not supported. In University of Phoenix simulation (2012), a U.S. based company, CadMex Pharma, is entering contractual agreements with Gentura, a biotechnology-based company located in Southeast Asia called, Candore. CadMex Pharma is a global leader in pharmaceutical and health care development and is interested in an anti-diabetes drug called ProPrez, which was created by Gentura. The contract would license CadMex Pharma’s technology and expertise to Gentura and CadMex Pharma would gain the global marketing rights to ProPrez. To avoid any legal disputes, CadMex Pharma would be wise to employ the Candorean Regulations for Technology Import Contracts (CRTIC) as the choice of law. The CRTIC is a well-defined set of regulations, which are enforced. The other option, Contracts for the International Sales of Goods (CISG) is not supported by the Candorean government. From a forum selection clause standpoint, CadMex Pharma would be wise to choose the use of international arbitration to...
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