...Jallilah D. Barambangan BSED III MYTHOLOGY and FOLKLORE 1) Give the characteristics of the twelve Olympians according to your own perception and give example. 2) Does literature has the responsibility to show us reality. Why? Cite an example. • Literature, showing us reality is probably what the writers are fond of. They tend to give criticism and comments on their observation in the form of essays, stories, articles and the like. Sometimes. They use symbolism for it not to make too obvious. Literature has different purposes either to inform, to entertain and to persuade. All of these worked together to showcase the scenario that is happening in this world. However, most of the literary pieces do not directly give or state what it wants to convey, authors/writers use symbolism instead. It depends to the reader on how he or she will give meaning from it and how will he or she will relate it to real life situation. Like for example, in Greek mythology, the character of Zeus who is known to be as philanderer. He is the representation of men who in reality is having relation with several women. It is important that in literature, we do not only take its literal meaning but rather its dig from its deeper meaning. If you would do the former, you might not be able to appreciate the aesthetic aspect of the piece. Hence, take focus on the other hand and try to figure out its abstract meaning. By this, you would be able to decipher, know what does it wants to depict and grasp...
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...Justin Harris Devon shiver Mohammed Awadallah Kedrin “Rex” Mckinnis Group summary Pages 1-9 The introduction is about a mishaps and why people should be satisfied with their looks. A woman from Murphy, North Carolina was officially tying the knot. Even though she was happy She wanted a better image, by getting a tan. Instead of going once a week, the woman was tripling her dosage of radiation. The day before her wedding, they found her dead in the tanning booth. The lesson to this story is don’t overdue tanning and be thankful for how you look. The tanning bed story is a warning to everyday people and famous stars. Individuals are so worried about their image. The folklore to the story is, people shouldn’t worry so much about what they look like. Tanning won’t change anything, just the color of your skin. You’re still the same individual, so increasing your visit at the tanning booths won’t do nothing but damage your skin if you overdue your visits. A contemporary story is a tale with some truth to it. They’re disagreements with contemporary stories, because audiences think the tale is bogus and are at disbelief with what is told. Unless there is actually prove, most people will check sources on the Internet for any truth within the story. Legends are passed down from generations, which often change up the origin, this makes it hard for people to have belief. A tale’s occurrence on the internet can increase a convinced impression of reliability. There is evidence...
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...PHILIPPINE FOLKLORE: ENGKANTO BELIEFS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Philippine mythology is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. This refers to a wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines. Each unique ethnic group has its own stories and myths to tell. While the oral and thus changeable aspect of folk literature is an important defining characteristic, much of this oral tradition had been written into a print format. University of the Philippines professor, Damiana Eugenio, classified Philippines Folk Literature into three major groups: folk narratives, folk speech, and folk songs. Folk narratives can either be in prose: the myth, the alamat (legend), and the kuwentong bayan (folktale), or in verse, as in the case of the folk epic. Folk speech includes the bugtong (riddle) and the salawikain (proverbs). Folk songs that can be sub-classified into those that tell a story (folk ballads) are a relative rarity in Philippine folk literature.[1] Before the coming of Christianity, the people of these lands had some kind of religion. For no people however primitive is ever devoid of religion. This religion might have been animism. Like any other religion, this one was a complex of religious phenomena. It consisted of myths, legends, rituals and sacrifices, beliefs in the high gods as well as low; noble concepts and practices as well as degenerate ones; worship and...
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...false Albeit synonymous in common parlance with "false belief," the term "urban legend" is meant to denote a more subtle and complex social phenomenon, namely the emergence and transmission of contemporary folk narratives — narratives which are indeed usually false, but which also, on occasion, turn out to be 99.99% true. The critical factor is that it's told as true despite the absence of confirming evidence. As many versions as tellers of the tale The phrase "urban legend" entered the popular lexicon in the early 1980s with the publication of folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand's first book on the subject, The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends and Their Meanings (New York: W.W. Norton, 1981). Urban legends are a type of folklore, defined as the handed-down beliefs, stories, songs and customs of ordinary people ("the folk"). One way to differentiate them from other narrative forms (e.g., popular fiction, TV dramas, or news stories) is to compare where they come from and how they're propagated. Unlike fiction or drama, which are usually produced by individual authors, urban legends emerge spontaneously and are rarely traceable to a single point of origin. And again unlike fiction or...
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...LEGEND * A traditional story or group of stories told about a particular person or place. Formerly the term legend meant a tale about a saint. Legends resemble folktales in content; they may include supernatural beings, elements of mythology, or explanations of natural phenomena, but they are associated with a particular locality or person and are told as a matter of history. * Some legends are the unique property of the place or person that they depict, such as the story of young George Washington, the future first president of the United States, who confesses to chopping down the cherry tree. EPIC * A long narrative poem recounting heroic deeds, although the term has also been loosely used to describe novels, such as Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace, and motion pictures, such as Sergey Eisenstein’sIvan the Terrible. In literary usage, the term encompasses both oral and written compositions. * The prime examples of the oral epic are Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. Outstanding examples of the written epic include Virgil’s Aeneid and Lucan’s Pharsalia in Latin, Chanson de Roland in medieval French,Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso and Torquato Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata in Italian, Cantar de mio Cid in Spanish, and John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene in English. PROVERB * A succinct and pithy saying in general use, expressing commonly held ideas and beliefs. Proverbs are part of every spoken language and are related to such...
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...Throughout history, folklore has played an important role in identifying cultures worldwide. An early theory, propounded among others by the famous Grimm brothers, proposes that all folklore, including folk music, is the expression of an entire people and that the whole ethnic group is the creator of each item of folklore (Nettl p. 23). The concept of folk music has been a crucial part of cultures in the past and is still predominant today, as people of all nationalities use it as a form of entertainment and expression. Folk music, in the strict sense of the definition, is passed on by ear and performed by memory than by the written or printed musical score (List 363). Whether it is a professional group or just friends gathered around with a few guitars, forms of folk music are still a large part of our culture. However, people today seem to lack knowledge of what folk music is and the importance if it. When did people start to think like this? It is through the evolution of folk music that the answer to this question can be answered. The idea of folk music has existed for at least 200 years, and throughout this time, it has faced the same stereotype; folk songs, they thought, could only be found only among an agrarian, illiterate peasantry; literacy, urbanization, and modernization were thought to work against folk tradition (Titon 167). This makes it seem as if folk music is an artifact, only to be imitated without chance of actual creation. However the idea of “process”...
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...In Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko also provides us with stories in her book. Some useful to the characters and some not. Useful or not all the stories have a meaning behind them. The characters were told stories which then helped them throughout their lives. Tayo was one of the main characters which was told stories and myths throughout his journey. Many of the myths and stories he was told throughout his journey were helpful to him. They helped him continue his journey and understand. In “The Language Must Not Sweat” Toni Morrison says “the flying myth” in Song of Solomon. It means Icarus to some readers, fine; I want to take credit for that. But my meaning is specific: it is about black people who could fly. That was always part of the folklore of my life; flying was one of our gifts. Morrison is trying explain that the meaning of the flying myth is not relating to people being able to fly with wings as some people may think. The myth is more relating to the black people who were able to be and have freedom. Flying was a gift to some black people. In Song of Solomon, Milkman discovers at the age of four that only birds and airplanes could fly. He begins to lose interest in himself because he feels he does not have the ability to be free and that freedom wouldn’t be an option. This is an example of how people may think the flying myth might mean Icarus to some readers. The flying myth made some of the characters including Milkman believe that they would never have the ability to...
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...Nausikaa Episode in The Odyssey In Book VI of The Odyssey, the tale of princess Nausikaa exhibits the folklore motifs of struggle, lust, persuasion, marriage, determinedness, and gender roles that are historically valued in Western culture. People perceive the episode of Nausikaa and the Phaiakians in different ways. Book VI is a wonderful representation of a "fairy-tale" encounter that simply allows those who are involved to experience hope and change. In the Nausikaa episode, innocence is almost lost, persuasion becomes a method for salvation, kindness is overabundant, and genuineness to the self is of great importance. Folktales have been used throughout history to pass along customs, beliefs, and ways of life. They have influenced society's structure and development, along with metaphorically reminding and teaching people about how things were in the past and should be in the future. In Book VI of The Odyssey, Odysseus is washed onto the shore of the island of the Phaiakians, is wakened by the princess Nausikaa and her maidens, and his encounters are filled with folktale motifs. These motifs are cliché elements that constitute the Nausikaa episode, are defined in nonfictional culture, and express the themes of persuasion, eroticism, forbidden beauty, social norms, and rebirth. John Arnott MacCulloch, a Scottish author whom wrote many works on mythology and folklore, describes folktales and relates their use in culture and The Odyssey's Book VI in his article "Folk-Memory...
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...Urban Legends Urban legend is any modern fictional story passed on from person to person told us truth. Urban legend as often false but sometimes they are inspired by an actual event but evolved into something different from person to person. Urban legends are characterized by combination of humor, horror, warning, morality or appeal to empathy. Urban legends are passed on from friend to a friend. It’s human nature to go to spread this feeling to others as people lore to till good story. In past 10 years there has been huge surge of urban legends on internet. The most common is forwarded e-mail. Here the story is not reinterpreted by each person who passes it on. Having the original story gives e-mail legends a felling of legitimacy. It will always be a human nature to tell bizarre stories and there will always be an audience waiting to believe them. No matter how much information technology we develop’ human being will be drawn in by unsubstantiated rumor. The urban legend is a part of our makeup. One urban legend was about Katie and Paul once paked at Ecliobay came access news about a rapist killer who escaped from prison. Instead of a right hand he had a hook. When Katie and Paul went home and opened door they saw a hook hanging on door handle. For decades “The Hook” story appeared as a genuine letter in “Dear Abby”, newspaper advice column and many students heard this story in grade school. Another urban legend is about “Kentucky Fried Rat”. It’s about a woman did not...
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...Urban Legends Urban legend is any modern fictional story passed on from person to person told us truth. Urban legend as often false but sometimes they are inspired by an actual event but evolved into something different from person to person. Urban legends are characterized by combination of humor, horror, warning, morality or appeal to empathy. Urban legends are passed on from friend to a friend. It’s human nature to go to spread this feeling to others as people lore to till good story. In past 10 years there has been huge surge of urban legends on internet. The most common is forwarded e-mail. Here the story is not reinterpreted by each person who passes it on. Having the original story gives e-mail legends a felling of legitimacy. It will always be a human nature to tell bizarre stories and there will always be an audience waiting to believe them. No matter how much information technology we develop’ human being will be drawn in by unsubstantiated rumor. The urban legend is a part of our makeup. One urban legend was about Katie and Paul once paked at Ecliobay came access news about a rapist killer who escaped from prison. Instead of a right hand he had a hook. When Katie and Paul went home and opened door they saw a hook hanging on door handle. For decades “The Hook” story appeared as a genuine letter in “Dear Abby”, newspaper advice column and many students heard this story in grade school. Another urban legend is about “Kentucky Fried Rat”. It’s about a woman did not...
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...18. Animal symbolism in different cultures Many cultures through the ages have regarded specific animals as representing gods, power, the supernatural, and in the cases of Native Americans, used in names. It can be noticed in proverbs, folklore, attitude to gifts with some animal symbolics. First let’s speak about omnicultural symbols. So, the dove symbol takes its roots from the Bible legend about Noah. It returned to his ship with an olive branch, indicating the land nearby, and represents God's forgiveness. Also they say, mutual-affected people resemble doves. Sheep are also from Bible and symbolize naïve, frustrated, in need of guidance. Lambs had been slaughtered for sacrifice from time immemorial. Thanks to that appeared American set-phrase ‘Naïve as sheep Dolly”. The snake means infinity thanks to leisure plasticity of its shape, it’s Satan in Heaven, here’s a proverb “to keep a snake in one’s bosom” – otherwords, to be deceived. But somewhere this meaning is vice versa – snake twining a cup is the worldwide medical emblem. Its venom can cure. It is important to the Druids, and is found on much old Celtic jewelry. The goat has plenty of symbols. In Europe is the scapegoat, according to Latin myths. To reciprocate, to be free from sins, citizens exiled the goat from the city, battering him to death. In Asia the goat represents fertility. The peacock in Greece is the God’s bird, Junona’s symbol, her meat is eternal. In India they live near temples. What’s about...
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...r other uses, see Word of mouth (disambiguation). Word of mouth, or viva voce,[1] is the passing of information from person to person by oral communication, which could be as simple as telling someone the time of day. Storytelling is a common form of word-of-mouth communication where one person tells others a story about a real event or something made up. Oral tradition is cultural material and traditions transmitted by word of mouth through successive generations. Storytelling and oral tradition are forms of word of mouth that play important roles in folklore and mythology. Another example of oral communication is oral history—the recording, preservation and interpretation of historical information, based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker. Oral history preservation is the field that deals with the care and upkeep of oral history materials collected by word of mouth, whatever format they may be in. In marketing, word-of-mouth communication (WOM) involves the passing of information between a non-commercial communicator (i.e. someone who is not rewarded) and a receiver concerning a brand, a product, or a service.[2] When WOM is mediated through electronic means, the resulting electronic word of mouth (eWoM) refers to any statement consumers share via the Internet (e.g., web sites, social networks, instant messages, news feeds) about a product, service, brand, or company.[3] If the sender of word-of-mouth communication is rewarded than this process is referred...
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...As art, any tale reflects the social order and worldview of those who create it and makes a statement about their goals for telling it. The distinction between a fairy tale and another kind of story, however, lies in the cultural significance of the fairy tale as a form of folklore. In his essay “The Four Functions of Folklore,” William Bascom indicates that those functions are amusement, validation of culture, education, and enforcement of cultural mores; folklore is “a means of applying social pressure and exercising social control” (346). Fairy tales reflect society’s perception of itself and the desires of the portion of society in which the fairy tale originated. Many fairy tales reinforce stereotypes, as well, providing dire predictions of doom for straying from the prescribed path, particularly for personal gain. Zipes argues that, as folk tales moved from oral to literary at the end of the 17th century, they were appropriated: these “products of the imagination are set in a socio-economic context and are used ultimately to impose limitations on the imagination of the producers and receivers” (9). This presumes that there was a change in folk tales which resulted in their being used to perpetrate the value system of the upper class upon the peasantry. This seems like a very difficult assumption to prove, given that the majority of folk tales, in all their multiplicity of forms, reinforce long-standing cultural beliefs; additionally, Zipes implies that folk tales belong...
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...many generations of telling; only the most important elements of the story survive. The Value of Folk Literature for Children • When Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm published the first volume of their Household Stories in 1812, they did not intend it for children. • Originally folklore was the literature of the people; stories were told to young and old alike. • Traditional literature is a rightful part of a child’s literature heritage and lays the groundwork for understanding all literature. Folktales • Folktales have been defined as “all forms of narrative, written or oral, which have come to be handed down through the years.” • Questions often arise about which of the available print versions of a tale is the “correct” or authentic text. Types of Folktales • There will be features of these stories that are unique to each culture, but children will also find particular aspects of plot or characterization that occur across cultures. • Probably the favorite folktales of young children are beast tales in which animal’s act and talk like human beings. • Surprisingly, there are a few realistic tales included in folklore. The story in Marcia Brown’s Dick Whittington and His Cat could have happened; in...
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...“ Legends on the Net” In the article “ Legends on the net”, Jan Fernback examines a unique type of folklore – urban legends and their transformation into cyberspace. The author used two main arguments to support her contention. First, many characteristics of contemporary urban legends are inherited from oral folklore that existed long time ago before technology appeared. Second argument is as mediated urban legends gradually proliferate, cyberspace plays an important role for primary oral culture to survive and represents actual meaning of orality and literacy. According to the article, Professor Jan Brunvard had first coined the term “urban legends” since 1968. Urban legends are a unique type of folklore – traditional beliefs, stories and customs of community that had been passed through the generations by words of mouth. Familiar cultural mores, values and beliefs are presented in folklores. Urban legends inherit many similar characteristics from folklores. For example, they are popular stories concerning with humiliating, humorous, horrible and supernatural events that are transmitted from people to people via oral or written communication. Legends are anonymous because they arise spontaneously and are difficult to trace the origin of the stories. Urban legends are usually false however, they tell a type of truth. They unselfconsciously reflect the major concerns of individuals in societies. Urban legends somehow contain moralistic component and reinforce social...
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