...What is diabetes? Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition where the amount of glucose in the blood is too high Glucose comes from the digestion of carbohydrate containing food and drinks and is also produced by the liver Carbohydrate comes from many different sources including starchy foods such as bread, potatoes and chapattis, fruit, dairy products, sugar and other sweet foods The food we eat turns into glucose (sugar) for energy The pancreas makes insulin (a hormone) to help glucose get into the cells of our body When someone has diabetes their body either doesn’t make any/enough or can’t use its own insulin as it should Glucose begins to build up in the blood Prevalence: WHO estimate in: 2000 = 177 million diabetic people 2025 = 300 million diabetic people = 9% global population IDF (international diabetes federation): 2 million diabetic people in UK with over 750,000 undiagnosed NICE: 650,000 women give birth in England & Wale each year and 2-5% (13,000-32,500) involves women with diabetes, of these: * 87.5% are Gestational Diabetes (GD) * 7.5% are Type 1 * 5% are Type 2 From 1997-2003 there was 74% rise in new cases in the UK with the West Midlands being one of the highest areas (News, 2009) Treatment: Aim: to maintain glycaemic control – regular monitoring is required Lifestyle: diet, exercise Medication – tablet or injection e.g. Insulin, rapid acting insulin analogues (Aspart, Lispro) and/or hypoglycaemic agents (Metformin and Glibenclamide) ...
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...Gestational Diabetes is diagnosed when a higher than normal blood glucose levels are present. The process of diagnosing Gestational Diabetes is called a Glucose Challenge Test or GCT, where blood is taken an hour after the consumption if a glucose drink. If abnormal results are obtained, then an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test or OGTT is completed, this is a similar test; with blood taken before and two hours after the glucose drink is consumed. These tests are normally carried out between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, but may be done earlier for women with many risk factors for Gestational Diabetes. There are many ways to treat Gestational Diabetes, including; Diet, Exercise and Medications. By maintaining a healthy, balanced diet during pregnancy, the symptoms of Gestational Diabetes will be kept at bay and blood glucose levels will be kept within a normal range. Other perks of a healthy balanced diet during pregnancy are; the insurance that both the mother and baby are receiving all essential nutrients, and the mother will gain appropriate weight to be able to maintain and support the demands of pregnancy. Women with Gestational Diabetes are encouraged to eat smaller meals more often as it helps combat hunger and prevents the loss of weight throughout pregnancy. Foods that include Iron, Calcium and Folic Acid, low in fat, and moderate in carbs are all recommended as they will provide all the nutrients required for pregnancy. Having a Dietitian when experiencing Gestational...
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...Second trimester is the period between 14th to 26thweek or the 4th to 6th months in pregnancy. This brings to another set of screening tests to be performed to ensure baby’s growth and wellbeing of her mother. The below list will explain the number of tests to be performed and what each test signifies: Routine check up As part of the routine ante-natal check up your doctor will check; your blood pressure and weight measure your abdomen from the top of your uterus to your pubic bone Listen to your baby's heartbeat using a modified stethoscope Tell your doctor when you begin to feel flutters or kicks in your abdomen. Glucose screening Glucose screening is done to find out if you have gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (diabetes) that starts during pregnancy. Screening becomes more important if you are above the age of 30. If your blood glucose level comes high, your doctors will advise you to undergo an advance ‘glucose tolerance’ test. You will be asked to drink a liquid that contains glucose. Your blood will be drawn before you drink the liquid, and again after 30 - 60 minutes after you drink it. This will be done couple of times...
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...usually at around 28 weeks or later many women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes (Pepe, 2004). It is a serious condition with health implications for mother and baby. Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy (Sugaya, 2005). Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood glucose (sugar) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. Based on recently announced diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies (National Diabetes Data Group, 2009). According to WHO (2011), GDM affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied, and is growing in prevalence. The World Health Organization criteria as a guide to the severity of hyperglycemia, mentioned that there is a significant increases in the incidences of the more severe grades of GDM in parturient born in the Mediterranean region, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Egypt, and Arabic countries. Babies born to mothers with GDM are at increased risk of problems typically such as being large for gestational age, low blood sugar, and jaundice (Khan, 2004). Women with GDM are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus after pregnancy (Gabbe, 2010). Up to one-third of affected women have diabetes or impaired glucose metabolism at their postpartum screening (Alberti...
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...Gestational Diabetes When a woman first receives the news of being pregnant from a home pregnancy test many things run through her mind. One of the most important thoughts should be who the obstetrician will be. Finding one a she likes and trust is also very important. Early and regular prenatal care is crucial to a healthy pregnancy. Between 24 and 28 weeks you will receive a glucose test which will be used to test for gestational diabetes. Women who have had gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies should be tested between 16 and 18 weeks. This test will consist of an initial 1 hour test and depending on the results you may have to do a longer 3 hour test. If the results come out positive, you will be diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes....
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...Gestational diabetes happens when your body can’t make enough insulin during pregnancy. According to the website during pregnancy, your body makes more hormones and goes through other changes, such as weight gain. These changes cause your body’ cells to use insulin less effectively. My advice or action that are needed to help a woman with Gestational Diabetes reduce the risk of having these complications in her pregnancy would be, to lose some extra weight and increase physical activity levels before getting pregnant. She would also want to continue with activity during pregnancy. She would also want to eat healthy during pregnancy and not a lot of junk food. If she is unable to maintain the desired blood sugar levels with meal planning and...
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...Case study – Gestational Diabetes and the effects it has on mothers and neonates As midwifery becomes more complicated and the numbers of women becoming pregnant, who present with or develop medical conditions which can impact on the health of themselves and their babies increases; it is important midwives are knowledgeable in order to recognise and help manage the risks and complications that may arise as a result of these conditions. Furthermore able to discuss these risks with expectant mothers and their families, to ensure women are able to make informed decisions about care which they receive, even if choices available to them are restricted as a result of the condition which they are suffering from. For this case study I have decided to explore diabetes and the affects it has on care mothers and their babies require antenatally, during the intrapartum period and postnatally. As 87.5% of pregnancies affected by diabetes are due to the development of gestational diabetes (NICE,2008) and therefore the most common type, I have decided to focus on gestational diabetes, although many of the guidelines put in place are similar when caring for women who have diabetes prior to becoming pregnant. With no previous medical experience prior to embarking on my midwifery degree, I had limited knowledge of gestational diabetes and the impact it can have on women physically and emotionally; especially if left undiagnosed or the care they receive is lacking. I wanted to gain a better...
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...to distinguish some pregnancy complications from all of the normal pregnancy-related changes in the body?! Gestational diabetes is a temporary type of diabetes and one of the most common pregnancy complications. Based on a 2014 global analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes is as high as 9.2%." (1) Generally, this type of diabetes does not have a very noticeable symptoms or signs. Therefore, this essay will describe the main symptoms of gestational diabetes and discuss how it is diagnosed. There are a few mild symptoms of gestational diabetes...
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...Questions on that clinical are not in bold, answers are in bold and additional info are italics so we can dertermie what to plug in and make part of our presentations. 1. What test should be done to evalulate the patients glucose tolerance?...A glucose challenge screening will determine if a glucose tolerance test is needed. A glucose challenge is a test to evaluate how your body processes sugar. A high level in your blood may indicate that your body is not processing sugar effectively (positive test). If the results of this screen are positive, the woman may have the Glucose Tolerance Test performed. It is important to note that not all women who test positive for the Glucose Challenge Screening test are found to have diabetes upon further diagnosis. No preparation is required prior to the test. During the test, the mother is asked to drink a sweet liquid (glucose) and then will have blood drawn one hour from having the drink, as blood glucose levels normally peak within one hour. No fasting is required prior to this test. Prior to the test the glucose tolerance test, your doctor will ask you to make sure that you are eating at least 150mg of carbohydrates for three days prior to the time you will be asked to fast (about what you will get from a slice or two of bread). You will not be permitted to eat or drink anything but sips of water for 14 hours prior to the test, so it is best to schedule the test for first thing in the morning. Additionally, you should...
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...had a reformed social security plan that includes personal retirement accounts?” As you develop a research question, remember that you need to research sources to support your topic. Do not pick a one-sided question that will limit your research. Instead, develop a research question that lends itself to further exploration and debate—a question you genuinely want to know the answer to. Try to pick a research question that is neither too broad (covering too much) or too narrow (covering too little). It should be broad enough to be discussed in a short research paper. Part 1: Complete the Research Plan |What is your general topic or area of interest? |My general topic or area of interest is the medical disease diabetes. | | | | |What is it about your general topic that interests you? |The way it affects your health and body is what interests me. | | | | |What questions do you have about the topic that you would like to|What causes your body to make little or no more insulin? | |investigate? List them....
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...race/ethnicity? h. White i. Hispanic or Latino j. Black or African American k. Native American or American Indian l. Asian / Pacific Islander m. Other 4. What is your knowledge about Diabetes? n. I am very knowledgeable o. I am somewhat knowledgeable p. I have heard of the disease q. I know nothing 5. What is your knowledge about The American Diabetes Association (ADA)? Please select all that apply r. I do not know anything s. I have heard of the ADA t. I have been to their website u. I have attended an event v. I have volunteered for the ADA w. Other_____________________ 6. How are you personally affected by Diabetes? (Choose the one that most accurately describes you) x. I have Diabetes y. A direct family member has been diagnosed z. I know someone that has Diabetes {. I am a care-giver of someone that has Diabetes |. I have been informed by a medical professional that I am at risk for Diabetes }. I am personally not affected by Diabetes 7. If you have been diagnosed with Diabetes, what type do you have? ~. Type I . Type II . Gestational Diabetes . N/A 8. How would you categorize your involvement within the community? . Very involved . Somewhat involved . Rarely involved . Never involved 9. Have you ever participated in a fundraising/awareness...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Quiz (Paper) Metformin is a good oral glycemic agent used for treatment of DM and new research from the US Diabetes Prevention Program ( DPP) shows that it can aid in delaying the onset of the disease when used in patients who are at high risk. Some of the high risk patients include those that are overweight or obese, have a family history, had gestational diabetes or are African American. The study uses 3 groups of people, a placebo group, a intensive lifestyle group and a metformin group. Appoximitely 3000 people have been used in this study and 85% of the original group study continued on in further studies. Approimitely 45% of the group were minorities ethnic backgrounds. Diabetis Mellitis (DM) is becoming more and more prevelant in our society. This article is about ways of helpng those at high risk of developing DM to reduce their risk of getting it or delay the onset. The main component of the article is the use of metformon to delay or reduce the risk of onset of DM. Research has shown that the use of metformin in those that are high risk for getting DM may delay the onset for as long as 15 years. If the patient takes metformin and increases their exercise and diet regimines then the chances of delaying the onset are even greater. Although intensive lifestyle changes still have the best chance for delaying the onset of DM, in the future Metformin may be used to delay the onset as well as for treatment of Diabetes. Did the article contain any additional...
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...Health Promotion: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Levels Health promotion is composed of three levels. Primary is the initial level of health promotion and prevention of diseases. The next level is secondary which involves early detection of a disease and prompt intervention to prevent the progression of the disease. Tertiary, the final level, is when a disease is permanent and the goal is to return the individual to the best possible level of functioning (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). According to American Diabetes Association website, the 2011 diabetes statistics in America is 25.8 million of the population has diabetes. This paper focuses on the health promotion in primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of patients diagnosed with diabetes. Health promotion can affect many factors of a patient’s life from progression of a disease to loss of school or work days therefore loss of education and income to increase in healthcare. O’Donnell (2009) defines health promotion as: “the art and science of helping people discover the synergies between their core passions and optimal health, enhancing their motivation to strive for optimal health, and supporting them in changing their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. Optimal health is a dynamic balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health. Lifestyle change can be facilitated through a combination of learning experiences that enhance awareness, increase motivation, and build skills and...
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...prevention activities. Healthy People 2010 focus on various illnesses such as: obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The goal of Healthy People 2010 is to increase the quality of life, the years of a healthy life, and to eliminate health disparities amongst different groups in the population. Diabetes is a specific issue that is affecting 23.6 million children and adults or 7.8% of the population. Description of the target population Diabetes is a disorder where a person’s body cannot produce or respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to absorb and use glucose as fuel for the cells in the body. Diabetes Mellitus is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. Diabetes Mellitus can lower the life expectancy by up to 15 years and is the leading cause of kidney failure, lower limb amputations and adult onset blindness. In 2007 Diabetes Mellitus cost the citizens of the United States $174 billion dollars including the cost of treatments, disability, and premature death. In 2010 1.052,000 people were diagnosed with Diabetes. The targeted population that is affected by Diabetes is adults over 20 and African Americans. African Americans in 2010 consisted of 18.7% of the population diagnosed and undiagnosed cases of Diabetes or 4.9 million people. In 2010; 11.3% of people or 25.6 million of the citizens of America were diagnosed with Diabetes. People over 65...
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...Certification Board for Diabetes Educators Handbook & Application Individuals may apply on-line or via the traditional paper method to take the Examination†. The Examination Handbook (Handbook) includes the paper Application, instructions for applying on-line or using the traditional paper method, general information, the Examination content outline, sample questions, references, and policies related to the certification program. There is no charge for the Handbook. The 2016 Handbook will be available in late fall 2015. To obtain the Handbook, send a request including your mailing address, via mail, telephone, facsimile or e-mail to NCBDE’s testing agency after November 1, 2015. It will be mailed to you upon publication. You may also download it from NCBDE’s web site upon publication. CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION FOR DIABETES EDUCATORS Send your Handbook request to: Attention: NCBDE Coordinator Applied Measurement Professionals, Inc. 18000 W. 105th Street, Olathe, KS 66061 Telephone: 913-895-4600 Facsimile: 913-895-4651 E-mail: info@goamp.com www.ncbde.org National Certification Board for Diabetes Educators 330 East Algonquin Road, Suite 4 Arlington Heights, IL 60005 Phone: 877-239-3233 or 847-228-9795 Fax: 847-228-8469 info@ncbde.org “CertifiedDiabetesEducators” tion forma ! e in e’s th quested Her u re yo If you have any questions about certification, visit our web site or contact the NCBDE national office: 2016 National Certification Board for Diabetes Educators 330 E. Algonquin...
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