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Grt Task 1

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The Role of DNA and RNA Transmission of information within the Cell
GRT1

Introduction DNA and RNA play a significant role in cell growth through the necessitation of the cell replication processes. DNA is tasked with the responsibility of holding the code that constitutes an organism. Similarly, RNA is responsible for the execution of the gene code written in the DNA code. Additionally, it is responsible for the ultimate proliferation of the original DNA code. In a broad view, DNA is made up of a sequence of nucleotides that shape up to form a double helix. Through transcription, the sequence of the DNA is transferred into mRNA by the aid of enzymes. The message encoded in the mRNA is then translated into a sequence of amino acids then into proteins by ribosomes. Generally, DNA is responsible for storing gene information while RNA is tasked with the responsibility of turning the information into a functional form (Omoto & Lurquin, 2004). A. DNA replication at biochemical level
DNA replication is imperative for the growth of organisms through cell division. The process involves the division of two strands in the genome where a replica of genetic information is carried. The two strands of the DNA are first separated into two strands from which complimentary strands are generated. Each strand of the of the original DNA molecule befalls a template for new molecules (Hall, 2011). Two major enzymes are responsible for this process; DNA polymerase III and RNA Primase. DNA polymerase III is tasked with making complimentary strands; it finds the correct complimentary strand and extends it from 5’ to 3’. Enzyme RNA primase on the other hand is responsible for laying down RNA Primers in 5’ to 3’ fashion. It clings itself on the Lagging strand in a location next to the Helicase.

Diagram A1: DNA replication process 5' 3'

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