PRIORITIES IN E-GOVERNANCE RESEARCH PAPER

SUBMITTED BY Lokesh Sharma Ankita Prasad

Contents Abstract 4 Introduction 4 Research Objective 8 Literature Review 9 Research Approach 10 Impact Assessment of various projects 11 Union Government MMPs 11 MCA21 11 Online Passport Services: 12 Online Income Tax 13 Pension 14 Banking 15 E-office 15 Central Excise 16 U.I.D 17 Insurance 17 State Government MMPs 18 Land Records 18 Road Transport 18 Agriculture 19 Police 19 Treasuries 19 Municipality 20 Commercial Taxes 21 Gram Panchayats 21 Employment Exchange 21 Integrated MMP 22 CSC 22 e-Courts 22 e-Trade 22 India Portal 23 National Service Delivery Gateway 23 e-Biz 23 e-Procurement 23 Prioritizing with respect to parameters 24 Conclusion 25 References 26

Abstract

e-Governance is the form of interaction between government and citizens ,businesses and other arms of government using information technology .These technology can help government is fulfilling various needs like improved interaction between business and industries ,better delivery of services to citizens ,improved interactions with business and industry ,better management of government .Politicians around the world are thriving hard to implement technology in a new ways so that new efficient, transparent and responsive delivery channels should be provided to public .Sometimes e governance fails as government is not able to decide priority for various projects as well as outcomes may not be desirable .This paper work on building model for prioritizing various e-governance projects in India so that success rate can be increased as proper planning can be done to implement those projects after analyzing all the risk which may be associated with particular project .
Introduction

Implementation of e-Governance is highly complex process which involves much process like hardware installation, software, network connection, process improvement and risk management. Under the patronage of NeGP (National e-governance Policy) which was formed in 2006, various steps were taken for implementation of the project .Components which forms the part of the project is –
1) Common Support Infrastructure – NeGP involves infrastructure improvements like setting up of IT structure which includes State Wide Area Networks (SWANs) , State Data Centers ,Common Service Centers and electronic service delivery gateways .
2) Governance - Suitable arrangements for monitoring and coordinating the implementation of NeGP under the direction of the competent authorities have also been substantially put in place. The program also involves evolving/ laying down standards and policy guidelines, providing technical support, undertaking capacity building, R&D, etc. DIT is required to adequately strengthen itself and various institutions like NIC, STQC, CDAC, NISG, etc., to play these roles effectively.
3) Centralized Initiative –e-governance is established as a central initiative to make optimum use of infrastructure, to increase the inter operatibilty of various e-governance function as well as to make services more public centric as the vision of this project is to provide better and transparent services to people.
4)Public Private Partnership –It is needed where there is need for more investment without undergoing low quality process .All the security aspect and parameters will remain same for both private and public sector companies who collaborate for the smooth implementation of the project .
5) DIT as facilitator –Department of telecom provides technical support as well as act as facilitator for implementation of various projects .Various pilot project testing, change management and process engineering has been carried out by DIT with the fund allocation from Department of finance.
6) Ownership –It is the onus of the various ministry to take responsibility for success implementation of various projects under their purview. All the projects should be suitably aligned with the objectives of NeGP.
Different mission mode projects conceptualized under NeGP with status are given below – Table 1: Mission Mode Projects –Central Government | S.no | Mission Mode Project | Department | Status | 1 | Income Tax | Ministry of Finance/Central Board of Direct Taxes | Post Implementation | | | | | 2 | Passport Visa & Immigration | Ministry of External Affairs/Ministry of Home Affairs | Post Implementation | | | | | 3 | MCA21 | Ministry of Corporate Affairs | Post Implementation | | | | | 4 | Insurance | Department of Banking | Post Implementation | | | | | 5 | National Citizen Database | Ministry of Home Affairs/Registrar General of India (RGI) | Partial Implementation | | | | | 6 | Central Excise | Department of Revenue/Central Board of Excise & Customs | Post Implementation | | | | | 7 | Pensions | Department of Pensions & Pensioners Welfare and Department of Expenditure | Post Implementation | | | | | 8 | Banking | Department of Banking | Post Implementation | | | | | 9 | e-Office | Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances | Partial Implementation |

Table 2 : Mission Mode Projects-State Government | S.no. | Mission Mode Project | Department | Status | 1 | Land Records | Ministry of Rural Development | Under Implementation | | | | | 2 | Road Transport | Ministry of Road Transport & Highways | Post Implementation | | | | | 3 | Property Registration | Department of Land Resources/Department of Information Technology | Under Implementation | | | | | 4 | Agriculture | Department of Agriculture & Cooperation | Under Implementation | | | | | 5 | Treasuries | Ministry of Finance | Under Implementation | | | | | 6 | Municipalities | Ministry of Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation | Under Implementation | | | | | 7 | Gram Panchayats | Ministry of Panchayati Raj | Under Implementation | | | | | 8 | Commercial Taxes | Ministry of Finance | Under Implementation | | | | | 9 | Police (UTs initially) | Ministry of Home Affairs | Under Implementation | | | | | 10 | Employment Exchanges | Ministry of Labour & Employment | Design and Development | | | | | 11 | E District | Department of Information Technology | Under Implementation |

Table 3: Mission Mode Project –Integrated Services | S.no | Mission Model project | Department | Status | 1 | EDI (E-Commerce) | Ministry of Commerce & Industry/ Department of Commerce | Under Implementation | | | | | 2 | E-Biz | Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion / Department of Information Technology | Under Implementation | | | | | 3 | Common Services Centers | Department of Information Technology | Under Implementation | | | | | 4 | India Portal | Department of Information Technology and Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances | Post Implementation | | | | | 5 | EG Gateway | Department of Information Technology | Post Implementation | | | | | 6 | E-Courts | Department of Justice, Ministry of Home Affairs | Under Implementation | | | | | 7 | E-Procurement | Ministry of Commerce & Industry/ DGS&D | Under Implementation |

Certain key components have been identified for effective implementation of the project which will help in setting up core infrastructure, will help in formulating legal framework and will coordinate with private partners to channelize private sector technical and financial resources into the National e-governance efforts .These are listed below -

Table 4:NeGP Support Category Components | S.no | Support Components | Department | 1 | Core Policies | Department of Information Technology | | | | 2 | Core Infrastructure | Department of Information Technology | | | | 3 | Support Infrastructure | Department of Information Technology | | | | 4 | Technical Assistance | Department of Information Technology | | | | 5 | R&D | Department of Information Technology | | | | 6 | Human Resource Development | Department of Information Technology and Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances | | | | 7 | Awareness & Assessment | Department of Information Technology and Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances | | | | 8 | Organization structures | Department of Information Technology and Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances |

Research Objective

The purpose of this research is to build framework which can be used by various government agencies to prioritize e-governance implementation so that it would be easy to access the impact of each e-governance initiatives.

Literature Review

The review of literature unravels two most important trends which are related to the implementation of e-governance .There are four stages in final implementation of e-governance project .Some other literature emphasizes on the post facto evaluation on the success of various e-government projects. Gartner (2000) focused on four phases which forms the part of project implementation .These phases include information, interaction, transaction and transformation respectively. In each phase, delivery of services serves various aspects of e-governance. Karen Layne(2001) came up with different stages which are cataloguing ,transaction ,vertical integration and horizontal integration .World Bank developed new concept according to which evolutionary stage of e-governance lies in one of the four quadrant where on axis is related to service delivery capacity while other axis is related to process integration .The four quadrant can be moving online ,channel integration ,service integration and process integration .Various evaluation framework has been developed for various e-governance initiatives by various authors .Gupta(2002) analyzed various processes and proposed various evaluation criteria which can be divided into soft and hard measures .Hard measures include cost benefit analysis and benchmark in e-governance while soft measures include scoring method ,stages of e-governance and sociological angle .Another framework was developed which includes various evaluation criteria like success in achieving stated purpose and objectives ,technology platform used for the project, sustainability and cost effectiveness in terms of return on investment ,cost per transaction and replicability (Ramnath,2004).US Office of Management and Budgets (2006) focused on adoption on participation from the consumer perspective which can be evaluated by contribution of each individual in information and involvement in government processes .Usage is another important factor for assessment of projects which can be measured by level of use of services by customer ,customer satisfaction and satisfaction of end user with various services .Waseda University of Japan (2007) proposed new evaluation criteria which include various parameters like network preparedness ,required network interface functioning applications ,management optimization with administrative and budgetary systems .Based on the various evaluation framework ,there is discrepancy in the study of various e-governance initiatives impact on the national development .There are various shortcomings which can be linked to missed deadlines ,over cost estimation ,unwillingness from the government side to implement it ,no proper training planning with incomprehensive technologies .Several organization like pacific Council of International Policy has done laudatory work for alleviating these deficiency by further analyzing reasons for shortcoming and proposing changes which need to be inculcated in the final implementation of the project .PCIP developed questionnaire for e-governance planners .They are listed below I the table –

Table 4:PCIP’s questionnaire for e-Governance project planners | 1. Why we are pursuing e-governance? | (1 | 2. Do we have clear vision and priorities for e-governance? | | 3. What kind of e-governance we are ready for? | | 4 .Is there enough political will to lead the e-government efforts? | | 5. Are we selecting e-government projects in the best way? | | 6. How should we plan and manage e-governance projects? | | 7. How we will overcome resistance within the government? | | 8. How we will measure and communicate progress? | | 9. What should be the relationship with the private sector? | | 10. How can e-governance improve citizen participation in public affairs ? |

Research Approach

It has been observed in the previous section that e-governance initiative can be categorized into four quadrants and implementing agency has to decide whether to implement the project to stage1 or stage4.In addition to this, these initiatives can be prioritized base on sector which can be decided on various factors .The aim of this research is to look into the various factors and analyze the impact of these factors on the final stage. Broadly, parameters can be divided into three main groups .Details are provided into the following chart –

Table5:List of Parameters | Citizen Perspective Parameters | Organization Perspective Parameters | Stage Costing Parameters | Use of the facility | Process Reengineering in Department | Infrastructure | | | | Impact on Consumers | Workload Increase | Skills required | | | | Procedural Issues | Potential Revenue Growth | Present Initiatives | | | | Lack of expertise | Potential Revenue Loss | Back end system | | | | Corruption prevalent | Complaints received | | | | | Comfort level of Consumer | | | | | | Security Concern | | | | | | | | |

Impact Assessment of various projects

Union Government MMPs

MCA21

This project is in the post implementation stage .It was developed to provide various facilities to companies who are registered under Companies Act for various activities like name allotment, tracking of various funds, annual compulsory return filing ,incorporation of new industries ,filing for changes in the address or name ,investor grievances redressal mechanism .It was implemented in 2006 in Coimbatore and then implemented in various parts of country .Its major achievements are registration of 280000 companies with 14 lakhs users viewing document on its website .93% of the total filing of various document has been done through this project .It has 40 lakh hit per day and 102 lakh document has been filed through this platform till now .The current benefits of this scheme are –

The various outcomes of this Project are –
1) MCA21 has high impact on citizens as number of trips and each person has one trip reduction.
2) The payment of bribery has been reduced from 20 percent to 5 percent
3) There is significant improvement in quality of government services.
4) There are problem realted to incompability of software as well as realted to size of file which can be added
5) There is limited number of certified banks for payment with slow website which creates problem.

Online Passport Services:

The passport and visa MMP are implemented which has reduced the number of days it takes to obtain pass .The services which are included in its ambit are passport re-issue ,duplicate passport, tatkal passport and passport status enquiry .There is increase in number of people going abroad due to economic liberalization ,international trade and increase in purchasing power of the people .Due to online passport number of application for passport has increased 75% than in 2006 .All the passport office in India has now been connected with online passport facility .The project kick started with gathering all data and creating infrastructure and providing proper training to various employees .77 Passport Seva Kendra has been established with call center which operates in all regional language of India The various benefits of this scheme are –
1) With the help of this project, number of days has decreased from 45 to 3 days .This has also resulted in decreasing the number of processing days needed for single passport.
2) This service has assisted both government and citizens by saving time ,money and efforts which has created anger and frustration among public for the delay in delivery of passport services .Now, document uploading ,appointment fixing and application submission in the portal.
3)Corruption has been reduced as verification process has become more transparent and less time consuming as information about the individual can be uploaded easily in the portal .

The various outcome of this project are –
1) Number of trips has been marginally reduced and there is no drastic change as compared to other e-government initiatives.
2) Back end process is still inefficient and there is less reduction in waiting time overall with old process still followed.
3) Bribery is still high as police verification is still required in this case.
4) Individual thinks that there is not much change in quality as they have expected after implementation of the scheme.

Online Income Tax:

Income tax MMP has been set up with the objective of providing facility to business for transact easily with government .The project has been managed by various agencies jointly like Central Board of direct taxes .It offers various services like online return filing ,TDS return ,tax return ,taxpayer correspondence ,tax compliance as well as PAN card allocation .It has benefited citizens as they are easily able to have transaction with Income tax department with minimal interruption .Income tax department is also part of the beneficiary as there is surge in number of people filing tax return due to transparent and smooth process .It has been made mandatory for various organization to file TDR online so that tax avoidance can be stopped .The various accomplishments of this project are –

1) Individuals have not benefitted too much as compared to corporates who have availed various facilities provided by this project.
2) There is reduction in waiting time around one-third as well as there is reduction in time taken by process from 10 to 6 days.
3) Individuals reported that there is marginal reduction in bribery paid to income tax officials.
4) There is requirement of depositing e-copy for the acknowledgement process which kames the process cumbersome and lowers down the benefits of using online system for income tax filing.

Pension:

The Pensioners’ portal launched in March 2007 provides updated information on government pension rules and regulations; helps facilitating registration of pensioners’ grievances; enables monitoring timely sanction of pension/gratuity; maintains a database of Pensioners and providing links to the websites of the Directorates of Pensions and the AGs of various States. The various benefits of this portal are –
1) It provides information related to pension schemes of Indian Government as well as guidance to pensioners about the retirement related benefits.
2) This portal also has facility for grievance registration related to pensions, database of pensioners in India as well as link to various websites of various states pension department.
3) There are various forms available online for reassessment of pension, nomination for the pension and other pension related benefits.
4) There are 600000 pensioners registered with this portal in the present scenario.

Banking:
The MMP in the case of banking is needed to streamline the various initiatives taken by various banks in India .Finance department will look after the framework and guidelines for implementation of the project .There are three components in the implementation of banking which includes electronic Central Registry ,One India Account for public Sector Banks and electronic mass payment .Third initiative for the mass payment has been taken up by the banks individually and has been completed to large extend by all banks .Integration of core banking solutions is the priority of government which can be achieved by one account for public banks and government is focusing on implementation of that concept .The main outcome of this project are –

1) There is less financial inclusion in India due to which only 7% of the people are using online transaction facilities of Bank in India.
2) People still prefer visit to bank for their transactions as compared to online as there is security threat which people perceive related to online banking.

E-office:

This MMP was launched by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances with the objective of developing integrated system of file and record management .It will lead to paperless office as most of the things will be converted to online or automated system like digital signature, flexible workflows and rule based file routing .Software development has been undertaken by National Informatics Centre in 2009 and implemented as pilot project in three ministry including Ministry of IT ,Ministry of Personnel and Ministry of Electronics .Till 2012 it has been implemented in 12 offices and government is planning to implement in all departments till 2016.The various benefits of this project are

The various challenges in e-office implementation are –
1) There is lack of interoperability in this case because of lack of coordination in various departments.
2) Employees of the various departments do not have awareness about e-governance projects so there is need to change their mindset by proper counseling and providing them required skills.
3) There is poor planning in case of such projects which hampers the growth of other projects as these projects form the core part of many other projects .

Central Excise

Central Excise and Customs (CBEC ) is implementing it with the view of providing various facilities to traders and industrialists like Simplification of registration, returns, revenue reconciliation and exports procedures ,movement towards integration of goods and service taxation, e-Registration for excise and service tax ,e-filing of returns and refunds ,integration of e-filing with system driven, risk-based scrutiny, export facilitation through linkages between Excise and Customs, improved dispute resolution mechanism, monitoring of arrears and their recovery ,and central Excise Revenue reconciliation. The project aim t\is to cover up 20,000 users in 245 cities of India and provide all information to traders related to central Excise, excise processes, Service tax laws over internet.

U.I.D

The Unique Identification project has been conceived as an initiative which will provide identification to each individual .It will be used to efficiently deliver services to the people and will act as important tool in monitoring various schemes implemented by the government for the upliftment of the people .it was worked upon in year 2006 and in the same year approval was provided for its implementation .Unique Identification Authority of India was constituted for collation for two schemes namely National Population Register and Unique Identification number .It was responsible for implementation of the scheme as well as it the onus of UIDAI to lay down policy with operation and maintenance of the database .National Population Register is register of all citizens of country which include information about each block, tehsil and district of India .It will be the responsibility of each individual to register itself on this register to avail various schemes provided by Indian government .The various challenges in the implementation of this project are –
1) Verification of UIDAI will be major issue as many of the people will have registered with fake name to avail various facilities provided by the government.
2) There will be multiple authentication method which will create integration problem in the process.
3) Security and threat risk will be associated with this card until and unless secure method is not used for identification of people.
4) There will be major architectural challenges as it uses cloud computing technology for storage of data.

Insurance

This MMP has been conceived as a step to provide improved services to the general insurance sector .The various objective of this project are facilitate services through various platform ,processing of various claims at faster speed ,online issuance of various policies to the customer on their demand ,creating more business opportunities for insurance sector as more people will take insurance service ,providing database of various customers ,integrating it with other government database to know about various social parameters and to work on loopholes which needs to be corrected .This project is in conceptualization stage in present scenario

State Government MMPs

Land Records

This project is pertaining to pre-NEGP phase and it covers computerization of land records .It forms the part of rural Development Ministry .Department has launched two schemes earlier too which later become part of this initiative .These schemes are implemented in 13 states .The main objective of this scheme is to provide information related to land to each individual farmer as well as to maintain these records for longer time .Land records include many things like register of land ,right records ,crop inspection register ,dispute cases register etc. This scheme is in implementation stage and it was approved in 2008 .It also include information regarding soil of land, shape and size of the land .Bhoomi project is launched in the state od Karnataka for computerization of land records .This project will accomplish following aspects –
1) Completion of data entry related to digitization.
2) Records of Rights need to be computerized.
3) Enabling web access to each individual who possess land in village.
The various outcome of the project are –
1) There is reduction in trip from the average of 4.0 to 2.3.
2) There is also reduction in waiting time as well as elapsed time as people have to wait two hours less as compared to manual system.
3) There is not much improvement in bribery as people still have to pay bribery even after implementation of computerization.

Road Transport

This MMP will offer many services and some of its component are under implementation .The main aim of this MMP provide unique vehicle registration, driving license and smart registration certificate all around India by connecting all RTO to central server .There are total 763 RTO office in India out of which 486 has started offering vehicle registration service online while 480 are offering services related to license issue and renewal. Total six states have started working on smart registration. The major outcomes of this project are
1) Number of trips has been reduced by one as observed in 12 states where this scheme is implemented.
2) There is reduction in half an hour of waiting time .Earlier waiting time was two hours.
3) There is not much reduction in bribery as out of 12 states only one state has shown positive response against bribery.
4) There is not much difference between the previous elapsed time and new elapsed time .

Agriculture

The main aim of this MMP is to provide farmers information related to market trends, agriculture, farm practices and technical knowhow and other related services. The pre-NeGP has two components which are named as AGRISNET and AGMARKNET .The purpose of AGMARKNET was to provide information to individual farmers related to agricultural produce markets .It date 2500 mandis has been computerized and they provide information regarding prices and arrival of various commodities so that shortage is not created in them market .The aim of other component was computerization of State Agriculture Department with some districts which will act as facilitator for previous scheme .The phase two of this scheme has been assigned to NeGP and project has been moving rom design and development stage to the various schemes separation which forms the vital part of this project .

Police

This MMP has been included in the NeGP as there so many terrorist strikes in our country and crime graph of each state is increasing at faster rate .It will include various features like crime record sharing and creation by various state agencies across departments .Tis has many phases in which first phase target functions which are common in various state for easy implementation of the project. Under this project more than 1200 police stations need to be computerized .This MMP has been included as Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and System in Eleventh Plan

Treasuries

This process involves computerization of treasuries so that common standard can be maintained in whole state for seamless integration and participation of various agencies .The main of this MMP is to facilitate transparency by linking various systems of the whole country will common data center. Services which will be the part of this project are budgeting, accounting, personal as well as payroll management with challans, cheques, bank interface and fund management. This project is in implementation phase. Khajane project has been launched by state of Karnataka for integrating all treasuries .The various outcome of this project are –
1) Number of trips for end users has decreased by one for end users by computerization and integration of all treasuries.
2) There is saving in waiting time by 41.2 minutes due to this project .So, lot of time has been saved in this implementation .
3) There is not much difference in perception of end user realted to bride .They need to pay same bride they used to pay earlier.

Municipality

The MMP focuses on providing more services to residents of various urban local bodies .This project has been made part of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission for 35 cities with the population above 10 lakh .MMP was approved in the year 2007 .Eight services delivered by urban local bodies has been identified to be the part of this project. This project works on delivering high amount of services to citizens through various CSC .This project is presently in design and development stage. Identification of vendor has been done in various states for digitization of data .The project targets high volume services which are not targeted by other agencies .The core services which will be offered under this project are public distribution system ,government dues and recovery ,grievance cell and there are other options out of which five government can adopt to implement in e-district project with in their state .It has complex implementation strategy as it require to establish various features like SWAN ,SDC,CSC and NSDG .The entire project will be implemented into two phases in which first phase will be for pilot districts and second phase will be for national roll out . 16 civic centers of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation implemented three schemes mainly annual collection of property tax as well as online provisioning of death and birth certificate .The outcome of this project are-
1) Number of trips has been reduced by 40% by this project.
2) There is reduction in waiting time by 15 minutes.
3) There is rise in perception of service quality in the mind of consumers.
4) There is decrease in bribery payment by this project implementation.

Commercial Taxes

This MMP which aims at providing various services to commercial tax payers will be implemented after having consultation process between various states government and central government. There is need for trader’s side to stabilize standards related to VAT implementation through citizen oriented processes .It is very important for various states as it will help state to establish itself as business destination by making itself more attractive for businessman by implementing features which will be beneficial for them .Some of the key features of this project are electronic filing of returns ,tax payment ,clearance of various refunds electronically ,on line dealer ledger ,online issuance of various forms and facility for traders to get online information for the various services and rules .E-seva scheme has been launched by the government at 275 locations in 190 towns .The outcome are positive in this case as it has laid to reduction in bribery,waiting time as well as elapsed time

Gram Panchayats

Panchayats forms the level of interaction with the 60% population of our country and there need to implement project which can provide them facility of overcome various challenges like reliable infrastructure ,low mobilization of revenue to gram panchayat by state authority ,delivery of various services and lack of monitoring of various schemes implemented by government for rural India .It will provide features to rural India like NOC for various activities ,house realted services ,birth and death certificate ,implementation of panchayat agenda ,voting and resolution and issuance of various BPL cards for availing various facilities offered by government to poor people .Project is under design and development stage with identification of core steps .

Employment Exchange

This MMP of the Ministry of Labour aims at providing e-services to employment seekers and employers. The process of engaging the services of a consultant for preparation of the Detailed Project Report has commenced and the techno-commercial proposal of the Consultant is being vetted. National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) has identified Modernization and up gradation of Employment Exchanges to help in providing speedy and easy access to Employment Service related information to job seekers and employers. Key Objectives of this MMP include collection and dissemination information on employment and training, creation of easy and speedy access to services of employment exchanges for all the stakeholders, providing relevant employment counseling, assessment of capabilities and vocational guidance services to job seekers and providing accurate and quality Labour Market Information for planning and decision making in a timely manner. Five states have been selected as the pilot project for implementation of this scheme.

Integrated MMP

CSC

This is part of core and support infrastructure of NeGP .These services will offer various e-governance services to the people .Service Centre Agency has been selected for implementation of this project. This scheme has been approved by Government of India in 2006 for setting up 100000 internet enabled centers with public private partnership mode .This is envisaged to be bottom up model for delivery of various services ,information and knowledge and it will be helpful for both government and private sector to attain both social and profit motives simultaneously. It will act as sustainable business model for private companies to foray itself in rural India. There are around 100000 CSC roll out in various parts of country till now. Connectivity for this purpose will be provided through various means like GPRS ,VSAT connectivity and BSNL network connectivity .In some states CSC plays an important role as they provide MIS and various service delivery for different ministry .It will be helpful further in getting data for .National Population Register .

e-Courts

The main aim of this MMP is to improve provisioning of judiciary services to citizens of India .The first phase of the project was related to computerization which has been done in various states of India and second stage is realted to providing services which are realted to providing copies of judgment, staggered cost list, e-fling of various cases, video conferencing of outstation witness and issue of notice to the clients through mails .SWAN will plan all network implementation strategy .Pilot implementation will be conducted at various courts like Cochin,Gwalior,Dehradun and Nagaland .The main objective of this project is to ensure make justice delivery fast and transparent by enhancing judiciary productivity in both qualitative and quantitative ways .

e-Trade

This MMP has been started to help foreign companies in their transaction in India .It will help in effective and efficient truncating business in foreign trade .There are various community partners of the project like Container Corporation Of India, Ports, Airports and DGFT while Department of Commerce is the final facilitating agency for this project .It will offer various services like e-delivery of various services on 24/7 basis by various foreign trade agencies-clearance of export or import documents by various agencies like customer ,agents and it will also facilitate electronic exchange of documents between various agencies .It will also develop process for electronic payment of various services .

India Portal

This MMP is in post-implementation phase and the main objective of this MMP is to provide various information to citizens of India of the government policies at all level and in a manner which could be easily understood by each individual by implementing it in multi-language platform. Total 35 state ministries and 63 central ministries are involved in the implementation of this project. It was launched in 2005 and it qualifies all web standards with all testing and quality certifications needed for it. The information in the portal provides holistic view to the views as it has different modules which are interlinked together. It’s the responsibility of National Portal Coordinators to maintain, coordinate and compile all features in India Portal

National Service Delivery Gateway

The main purpose of this MMP is to make various services available to the common man by opening outlets or offices in their locality so that there is minimum problem to common man in reaching various offices with cost saving .The most important aspect of this project is coordination among various agencies which is very difficult as government network is more heterogeneous and it spreads over larger area with various type of automation which is difficult to integrate .NSDG will act as standard medium which will help in integrating all services by standard message switch and by providing data exchange between various agencies .The various objective of this scheme are to provide interoperability to various e-governance initiatives taken by the various state governments ,to evolve gateway which can act as messenger for integrating all services and to reduce the e-governance cost by the process of rationalizing and optimizing resources to the best level .

e-Biz

This MMP is under conceptualization and the main objective of this MMP is to offer integrated platform for various services to the traders to stare level and central level .It has been devised by Department of Industry and Promotion and it will be useful in providing Government to Business e-governance aspect to the various business identities .It aims at providing single window clearance to the businessman for all the regulatory compliance process ,better coordination between government and business agencies .All stakeholders including businessman ,regulatory authority ,government ,financial institutes and banks will be the beneficiary of this scheme .

e-Procurement

The main aim of this project is to start procurement which will be IT enabled by Government Departments .It is in conceptualization stage and scope document has been prepared by the Ministry of Commerce .It will make government procurement simple ,transparent as well as automatic manageable as it will be monitored automatically by the IT enabled software .The various objective of this project are to provide solution which is integrated and reduces time, cost and enhances transparency in government procurement which will reduce prevailing corruption .It will involve all process from tender preparation ,bidding ,bid evaluation and finally the allocation of the project to the particular party .Government of Karnataka has launched this scheme in year 2006 for procurement of material for various state departments .

Prioritizing with respect to parameters

Most of the central government projects are in post implementation phase and their impact has been accessed for the future growth or technological up gradation which will happen in this field .There are various outcomes which are discussed with each MMP and government should focus on solving each issue to fulfill its objective of transparency and bridging the gap between citizens and government .Priorities in implementation of the integrated services with central government and state government need to be considered for implementation of various projects – Table5:Priorities with respect to parameters | MMP | Corruption | Process Improvement | Return | | | | | Land Records | It will reduce corruption as corruption is prevalent to maximum level | It will reduce the waiting time by 2 days as computerized data will be available easily | It has led to increase in revenue by 20% due to computerization and decrease in number of cases of tax evasion which can be judged by Bhoomi project implement in Karnataka | Municipality | This facility also have high level of interaction with citizens but less as compared to rural people so corruption level is decreased | Number of trips has been reduced by one day in this case. | It has led to rise of number of people registering for house tax as well as other certificate which has resulted in increase of revenue by 10% as in the case of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. | Online Income Tax | It caters to the bulk population of India which is employed but the corruption level is low as compared to above mentioned scheme | Number of trips has been reduced while waiting time reducing from 10 to 6 days | There is rise in tax collection by 8% due to the implementation of this scheme as more people have started filing their online return | MCA21 | This will stop high level of corruption involved in the government and businessmen interaction.It priority is less as it caters only to businessman which are less compared to citizens | It has reduced waiting time by 2 days with 14 lakh registered users | There is rise in revenue of government as transparent process has been provided to the businessman to register themselves by paying fee online and in this way increasing government revenue | U.I.D | This is another project which government should focus for implementation in whole country at fast pace .It will indirectly reduce corruption by decreasing bogus people who avail government facilities as it makes mandatory everyone to have identity card to be beneficiary of government policy . | It will help in making process smooth and transparent as well as in identification of middleman who used to exploit people .So; waiting time will reduce as there will be common identity card for various services. | There will be not much rise in government revenue but it will lead to efficient utilization of resources with reduction in pilferage which indirectly decrease the government expenditure for various schemes . |

Conclusion

E-governance is going to play an vital part in the development of our country .The vision of various MMP are to establish transparent system for citizens with less hassles compared to previous system .This objective can be implemented if the government learn from the problems which it faces in implementation of the various projects. There are challenges both from the front end as well from the back end. Front end issue are related to illiteracy and unawareness of the citizens while front end issues are related to reluctance of various employees in changing the old system as their responsibilities will increase after implementation of the new system .Priority needed to be decided for implementation of the various projects as it will be easy for government for financial allocation and to judge the impact of the projects in phased manner .There are various parameters which play important role for citizens like trip time ,reduction in waiting time and elapsed time which need to be considered while deciding priority for particular project implementation .

References

[1] R. Heeks. (2008, May 8). Success and failure in e-Government projects. Available: http://www.egov4dev.org/success/index.shtml
[2] R. Basant, S. Commander, R. Harrison, and N. Menezes-Filho, “ICT adoption and productivity in developing countries: New firm level evidence from Brazil and India," IZA Discussion Paper No 2294, Germany, Sep. 2006.
[3] “World public sector report 2003: E-government at the crossroads ”United Nations, New York, 2003.
[4] “Information and communication technologies: A World Bank Group strategy,” World Bank Group, 2002.
[5] Bhatnagar Subhash (2004), “E-government from vision to implementation”, Sage publications, New Delhi.
[6] Gupta Pyush and Bagga R. K., “Compendium of e-Governance Initiatives in India”, Universities Press, Hyderabad.
[7] Datar Mohan,”Determining Priorities of e-governance: A model building approach, “Computer Society of India, Delhi.