...Table of Contents TABLE OF FIGURES 1 Introduction 3 1.1: IMPORTANCE OF THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE CONTRACT. 4 1.1.1. Agreement 4 1.1.2. Consideration 5 1.1.3. Intention to create legal relation 6 1.2: IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTRACT 6 1.2.1. Face to Face 6 1.2.2. Written contract 7 1.2.3. Distance Selling 7 1.3. ANALYSIS OF TERM IN CONTRACT 8 1.3.1. Condition 8 1.3.2. Warranty 8 1.3.3. Innominate term 9 1.3.4. Express 9 1.3.5. Implied 10 1.3.6. Exclusion Clauses 10 2.1. APPLICATION OF ELEMENTS OF CONTRACT IN 1ST SCENARIO 10 2.1.1. Agreement. 10 2.1.2. Consideration 11 2.1.3. Intention to create legal relations 11 2.2. APPLICATION OF ELEMENTS OF CONTRACT IN 1ST SCENARIO 11 2.2.1. The law on terms in the case study 1. 11 2.2.2. The law on terms in the case study 2. 13 2.3. EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TERMS 14 2.3.1. Condition 14 2.3.2 Warranty 14 2.3.3. Innominate Term 15 REFERENCE 16 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Composition of an agreement (Komma Naveen Kumar,2011) 5 Figure 2: Types of contract (Business Law,2013) 7 Figure 3: Innominate term 10 Introduction Vietnam JSC Software is a company that specializes in designing software applications for business organizations. The company has derived from applied outsourcing group and e-commerce for the US market in 2000 and it register business in 2003 and continue growth with high speed during recently years. JSC Software is evaluating to be a young...
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...certificate of testing > g) insurance policy > h) any other doc. as per contract > i)counsellor invoice > j) bill of lading > k)bill of ex draft > > > Q.4. Explain different INCO terms under International maarketing > ANS mention all the 13 > > Q. 5. What are the different sources of conducting international marketing > research ? > ANS publish report, newspaper, RBI, google, WTC, ECGC, trade articles, > journals etc.... > > Q.6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of international marketing? > ANS > > Q.7. Explain importance of swot and pestle analysis. > > Q.8. Explain advantages and disadvantages of gloabalisation. > > Q.9. Define the term Documentory letter of credit with its operations. > > Q.10. Explain FOB and CFR terms. > > Q.11. Explain imp. of documentation in Int.Mrktg > ANS a) proof b) insurance c) audit etc.... > > Q.12. QUOTATION ...... > > >...
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...es salaam P.O Box. 35046 Dar es salaam, Tanzania Tel: 255 741 323661, 255 22 2410221 Fax: 255 22 2410510 Email: Lettice@fcm.udsm.ac.tz Jan-Erik Jaensson Umea University school of Business Administration and Economics, Sweden Jan-Erik.Jaensson@fek.umu.se Abstract This paper reviews the networks and the IMP literature to inform research on the network phenomenon in small and medium enterprises in Tanzania. It is noted that while a lot of work in this area has been done in Western Industrialized countries, little by way of serious research has been undertaken in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The role of networks in enterprise development and growth in these countries remains unexplored and therefore unclear. It is argued here that research on networks needs to be contextualized if it is to gain currency. Integrating the networks and the IMP perspectives this paper identifies three crucial areas relevant for future research in Tanzania: viz, the network-performance nexus, female versus male networks and social networks. Introduction The main purpose of this paper is to provoke research on networks in Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Tanzania. We integrate the networks, IMP and entrepreneurship literature to justify research in this area. In the entrepreneurship literature networks have been identified as one of the solutions to problems faced by SMEs, especially at the start-up stage. A research focus on this line of enquiry at the SME level in a developing country such...
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...were developing a five year plan which included a significant plant expansion. The sales manager had assured Flynn of generating an additional million dollar sale if a flexo gluer of a larger size was available. Hence Flynn decided that this would justify the capital investment and went ahead with the purchase decision. There were other advantages of purchase over up gradation such as decreased set up time, less waste, less supervision and a higher quality product. Suppliers After much contemplation, various field visit, cost comparison, product feature comparison Flynn zeroed in on two suppliers Bale and Andrews. Decision making: Flynn had now had to decide between the two suppliers taking into account the various advantages and disadvantages of the machines provided by these...
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...objective CSP should use new product development and market differentiation as their Product Marketing strategy. With a positioning statement --“THE RIGHT PRODUCT FOR RIGHT YOU”. Metabical should target college educated, heath conscious females ages 35-65 looking to shed few extra pounds and thereby raising their self-esteem. Each product in the weight control market has a unique product and marking strategy, strengths and weaknesses (Ex-5) including Metabical, e.g. Alli- Product Differentiation, 1st OTC, FDA approved product VS, Metabical: Product and Marketing differentiation, 1st FDA approved, prescription drug for BMI 25-30. (Ex-10b-Mrktg Strategy). The launch of a product along with continuous communication management plays a very imp. role in deciding the success of the product. Metabical should also be launched with a Press release, massive advertising campaigns through various channels and...
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...concentrates on budgetary control only. This is because financial control was covered in detail in chapters one and two. Budgetary control is defined by the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants (CIMA) as: "The establishment of budgets relating the responsibilities of executives to the requirements of a policy, and the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results, either to secure by individual action the objective of that policy, or to provide a basis for its revision". Chapter objectives This chapter is intended to provide: marketing as a key marketing control technique An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of budgeting Structure of the chapter Of all business activities, budgeting is one of the most important and, therefore, requires detailed attention. The chapter looks at the concept of responsibility centres, and the advantages and disadvantages of budgetary control. It then goes on to look at the detail of budget construction and the use to which budgets can be put. Like all management tools, the chapter highlights the need for detailed information, if the technique is to be used to its fullest advantage. Budgetary control methods a) Budget: activities in a given period of time. -ordinate the activities of the organisation. An example would be an advertising budget or sales force budget. b) Budgetary control: can either exercise control action or revise the original budgets. Budgetary control and responsibility centres; These enable managers to...
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...International Journal of Finance and Accounting 2013, 2(7): 365-372 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijfa.20130207.04 Role of Pension Funds in Financial Intermediation Ondabu Ibrahim Tirimba Finance and Economics Department, PhD Candidate Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract This paper aimed at discussing the various roles that pensions play in financial intermediat ion. Descriptive research design was adopted with the population being all the available literature on the online web as pertaining pension funds and also financial intermed iation. Using key word characters, the search in itially identified 50 journals and after a tentative scrutiny, 37 journals were selected in a random sampling manner in o rder to give the birth of this discussion paper. The key objective of this article was to discuss the role of pension funds in financial intermed iation. A mong the roles identified in this paper were; provision of a mechanis m for pooling of funds and subdivision of shares, provision of ways to transfer economic resources, provision of ways to manage uncertainty and control risk, provision of ways to manage uncertainty and control risk, provision of pricing informat ion and the provision of ways to deal with incentive problems. This paper provides practical insights into the roles of pension in financial intermed iation and thus highlighting the key importance of such pension funds into the success of any economy. This paper is one of the very first...
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...Company’s Background American Apparel is a clothing manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer in the United State Found in1998 by Dov Charney under the name “Old American Apparel” The company started out as a wholesale business selling undecorated t-shirts, and after its successful, its expand to retailing business, open its first store in L.A in 2003, and expand more to Canada, Europe and Asia. And also h ave its own online retail store. It currently has more than 270 retailer stores in 20 countries. Its retail business offer products for men, women, children, babies and even household pet, targeting at all age. Its wholesale business consists of producing from undecorated apparel to military uniform. And company oftenly promote itself as “Made in the USA" and “Sweatshop Free” product. Company Strategy Vertical integration: In the past decades, it has become the norm amongst the majority of US apparel co mpanies to outsource their manufacturing operations abroad to third vendors. But American apparel ha s kept it local. it had made both backward and forward vertical integration as a central part of its strateg y. It bases its operation and manufacturing in this building 800,000 sq. ft. factory in downtown L.A. In t his building it does fabric cutting, sewing, knitting, dyeing , as well as distribution and wholesale operat ion. And it also does its own clothing design, marketing, and advertising, which often using its employee s as photographers and clothing models. As the...
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...Executive summary Prestigious and Luxury brands such as Gucci, Louis Vuitton and Vertu represent the uppermost level and form of craftsmanship. They demand and hindercustomer loyalty that is not affected by trends. These brands set seasonal trends and are capable of generating consumers, wherever they are established. In luxury marketing, there is a delicate relationship between 4 factors that most strongly influence the purchase of the luxury consumer. They are the exclusiveness of the brand, the reputation of the brand, forms of distribution and price/value affiliation. Exclusivity cannot always be ensured due to immense competition. But by consequence, it is not the key requirement of a luxury consumer. The consumer bases their purchasing decisions mainly on the aura of the brand and completion of their ‘actualization needs’. Therefore, aura of the brand is more important than exclusivity. A luxury consumer is always looking for newer ways to satisfy their inconsistent wants and needs. Therefore, it is important for Gucci, LV and Vertu irrespective of their exclusivity and geographical presence to research and give their consumers major importance, to be successful in the fashion or high-end market. This report will aim to discuss the key success factors of Gucci, LV and Vertu that have impacted on their brand image and exclusivity. Furthermore, it gives a detailed explanation supported with examples on how they achieve their elitism. It then discusses the problems...
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...The Changing Mathematics Curriculum: An Annotated Bibliography Third Edition April 2005 1 2 The K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center The K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center (K–12 MCC) supports school districts as they build effective mathematics education programs using curricula that align with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics’ (NCTM) Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) and Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (2000). The K–12 MCC offers a variety of products and services to assist mathematics teachers and administrators. Our seminars address selecting and implementing new curricula, designing professional development and support, aligning curriculum with assessment, and examining leadership in curricular change. Our other resources include: About This Publication This publication, an annotated bibliography of articles relevant to Standards-based mathematics curriculum reform, is intended as a resource for educators and communities considering the selection and implementation of a Standards-based mathematics curriculum. It also may assist individuals who are interested in learning about the student achievement, classroom practices, and implementation challenges associated with the use of Standards-based materials. When gathering resources for this publication, the K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center staff reviewed articles that either addressed important issues in mathematics curriculum change or shared experiences...
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...Letter of Submission Date: To The Head Department of Business Administration University Of Science And Technology Chittagong Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Sir, It is my pleasure to submit my Internship Report on “An Overview of General Banking and Foreign Exchange Mechanism of Bank Asia Limited, Khatungonj Branch, Chittagong” to you after completion of three months internship program with Bank Asia Ltd. I tried my best to gather relevant information for preparing a complete report. Without the sincere co-operation and proper guidance of you, it is not possible for me to prepare the report. For this act of kindness I am grateful to you. This report is not free from mistakes due to some limitations. I hope you accept it with gracious consideration. Sincerely Yours, ---------------------------- Signature KEYA DEBI ROLL NO 347 (Major in Finance) Department of Business Administration University Of Science And Technology Chittagong. TABLE OF CONTENTS Content----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Executive Summery -----------------------------------------------------------------2 Chapter 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Organization Overvie...
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...university campuses and covered over 200 students. Questions required both qualitative and quantitative responses that allowed us to answer our research objectives. * What industry are we in? * What are the current industry trends for e textbooks? Growth or decline? Products offered? Consumer targets? Advertising and promotions? * Who are the competitors and what is their target and marketing mix? * What is the consumer behavior of students with regard to buying textbooks and e-textbooks? How much are they spending? Where are they buying? What factors contribute to their decision to buy a textbook or not? * How likely are students to rent our e-textbooks? * Who should we target? * What are the advantages and disadvantages of our e-book service? * Would students find any use in being able to rent the textbook for a day? A week? Do they prefer having it for a...
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...Introduction There is no predefined definition of personal import. In general a personal import is a direct purchase of foreign goods from overseas mail order companies, retailers, manufacturers or by an individual for the purpose of personal use. The most common terms of purchase are as follows: * Consignment Purchase * Cash-in-Advance (Pre-Payment) * Down Payment * Open Account * Documentary Collections * Letters of Credit Consignment Purchase Consignment purchase terms can be the most beneficial method of payment for the importer. In this method of purchase, importer makes the payment only once the goods or imported items are sold to the end user. In case of no selling, the same item is returned to the foreign supplier. Consignment purchase is considered the most risky and time taking method of payment for the exporter. Cash-in-Advance (Pre-Payment) Cash in Advance is a pre-payment method in which, an importer the payment for the items to be imported in advance prior to the shipment of goods. The importer must trust that the supplier will ship the product on time and that the goods will be as advertised. Cash-in-Advance method of payment creates a lot of risk factors for the importers. However, this method of payment is inexpensive as it involves direct importer-exporter contact without commercial bank involvement. In international trade, Cash in Advance methods of payment is usually done when- * The Importer has not been long established...
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...International Trade As An Engine of Growth In Developing Countries: a Case Study of Nigeria (1980-2003) SECTION ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION A ll economies are increasingly open in today’s economic environment of globalization. Trade plays a vital role in shaping economic and social performance and prospects of countries around the world, especially those of developing countries. No country has grown without trade. However, the contribution of trade to development depends a great deal on the context in which it works and the objectives it serves. In recent decades, a number of developing countries, most notably the East Asian newly industrializing countries, have been able to purposefully use the elemental force of trade to boost growth and development within a relatively short time span. At the same time many other developing countries, especially the least developed countries (LDCs), have embarked on unilateral trade liberalization in recent years, with very limited results at best in terms of increased growth and development. To act as an engine of development, trade must lead to steady improvements in human conditions by expanding the range of people’s choice, a notion that the concept of human development 3 tries to capture. From this standpoint, the trade and development performance of a country cannot be seen as the mere sum of its economic growth and export performance. Instead, it is a composite notion, reflecting how trade relates to the range of choices available...
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...THEME The def of Tobruk proved that even in a terrain as the desert a skilful comd could hold his en in defensive operations. Wavell had applied the concept of offensive def to meet the German onslaught. On the other hand Rommel has been criticised for his reckless push, little car-ing for the requisite log sp which becomes even more crucial in the inhospitable desert terrain. Carry out an analysis of the battle of Tobruk bringing out the strs and weaknesses of Wavell's concept of def and causes of Rommel's failure. AIM To analyse the Battle of Tobruk (April - may 1941) highlighting the strs and weaknesses of Wavell's concept of def and reasons for Rommel’s failure. SCHEME OF PRESENTATION a. Background b. Imp of Tobruk c. Opposing forces d. Wavell's concept of def e. Strs and weaknesses of Wavell's concept. f. Cause of Rommel's failure. BATTLE OF TOBRUK (1941) Background 1. Between the summer of 1941 and that of 1942 the field of battle in the Libyan desert shifted to and fro with almost the regularity of a pendulum, or so it seemed. The extremes of the swing were from Mersa Brega in the west and Buq Buq to the east, except for the small stretch of Egyptian territory east of Sollum, the area between these two places covered the whole of Cyrenaica, the eastern province of Libya. 2. Although Tobruk itself, seventy miles west of the Egyptian frontier, is well to the east of the centre of this area, it remained the fulcrum about which the pendulum swung for...
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