...discussion of the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development as well as the role of sustainability in the relationship Introduction: The origin and development on theory As early as the 17th century, the French term "entreprendre "appeared in economics, which evolved into "entrepreneur" as commonly used (Dees,1998). The concept of entrepreneur keeps on developing and varies with the development of socio-economics. Richard Cantillon published his in 1775 “Essay on the Nature of Trade in General" (Murphy,1986). Since then, entrepreneurship was given a definition in the perspective of behavior, including decision-making, sound judgment, supervision of production, innovation, and resource reallocation (Herron, 1993). The new definition of the "entrepreneur" credited by French economists was put by Jean Baptiste in the 19th century "the entrepreneur shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and greater yield". In this time, entrepreneurship was given the meaning of "creating values"(Dees, 1998). In 1911, “entrepreneur as innovator” was put forward by Schumpeter. In his theory, entrepreneurship nearly the same as innovation is thought to be a critical factor in the promotion of economic development. This theory was unceasingly completed by Schumpeter. Through the process of “disruptive innovation” (Schumpeter, 1942), entrepreneurs create economic opportunities and obtain economic benefits by causing a series of...
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...Sustainable entrepreneurship, a field to emerge or not to emerge? Can this contribute to a sustainable future? Introduction Given the current global economic climate and despite its oppressive nature, many scholars have risen and pounced on the consequent opportunities available by taking an interest in the field of sustainable entrepreneurship. Research on sustainable entrepreneurial opportunities is still in its infant topic, which leaves researchers with a lengthy way to explore on this emerging field, but at the same time, it limits the research for this paper. “Sustainable development is a concept that describes the social goal of improving and maintaining human wellbeing over a long-term time horizon within the critical limits of life-sustaining ecosystems”(UN Conference on the Human Environment, 1972). While on the other hand, entrepreneurship is a scholarly field that “seeks to understand how opportunities to bring into existence future goods and services are discovered, created and exploited, by whom and with what consequences. (Venkataraman, 1997). But what if we combine both concepts? Is it possible to combine the profit and social and environmental orientation in one company? (Gawell, 2012) The aim of this paper will be to explore the different definitions form the scholars that have done research this field and also to see how the need of sustainable entrepreneurship has emerged in the last decade as one of the solutions for this unsustainable world. This paper...
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...Journal of Sustainable Development Studies ISSN 2201-4268 Volume 2 (2013), Number 2, 197-215 Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria Oyelola, O. T. Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, Yaba College of Technology, P.M.B 2011, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria Ajiboshin, I. O. Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, Yaba College of Technology, P.M.B 2011, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria Raimi, L. (Corresponding author) Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, Yaba College of Technology, P.M.B 2011, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria Raheem, S. Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, Yaba College of Technology, P.M.B 2011, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria Igwe, .C. N. Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, Yaba College of Technology, P.M.B 2011, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract. This paper underscores the importance of entrepreneurship as a realistic mechanism for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria considering the experiences of developed nations like the United States and vibrant economies like China and India. The paper discusses that entrepreneurship has been instrumental in economic growth, balanced regional development and job creation in most dynamic economies, where technology is changing at a faster rate and the product lifetime cycle is shrinking. The methodology adopted in this paper is the narrative-textual case study (NTCS); it is a social science research method that relies on the information and data from several sources for problem-solving or problem-identification. The paper...
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...“INVENTION AND INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” Report of a workshop sponsored by the Lemelson-MIT Program and LEAD International, London, November 2003 THE LEMELSON-MIT PROGRAM School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 Workshop Participants ____________________________ Julia Marton-Lefèvre, Chair, LEAD International, UK Merton C. Flemings, Vice-Chair, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Evan I. Schwartz, Rapporteur, Author and Independent Journalist, USA Shereen El Feki, The Economist, UK David Grimshaw, Intermediate Technology Development Group, UK Pamela Hartigan, Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Switzerland Ashok Khosla, Development Alternatives, India Ehsan Masood, LEAD International, UK Penelope Mawson, LEAD International, UK Nick Moon, ApproTEC, Kenya Adil Najam, Fletcher School, Tufts University, USA Julia Novy-Hildesley, Lemelson Foundation, USA Anna Richell, Design Council, UK Ammon Salter, Imperial College London, UK Eugenio de Motta Singer, ERM, Brazil Rory Stear, Freeplay Energy Corp., UK Zhang Lubiao, Institute of Agricultural Economics, China 2 Foreword This draft document comprises Recommendations and a Summary of the discussion from a workshop held at the secretariat of LEAD International in London in November 2003, as part of a larger study on invention and inventiveness. The study will culminate in an “Invention Assembly” in Washington D.C. in April 2004. The study is supported by the Lemelson-MIT...
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...WOTRO Science for Global Development Food & Business Applied Research Fund (ARF) Second Call for Proposals 2014/2015 Valid for Round 3: 19 January - 12 May 2015 The Hague, - January 2015 Contents 1 5 Validity of the call for proposals 5 Aim and objectives 6 Foci 7 2.3 Target groups Guidelines for applicants 9 3.1 Who can apply 9 3.2 What can be applied for 10 3.3 When can applications be submitted 11 3.4 Preparing an application 11 3.5 Impact pathways, monitoring & evaluation 11 3.6 Knowledge sharing with the Food & Business Knowledge Platform 12 3.7 Submitting an application 12 3.8 General regulations and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) 4.1 Procedure 4.2 6 Available budget 1.3 2.2 5 3 2.1 4 Background 1.2 3 3 1.1 2 Introduction Criteria 15 4.3 Governance of the Programme 16 5.1 Contact 6.1 General instructions for applicants 19 6.2 Specific instructions for applicants 19 6.3 Multi-Annual Strategic Plans of the embassies 26 6.4 M&E matrix of the Applied Research Fund 27 Aim Assessment procedure Other information Annexes 6 8 13 14 14 18 18 19 Chapter 1: Introduction / Food & Business Applied Research Fund (ARF) 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The Food & Business Applied Research Fund (ARF) is a subsidy scheme of ...
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...Research Paper 5/2/2013 The Role of Entrepreneurial Class in Economic Development of LDCs The Role of Entrepreneurial Class in Economic Development of LDCs Table of Contents Page Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2 I. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….3 Statement of Problem……………………………………………………………………………..3 Objectives of study……………………………………………………………………………….…4 Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………………….……4 Limitations………………………………………………………………………………………….……5 II. Literature Review…………………………………………………………….....5 III. Methodology…………………………………………………………………......6 IV. Results and Analysis……………………………………………………………..9 V. Summary and Conclusions……………………………………………………..12 Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………………13 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………………14 References……………………………………………………………………………………………….15 Abstract The uncertain global economic recovery and the worsening Eurozone crisis continue to undermine those factors that enabled the least developed countries (LDCs) as a group to attain higher growth rates between 2002 and 2008. Despite seeing real gross domestic product (GDP) grow slightly faster in 2010, the group as a whole performed less favorably in 2011, signaling challenges ahead. LDCs have been most affected by financial crises caused by other countries. With less diversified economies, LDCs have...
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...menv i n n o va i n f o r m at i o n vi 2008:23 research on women´s entrepreneurshp A presentation of the ten projects funded by the programme Title: Research on Women´s Entrepreneurship - A presentation of the ten projects funded by the programme Series: VINNOVA Information VI 2008:23 ISSN: 1650-3120 Published: December 2008 Publisher: VINNOVA – Verket för Innovationssystem / Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation System VINNOVA Case No: 2007-02271 About VINNOVA VINNOVA, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems. VINNOVA´s mission is to promote sustainable growth by funding needs-driven research and developing effective innovation systems. Through its activities in this field, VINNOVA aims to make a significant contribution to Sweden´s development into a leading centre of economic growth. The VINNOVA Information series includes general publications that describe VINNOVA’s activities as well as specific programme descriptions, project catalogues, annual reports, etc. Research and Innovation for Sustainable Growth. VINNOVA´s publications are published at www.VINNOVA.se I VINNOVAs publikationsserier redovisar bland andra forskare, utredare och analytiker sina projekt. Publiceringen innebär inte att VINNOVA tar ställning till framförda åsikter, slutsatser och resultat. Undantag är publikationsserien VINNOVA Policy som återger VINNOVAs synpunkter och ställningstaganden. VINNOVAs publikationer finns att beställa, läsa och ladda ner via www.VINNOVA.se. Tryckta...
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...Entrepreneurship and Poverty Alleviation: An Empirical Study Nawal Meraj Syeda Ayesha Sadruddin Rahat Shams Business Ethics Dr. Muhammad Asim 11th May, 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would also like to thank our colleagues from New York University, Abu Dhabi, who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree with all of the interpretations/conclusions of this paper. We would also like to show our highest gratitude to the Dr. Muhammad Asim for sharing his pearls of wisdom with us during the course of this research and guiding us throughout the course work. Table of Contents ABSTRACT 2 Keywords Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.0 INTRODUCION 2 2.0 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKAND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 2 2.1 Concept of Poverty 2 2.2 Concept of Entrepreneurship 2 2.3 GDP Growth and Poverty Reduction 2 2.4 Strategies for Reducing Poverty through Entrepreneurship 2 2.5 Relieving Poverty through Entrepreneurship Education 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 2 4.0 EMPIRICAL REVIEWS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION 2 5.0 CONCLUSION 2 6.0 FUTURE RESEARCH 2 REFERENCES 2 ABSTRACT Entrepreneurship is a real wellspring of riches and employment creation, financial and mechanical development and an indication of social change. Entrepreneurs have intermittently acquired a place in the discussions of drivers of economic development. Over the world, countries that made entrepreneurship...
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...Social Entrepreneurship and the work that a social entrepreneur does. The Report is a guide to learn Social Entrepreneurship through Handson experience. The Report covers my experience in starting a Social Enterprise, difficulties I encountered during the time and how to make a Social Enterprise a Viable option. This report covers everything from rise of this term Social Entrepreneur, to work done by Social Entrepreneurs, to the Entrepreneurial theories and approaches they follow or must follow. This report also describes several Social Ventures and the people behind those ventures who have brought about a positive social change. Social Entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon and the excitement it has created throughout the world because of the impact it has had is tremendous. This report thus describes what learning social entrepreneurship through hands-on experience is. The Report also lists the various people I contacted for Sponsorship and the manner in which they supported the project. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 03 ABSTRACT 04 1. SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 06 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 OBJECTIVES 1.3 METHODOLOGY 1.4 DATA COLLECTION 1.5 CHAPTER SCHEME 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11 3. HISTORY 17 4. MODERN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 22 5. SOME OUTSTANDING EXAMPLES 27 6. THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 33 7. CONCLUSION 38 8. BIBILIOGRAPHY 39 6 CHAPTER-1 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1.1 INTRODUCTION: Social entrepreneurship is the...
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...Theoretical and Applied Economics VolumeXX (2013), No. 10(587), pp 23-32 A new vision on competitiveness within the post-crisis economy. Causes, evoiutions and possibie innovative soiutions to fight against the undesirable effects of the economic crisis Laura Mariana CISMAÇ West University Timisoara laura.cismas@feaa.uvt.ro Ruxandra Ioana PITORAC West University Timiçoara ruxandrapitorac@gmail.com Abstract. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the need for promoting a new vision regarding competitiveness mostly in the context of amplifying the effects and the complexity of the nature of crisis manifested now on the international level (economic, environment, demographic, value and moral etc.). The economic thinking pays increased attention to the issues related to economic crisis, as well as the development of theories that give satisfactory answers about the causes and, especially, the solutions to the crisis. Using scientific observation and comparative case study as research methods, this paper aims to make a theoretical critical review of the theories regarding the causes of economic crisis over time and to identify and analyze some anti-crisis policies. Keywords: economic competitiveness. crisis; macroeconomic theories; anti-crisis policies; JEL Classification: E30, GOL REL Classification: 81, 8M. 24 Laura Mariana Cisma§, Ruxandra ioana Pitorac Introduction Theoretical controversy on crises has augmented over the last two decades with a special...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUBMITTED BY APOORV CHITNIS FOR THE DEGREE OF THE BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROF. BHUMIKA MORE SIES COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE, NERUL, NAVI MUMBAI-400706 ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 DECLARATION I, APOORV CHITNIS, studying in T.Y.B.M.S, of S.I.E.S COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE, NERUL hereby declare that I have completed the project on SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP in the year 2011 – 2012 as per the requirements of Mumbai University as a part of Bachelor in Management Studies (B.M.S) programme. DATE: PLACE: NAVI MUMBAI __________________ APOORV CHITNIS CERTIFICATE I, BHUMIKA MORE hereby certify that APOORV CHITNIS student OF S.I.E.S COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE, NERUL has completed his field work project on the topic of “SOCIAL ENTREPRENUERSHIP” in the Academic Year 2011-12. The project is based on bonafide information. _________________ _______________ ______________ Prof. Bhumika More Prof. Smita. R Dr. Rita Basu (Project Guide) (BMS Coordinator) (Principal) ________________ External Examiner ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My thanks to my project guide, Prof. Bhumika More for assisting me in every way possible and gently steering...
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...case study refers to Hoskins and Rogers PLC Company, which has 3 shareholders (Mike Williams with 60% of the shares, John Holmes with 30% of the shares and Patrick Anderson with 10% of the shares). John being in his 60's still has an old-fashioned way of management. The company activities include the trading and distribution of : high and medium concentration tomato juice in a variety of container sizes, both for restaurants as well as retail outlets, Sugar-free low concentration fruit juices, and the overall UK distribution of “Luciano” series of coffee and tea products, imported straight from Italy Here we will analyze the status of this company according to the meaning and the concept of sustainable enterprise. Also, we will analyze what should be done in order the Hoskins and Rogers PLC to get a bigger piece of the market share by being an innovative company. Finally, we will see what strategic issues the company will face in order to keep its sustainability according to the current economic conditions. Sustainable Enterprise Sustainable Enterprise is an enterprise that promotes sustainable living through sustainable production of goods and services, to provide solutions for fulfilling elementary needs to improve the lives of people, now and in the future with least possible environmental impact and the highest possible economic and social yield. This case shows that the company is not as healthy and sustainable as the 3 shareholders wanted to be. As I have already mentioned...
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...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
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...Section 2 - Innovation and Entrepreneurship theory 13 Innovation 13 Entrepreneurship 16 Section 3 - Innovation and Change 22 Section 4 - Entrepreneurship and Opportunity 28 Conclusion 30 Appendix 1 - Dimensions of Innovation 33 Appendix 2 - Audio Advertising Expenditure 34 Appendix 3 - NTBF Cash Flow Profiles 35 Appendix 4 - Bone Conducting Patent 36 Appendix 5 - The Case for India 46 Appendix 6 - The Case for Northern Ireland 49 Appendix 7 - The Case for China 55 References 72 Websites 75 Summary This assignment will examine how an innovative development in headphone technology will move from design concept to retail examining the role that innovation and entrepreneurship play in this. We will examine the sectors that the new headphones will be placed in from a retail point of view taking an overview of the sector and then looking at some of the major companies that dominate the headphone market currently. We will examine three possible market locations both from a retail perspective and a development perspective to establish the best possible location for the development of this innovative product. We will then examine the role of the customer and how their role has shaped the development of this concept with a focus on health and safety concerns that lie at the heart of this innovative process. We will finish with a view of how the headphone market will develop and where we see our headphone development in this future...
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...Unit-I Economic Geography Economics: Economics is the social science which studies optimum utilization of scarce resources. It basically studies economic activities, markets, allocation, money, capital, competition, resources, development, growth, welfare, well-being, poverty, deliberate, purposeful, rational, optimal, efficient, and many more. We can also define the economics as "Economics is the study of purposeful human activities in pursuit of satisfying individual or collective wants" "Economics is the study of principles governing the allocation of scarce means among competing ends" Geography: When we think of Geography, we often use the following words or concepts: location, site, place, access, spatial, regional, distance, separation, proximity, speed, mobility, transportation, resources, communication, agglomeration etc. Economic Geography: What are the major factors that explain the recent growth of the Chinese economy and the relative decline of the United States economy? What explains persistent poverty in pockets of global cities such as New York, London and Tokyo, and what prompted the emergence of vast urban slums in Calcutta? What are the impacts of globalization on people’s jobs and livelihoods in different parts of the world? Explaining the causes and consequences of uneven development within and between regions is a central concern for economic geographers. The discipline’s goal has long been to offer multi-faceted explanations for economic processes...
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