...tour operators play an essential part, as they represent a central connection between tourists and tourism service provider. This report will examine the link between tour operators and other sector of the travel and tourism industry by identifying different products and services provided by tour operators for different target markets. Different factors influencing this sector will be explained as well as and the implication of vertical and horizontal integration within this sector. Finally a brief analysis of the future of tour operators will be given and this is based on research and finding. 2. The role tour operator According to Pro-Poor Tourism (2004) tour operators are businesses that mix two or more travel services such as transport, accommodation, catering, and entertainment, and sell them directly or through travel agencies to final consumers as a single product. A tour operator is thus a crucial link in the distribution chain, representing the central connection between customers and providers of tourism services, and thus has the power to influence both the demand and the supply side. 3. Different Type of Tour Operators a. The Domestic Operators They are companies that develop and sell the holiday within the country in which the tourist reside, they offer a variety of holiday products such as: coach holidays, city break, farm holiday, holiday centres b. The Incoming Tours Operators They are tour operators specializing in arranging holidays within...
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...DELIVERY We are providing durable, reliable and affordable to users of gas. Our service delivery would want to make gas readily available to these users for domestic, transport (like some taxi drivers) and commercial activities. This service creates an environment for taxi drivers to switch to gas instead of relying on petrol, hence, bringing change to the transport system. Product concept Concept A We provide the fastest –gas delivery service to your door step. You make the call, we get to you door step in seconds. You are concern about time; we make way for you to focus on your most pressing needs while we focus on providing clean and long lasting gas supply to you for various activities. Our 24/7 guaranteed services (with holiday inclusive) will lead to readily available service to customers, thus, constant supply of gas. We exchange our fully filled gas for your unfilled gas cylinder, so that there’ll be gas always available to use at the workplace, homes and other places. Concept B We provide the fastest –gas delivery service to your door step. You make the call, we get to you door step in seconds. We fill your gas cylinders to the brim and have a long last usage of the gas, all at an affordable price. Taxi drivers using gas are no exceptions. Our 24/7 guaranteed services (with holiday inclusive) will lead to readily available service to customers, thus, constant supply of gas. We exchange our fully filled gas for your unfilled gas cylinder, so that there’ll be...
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...Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act: formed by the federal government in the 1970’s, one of their goals was to develop an all-inclusive piece of legislation that included all four modes of transport (marine, rail, road and air). This all-inclusive legislation would be more adequate for shippers and companies as opposed to having to refer to one source for regulatory information. This legislation was meant to ensure the harmonization between the provinces, and all other forms of existing legislation (i.e., Explosives Act, Pesticides Act, etc.). The purpose for this would for the transportation of goods without causing unnecessary interruptions in the transportation system. Another aspect of the dangerous goods legislation is the use of ‘’safety marks’’ (placards and labels), shipping documents, and training....
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...Poverty, Rural Development and Inclusive Growth Group 07 Poverty, Rural Development & Inclusive Growth In this report we would be focusing on Sustainable Inclusive Growth Background Post independence a combination of protectionist, import substitution and Fabian social democratic – inspired policies governed India. Economy was characterized by extensive regulation and public ownership of large monopolies. Owing to economic liberalization in 1991, the country moved to a market based economy and slowly established itself as the world’s fastest growing economies when it reached its highest recorded GDP growth rate of 9%. However there has been significant debate, around liberalization as an inclusive economic growth strategy. Since 1992, income inequality has deepened in India with the wealthiest generating consumption growth and the consumption among the poorest remaining stable. With India’s Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate touching a decade long low in 2012-13 , growing merely at 5%, more criticism of India's economic reforms surfaced, citing failure to address employment growth, nutritional values in terms of food intake in calories, and also exports growth - and thereby leading to a worsening level of current account deficit compared to the prior to the reform period. Growth that is not inclusive affects the society, the economy and the polity by resulting in real and perceived inequities Thus making growth more inclusive and addressing widespread poverty...
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...Inclusive Education Inclusive Education is a learning environment where children with and without disabilities are taught together, as equals. This approach is different to more traditional approaches to the education of children with disabilities, such as the SPED model used in the Philippines, that involve segregating CWDs into separate classes or even separate schools. Inclusive Education is recognized by teachers, families and policy makers to be a more beneficial way of ensuring that children with and without disabilities achieve their full educational potential. The LCD Philippines Foundation Inclusive Education program was initiated in 2005 in response to a perceived need for a remodification of the current educational system for CWDs in the Philippines. Working in partnership with the Department of Education, other national NGOs and 19 Community Support Groups (made up of volunteer parents and volunteer organisations), amongst other partners, the program involves creating awareness among stakeholders; improving access to Inclusive Education in schools and communities through providing accessible features, equipment and appropriate teacher training; adopting an holistic approach to address the needs of CWDs through comprehensive health management and rehabilitation interventions (including a program developed by one of our CHIIPS Interns – ICARE) and research and data gathering. In addition the Inclusive Education in collaboration with the Economic Empowerment programme...
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...Indian aviation industry is passing through a bad phase. Though, Indian carriers flew over 55 millions domestic passengers between January and November against 47 million in the like period of last year, they are finding it extremely difficult to continue with their expansion plans and existing operations, amid rising fuel prices and other policy constraints. Except the low-cost airline IndiGo, which continued to earn profit, all the other airline players faced tough times and many of them had to cut employee’s salary owing to their bad financial conditions. The crisis became more evident recently when major private player Kingfisher Airlines cancelled its operation on a number of routes owing to the losses it was incurring on it. The government is also under pressure as the state-run Air India itself is reeling under a huge debt, estimated at over Rs 40,000 crore. A 50 to 60 per cent hike in the jet fuel prices, which account for 40-50 per cent of an airline’s operating cost, has made it difficult for airline players to make their operation profitable. The airline players are blaming central government for imposing unreasonable and unbearable duties on jet fuel prices, and demanding a cut in the taxes levied on the same. Amidst the growing concern over an emerging crisis in aviation sector, industry honchos are mounting pressure on government to either relax taxes on ATF fuel or announce a bailout package for the ailing airlines. Background: Indian aviation and...
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...B.LAW B.LAW UCP 600 Explanation of articles relating to L/C. Submitted to: Prof. Javed B.LAW ASSIGNMNET/PRESENTATION UCP 600 Explanation of articles relating to L/C. Submitted to: Prof. Javed B.LAW ASSIGNMNET/PRESENTATION ASSIGNMNET/PRESENTATION ASSIGNMNET/PRESENTATION Group Members NAMES REGISTRATION No. Malik HASSAN MUKHTAR L1F11MBAM2029 MARYAM FAROOQ L1F11MBAM2067 AHSAN AFZAAL L1F11MBAM ANIQUW SAJJAD L1F11MBAM AZHAR HAYAT L1F11MBAM ALEEM UR REHMAN L1F11MBAM Group Members NAMES REGISTRATION No. Malik HASSAN MUKHTAR L1F11MBAM2029 MARYAM FAROOQ L1F11MBAM2067 AHSAN AFZAAL L1F11MBAM ANIQUW SAJJAD L1F11MBAM AZHAR HAYAT L1F11MBAM ALEEM UR REHMAN L1F11MBAM UCP 600 - Article 1 ICC Publication no. 600 ("UCP") are rules that apply to any letter of credit. They are binding on all parties thereto unless expressly modified or excluded. UCP 600 - Article 2 Advising bank/sellers Bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank. Applicant/Buyer means the party on whose request the credit is issued. Banking day means a day on which a bank is regularly open at the place at which an act subject to these...
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...World War when institutional institutionalization began to develop at an unprecedented pace. What matter most in the failing or succeeding of a nation is the institution, more precisely the political institutions that determine economic institutions (Michele Boldrin). Acemoglu and Robinson (writers of the famous book why nations fail) theorize that political institutions can be divided into two kinds: * “Extractive” institutions in which a “small” group of individuals do their best to exploit - in the sense of Marx - the rest of the population * “Inclusive” institutions in which “many” people are included in the process of governing hence the exploitation process is either attenuated or absent. One if the interesting comparison between the two institutions is the following: “Extractive institutions try to seize a larger share of the pie for some groups in society, at the expense of making the pie larger. Inclusive institutions prefer to see the size of the pie grow, in the interests of the majority, even if it means disruptive change for the privileged few with a valuable stake in the status quo.” (big sky ideas, 2012) The reason that Nogales, Arizona, is much richer than Nogales, Sonora, is simple; it is because of the very different institutions on the two sides of the border, which create very different incentives for the inhabitants of Nogales, Arizona, versus Nogales, Sonora. The United States is also far richer today than either Mexico or Peru because of the...
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...Parker 1 Cynthia Parker November 11, 2015 After deciding to take a vacation, one must narrow down the possible vacation spots. Two destinations that interest me are Branson, Missouri and Cozumel, Mexico. Both destinations have a variety of activities for me to enjoy while vacationing, but the expenses are quite a bit different. Cozumel will cost more, but I believe I will enjoy the Caribbean cruise more than I will enjoy relaxing in the mountains of Branson. Choosing a vacation getaway can be stressful but exciting. Even on a budget, it is simple to plan an affordable vacation. Two places I would like to vacation at are the mountains of Branson, Missouri and a Caribbean cruise to Cozumel, Mexico. In Branson, there are almost limitless attractions to enjoy. While relaxing in a cozy cabin in the mountains, I could enjoy the peace and quiet nature with beautiful scenery, or I could visit some of the attractions around the area. There is a cabin called the, "Beary Cozy" cabin, and it has one bedroom and one and a half bath. It comes with a fully equipped kitchen and living area making it feel like a home away from home (www.traveloffice.org). The cabin has a romantic fireplace in the living area, perfect for a relaxing, romantic getaway. There are many attractions to choose from, most of which are affordable for someone vacationing on a budget. If I choose Branson as my vacation destination, I would leave on a Sunday and return the following Sunday. I would...
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...Bill for land gives true value The draft law on acquisition strikes a balance between development and justice for those who will be displaced in the process India is a rapidly industrialising economy and society with intense demands for better infrastructure from its people. The last 20 years have seen a great acceleration in this process, with India becoming one of the world’s fastest growing economies. However, for those whose lands were acquired for these purposes and the even more vulnerable people whose livelihoods depended on the lands acquired, a great human tragedy has unfolded. Independent estimates place the number of people displaced following development projects in India since independence at 60 million. This is the highest number of people uprooted for development projects in the world. Only a third of these people were resettled in a planned manner. Most of them were the asset-less rural poor, marginal farmers, poor fisherfolk and quarry workers. Around 60 per cent of the displaced belonged to the Adivasi and Dalit communities. Given that 90 per cent of our coal, more than 50 per cent of minerals and most prospective dam sites are in Adivasi regions, there is likely to be continuing contention over issues of land acquisition in these areas. Two sides of a coin We need to move decisively away from the colonial Land Acquisition Act 1894, which treats the Indian people as “subjects,” towards a vision of citizens, whose rights are guaranteed under the Constitution...
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...and services that describes his or her level of aspiration. To provide for the aspirations and needs of the citizens, urban planners ideally aim at developing the entire urban eco-system, which is represented by the four pillars of comprehensive development-institutional, physical, social and economic infrastructure. This can be a long term goal and cities can work towards developing such comprehensive infrastructure incrementally, adding on layers of ‘smartness’. In the approach of the Smart Cities Mission, the objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of ‘Smart’ Solutions. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development and the idea is to look at compact areas, create a replicable model which will act like a light house to other aspiring cities. The Smart Cities Mission of the Government is a bold, new initiative. It is meant to set examples that can be replicated both within and outside the Smart City, catalysing the creation of similar Smart Cities in various regions and parts of...
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...compared with rest of world in all respects except economic status of people. Beginning with First Five Year Plan in 1951, resources were deployed on areas like irrigation and energy, agriculture and community development, transport and communications, industrial development, social services, land development and infrastructure. Initially, the growth rates were around 3-4 per cent which gradually touched a peak of over 9 per cent. Despite economic turbulences, financial scams, population growth, natural calamities, wars, political disturbances, India witnessed several achievements in many areas in the last six decades. But still, there are people who are ignored by banks and financial institutions to get financial services and benefits. It is very important issue before the government to make them inclusive. So, the Reserve Bank of India has set up a commission (Khan Commission) in 2004 to look into financial inclusion and the recommendations of the commission were incorporated into the mid-term review of the policy (2005–06). In the report RBI exhorted the banks with a view of achieving greater financial inclusion to make available a basic "no-frills" banking account. The Eleventh Plan (2007-12) document was divided into three volumes viz., (I) Inclusive Growth (II) Social Sector and (III) Agriculture, Rural Development, Industry, Services and Physical Infrastructure. It addresses on sustained growth and investment aiming at improvement in the quality of life. The percentage...
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...INTRODUCTION The Philippines is an archipelago consisting of more than 7000 islands. It is the 12th most populated country in the world which poses as a difficult challenge for good governance and development other than smaller countries. The Philippines is mostly mountainous. The citizens can speak several languages. Not to mention, the country is very close to the Pacific Ring of Fire which makes it more prone to frequent natural disasters. There is a 95.8 million in population. It also has a GDP of $424.4 billion with a 6.6% growth in 2012 and it has a five year annual growth of 4.7% with a $4,430 per capita. The Philippines also have a 7% unemployment rate and a 3.1% inflation rate. These are some of the quick facts of the Philippines as of September 2013. When President Benigno Aquino III took office back in 2010, he addressed the most important concern in the Philippine which is corruption. He instantaneously launched massive investigations from the administration he replaced and how they abused their power. The economy of the Philippines has been developing on the average of 5 percent annually over the past two decades. The most important increase in our Gross Domestic Product is the remittances which is more than 10% of the GDP. The distribution of the benefits to the less privileged has been an ongoing challenge in spite of the growth we had in the economy. Also, the Philippines is currently undergoing from extensive poverty and has a massive problem with underemployment...
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...The Manila railway system is one of the important means of travel in a Manilenyo’s everyday life. The Metro Railway Transit serves some 684,000 people every day, and the Light Rail Transit serves about 579,000 people every day according to the Department of Transport and Communications. The government therefore has to consider the lives of over one million commuters in the operation, and maintenance of the railway systems in Manila. The government is running the railway systems well as they are now, but is it enough? Singapore also has its own railway system and is very systematic and organized in managing the railways. We can learn a lot from them and apply what we learn to improve the safety and experience of the daily commuters of the bustling Manila. Railway transport plays a great role in the lives of busy on the go people. It serves as a detour to avoid traffic jams during peak hours of the day, allowing commuters to pass above or under the dense traffic on the main roads. Manila railways consist of the Metropolitan railway Transit and the Light Railway Transit. These modes of transport serve as one of the most cost and time efficient ways of transportation of everyday commuters. Since Manila has become filled to the brim throughout the years, people rely a lot on the railways, especially students and the working population who have to travel quite a distance every day and try their best to avoid being late and in the evening try to get home in time for dinner. The city...
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...While sourcing from suppliers, company should consider the ethical issues like labor ethics In which they make sure that wages paid for the workers is up to standard such as discrimination(Equal opportunities, fair treatment, and respect for everyone) and decent age. Another important factor to address is safe and hygienic conditions during working hours. This will add advantage to selling point and increase trust on market place. Also it motivates the workers to be loyal. Finding ethical suppliers can be costly, difficulties in managing, consumes time and need extra staff. Contract and subcontracts are made with suppliers who are responsible and serious to licenses, labour management, health and safety conditions. Choosing suppliers involves the below principles: * Employment of appropriate workers * Workplace safety * Pay and hours * Respect for individuals * Environmental standards * Ethical standards * Trade unions * Inspection requirements Supplier should be transparent and ready share all kind of information with the company. Frequent audit needs to be done to maintain the standards. consequently we believe we have a responsibility to support our home agricultural economies and to help rural communities to thrive. Consumers expect factory-prepared and packaged food always to be perfectly safe to eat. All food producers know that to deliver this mandatory standard requires complex technical skills and disciplines, minute attention...
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