...Part 1 Law of Conservation of Mass: New Knowledge Changes the Course of Research In the late-17th century, scientists believe that a substance called phlogiston is released in the process of burning a substance. (Wikipedia.org, 2016). • Georg Ernst Stahl applied the name phlogiston to J.J. Becher’s 1660 hypothesis (Britannica.com, 2016) In 1775, French chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier : • Disproved the existence of phlogiston (American Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks, 2016)., and • Discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass (Bohning, J., 1999). Discovery of the law of conservation of mass helped to turn chemistry into a quantitative science. Example 1: Before the Law of Conservation of Mass Aristotle endorsed the belief that there were only 4 elements - air, water, earth, and fire, that made up all matter. (California State University, n.d.). Alchemists, influenced by Aristotle, believed and were trying to convert metal to gold. (Columbia.edu, 2000). Scientist and alchemists believed a substance called phlogiston came out of burning material and was released into the air. (Lavoisier, M., n.d.) Example 2: Pivotal Change with the Discovery of Oxygen Beginning around 1770, Lavoisier weighed substances before and after heating them in sealed containers when conducting experiments and determined the substances did not lose weight when burned. (Bohning, J., 1999). He discovered that the element of oxygen in the air was...
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...relevant to basketball players because they need to maintain control over the ball. Too little inflation and the ball will not bounce high enough for them during dribbling to continue forward at maximum speed to score or they will not be able to pass the ball on a bounce because the ball may not make it to the next player. Too much inflation and the ball may become erratic and not go where it is intended during a pass and will be much more difficult to handle while dribbling. Literature Review The NBA (National Basketball Association) is the governing body for professional basketball in North America. In order for a basketball to meet regulation standards for professional games, the NBA states on page ten of their rule book in section II.f.(1) “ The ball shall be an officially approved NBA ball between 7 ½ and 8 ½ pounds of pressure” (National Basketball Association, 2013). The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) states in its rulebook in section 16, article 7 that “when [the ball] is dropped to the playing surface from a height of 6 feet measured to the bottom of the ball, it will rebound to a height, measured to the top of the ball, of not less than 49 inches when it strikes its least resilient spot nor more than 54 inches” (National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2014). It is standard for the NBA, FIBA, and NCAA to use only leather bound balls. The ball must be a maximum circumference of 29 inches according NBA and NCAA standards. The NBA does not list a maximum...
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...INT1 Task 3 Does Hot Water Freeze Faster Than Water at Room Temperature By Anon Project Design Plan Water has a fixed freezing point. While at the same altitude water will freeze at the same degrees Fahrenheit. According to the Mpemba effect, “As the liquid warms up, the hydrogen bonds stretch as the water gets less dense and the molecules move further apart.“ Condliffe, J. (2013, October 31). “Theories for the Mpemba effect have included: faster evaporation of hot water, therefore reducing the volume left to freeze; formation of a frost layer on cold water, insulating it; and different concentrations of solutes such as carbon dioxide, which is driven off when the water is heated.” Hot water freezes faster than cold - and now we know why. (2013, November 3) Literature Review Observing freezing times based on the liquid with various starting temperatures have been made throughout history. Aristotle, Rene Descartes, and recently Xi Xhang and his team from Mayang Technological University in Singapore have all performed experiments testing this theory. The Mphemba effect was named after a Tanzanian student who observed ice cream mixed faster when it was hot than when it was cold. To test this theory, Nikola Bregovic placed 30 ml of room temperature water with an immersed thermistor into an empty freezer. This experiment used deionized water, the same beakers, and the same thermistor. The experimenter then tested the freezing points of various starting water temperatures...
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...A. Project Plan/Problem Statement This experiment will test if salt increases how fast water comes to a rapid boil. I will determine if water will boil faster once salt is added to it. The experiment will use identical pots, amounts of water, temperature settings, starting temperatures, and the same stopwatch to ensure valid and accurate results. This experiment is relevant to the real world because it tests if water will come to a boil faster if a common house hold ingredient, salt, is added to it. A1. Literature Review I referenced two studies before completing my experiment. The first is from the Museum 4 Kids website, which asks the question if salt is added to boiling water will it increase the temperature. The experiments objective is to bring water to a boil (212 degrees Fahrenheit) and then add in the salt to see if this will see an increase in temperature. The study used two cups of boiling water and had their control temperature at 212.9 degrees Fahrenheit. The study added one tablespoon of salt to the boiling water at two separate points. The first when the water first came to a boil and the second when the temperature steadied after adding the first tablespoon of salt. The outcomes did show an increase in the boiling temperature. First raising it from the 212.9 degrees F to 215.6 degrees F and then 218.3 degrees F. The second study I used looked at the starting temperatures of water to see if hot or cold water would come to a boil faster. Their hypothesis...
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...Stephen Rueden INT1 Task 3 Sub domain 114.1.1 Scientific Concepts, Theories & Inquiry 4/17/2011 Literature Review: Elasticity and Hooke’s Law: In physics, elasticity is the physical property of a material that returns to its original shape after the stress that made it deform is removed (Elasticity, para. 1). Elasticity was first studied in the late seventeenth century by the English scientist Robert Hooke (16351703). He made observations about elasticity using metal springs and eventually developed what is known as Hooke’s Law: The restoring force exerted by an elastic object is proportional to how far it has been distorted from its equilibrium state. Everything we associate with springs, has some place in the behavior of balls (Bloomfield, p.69). When a ball or a spring returns to its equilibrium state, it releases stored energy. Isaac Newton and the Law of Universal Gravitation: Isaac Newton (16431727) studied gravity and its effects on falling objects. He is most famous for the three laws of motion. Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force pointing along the line intersecting both points. The earth’s gravity exerts a downward force on the ball, called the ball’s weight. Its weight causes the ball to accelerate downward (Bloomfield p. 10). Reasoning: What does elastic mean? When a rubber band gets stretched it returns to its original shape. What is something that is not elastic? When a piece of...
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...computing is a new area of research currently being studied [1]. Basically it’s not a technology it’s a computing model. We can also define Cloud computing as both the applications delivered as services over the internet and the hardware and system software in the data centers that provide those services [2]. OR type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources [3].Cloud computing purely relies on the fact that sharing computing resources rather to have applications on local servers or devices if resources are not equally distributed then this will result in resource wastage. The cloud computing platform guarantees subscribers that it sticks to the service level agreement (SLA) by providing resources as service and by needs based on the broker policy[4]. So in order to get maximum benefit from cloud computing there is need to dynamically balance the load among servers and improve utilization of resources. There are still some areas that are needed to be focused on in cloud computing. Resource Management Task Scheduling The task scheduling goals of Cloud computing is provide optimal tasks scheduling for users, and provide the entire cloud system throughput and QoS at the same time. Scheduling is the process of allocating tasks to available resources on the basis of tasks need [5].The main purpose for scheduling is to maximize the...
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...#include<process.h> class all { private: struct address { int house; char street[30]; char city[30]; char state[30]; char country[30]; }; struct age { int day; int month; int year; }; struct patient_info { char name[50]; address AD1; //nested structure implemented age A1; //nested structure inplemented int martial_status; int reg_no; int bld_group; int sex; }PI[100]; int task; protected: void enter_patient_info(); void show_patient_detail(); public: void software_detail(); void tasks(); char answer; char answer1; char ch; int serial; }; class date { private: int date; int month; int year; public: void enter_date(); void show_date(); }; class dob { private: struct dob1 { int date; int month; int year; int rem; }DOB11[100]; public: void enter_date(); void show_date(); }; int i=0; int rem; int count; int regis; int attempt; int temp; int show_count=0; all A1; //object declared date D1; //object declared dob DOB1; //object declared void main() { count=0; cout<<"Welcome to..."<<" "; cout<<" ***HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE***"<<" "; cout<<" By Mustafizur Rohman "<<" "; D1.enter_date(); A1.tasks(); } void all::tasks() { attempt=0; D1.show_date(); cout<<" ***HOSPITAL...
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...element has an index. Beginning index is 0 Example 1: Suppose we would like to store the scores of 4 students in a classroom // create an array called scores whose size is 4 and stores numbers of type double double[ ] scores= new double[4]; //Assign values to the elements of the array . scores [0]=90; scores[1]= 95; scores [2]=70; scores[3]= 60; 90 | 95 | 70 | 60 | scores [0] scores [1] scores [2] scores [3] Example 2: You can also assign values to array elements using an Initializer list: // create an double array called scores and fill it with the 4 test scores 90, 95, 70, 60 double[ ] scores = {90, 95, 70, 60}; 90 | 95 | 70 | 60 | scores [0] scores [1] scores [2] scores [3] * Write code to display the value of the third element in a label: lblOutput.Text = scores[2].ToString(); * write a line of code to get the length of the array int size = scores.Length; // size is 4 Exercise 1 Code | | string[] letters = {“A”,”B”};int size = letters.Length; | What is the value of size ?What is stored in letters[1] ? | Exercise 2 Code | | int[] numbers = {10,20,30};int size = numbers.Length; | What is the value of size ?What is the value of : numbers[0] + numbers[1] + numbers[2] ? | Exercise 3 Code | After code executes: | int[] numbers = {10,20,50};int size = numbers.Length;numbers[2]= numbers[0]+ numbers[1]; | What is stored in numbers[2] ? | Exercise 4 ...
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...LAB 4-1 BASIC SECURITY CONFIGURATION MAY 29TH, 2013 DEVRY LAB 4-1: BASIC SECURITY CONFIGURATION TASK 2: PERFORM BASIC ROUTER CONFIGURATIONS STEP 1: CONFIGURE ROUTERS Router(config)#hostname R1R1(config)#no ip domain lookupR1(config)#banner motd #Keep Out.#R1(config)#int fa0/1R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shutdownR1(config-if)#int s0/0/0R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000R1(config-if)#no shutdownR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#version 2R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 | Router(config)#hostname R2R2(config)#no ip domain-lookupR2(config)#banner motd #keep out!!#R2(config)#line con 0R2(config-line)#password ciscoR2(config-line)#loginR2(config-line)#line vty 0 4R2(config-line)#password ciscoR2(config)#int fa 0/1R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#int s0/0/0R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#int s0/0/1R2(config-if)#ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.252R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#version 2R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0R2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0R2(config-router)#network 10.2.2.0R2(config-router)#network 209.165.200.224R2(config-router)#endR2(config)#int loopback 0R2(config-if)#ip add 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224R2(config-if)#no shut | Router(config)#hostname...
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...Burglar Alarm Final Report Author: Sayed Ahmed Abdulla Jawad Student ID: 20900032 Academic Supervisor: David Krause For Bahrain Polytechnic Acknowledgment I would like to express my best appreciation and gratitude to all tutors who helped me to be who I am and what I’m doing at the moment. Where I am today is a result of the hard work done in the past four years, As well as Mr. David Kruse my academic supervisor and mentor, who guided me through out the project and his encouragement to maintain my progress in track during the period of the project. I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation to my tutors that shared their knowledge with my self and us as a group of students, leading us to where we are. As well as Mr. Sayed Yousif who was supportive and helpful when facing a problem that...
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...Board 1- Create a new project and copy and paste the following code in the main.c file of your project. //*************************************************************************************** // MSP430 Blink the LED Demo - Software Toggle P1.0 // // Description; Toggle P1.0 by xor'ing P1.0 inside of a software loop. // ACLK = n/a, MCLK = SMCLK = default DCO // // MSP430x5xx // ----------------- // /|\| XIN|- // | | | // --|RST XOUT|- // | | // | P1.0|-->LED // // J. Stevenson // Texas Instruments, Inc // July 2011 // Built with Code Composer Studio v5 //*************************************************************************************** #include <msp430.h> int main(void) { WDTCTL = WDTPW + WDTHOLD; // Stop watchdog timer P1DIR |= 0x01; // Set P1.0 to output direction for (;;) { volatile unsigned int i; // volatile to prevent optimization P1OUT ^= 0x01; // Toggle P1.0 using exclusive-OR i = 10000; // SW Delay do i--; while (i != 0); } } 2- Google the “for” and “while” loops in C++ and describe how they work here. We will use them very often in programming. Answer: * For loop is used like an infinite loop and it helps for doing same blinking task recursively...
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...Task 1 LO 1.1 All high-level programming languages support the concept of data types. A data type defines a set of values that a variable can store along with a set of operations. Data types are used to store various types of data which is managed by program. Data type attaches with variable to determine the number of bytes to be allocate to variable and valid operations which can be performed on that variable. Although C has several built-in data types, it is not a strongly typed language, as are Pascal and Ada. C supports various data types and here some common data type as character, integer and floating-point types. C defines five foundational data types as defined below: ▪ character ▪ integer ▪ floating-point ▪ double floating-point ▪ valueless These are declared as by char, int, float, double, and void, respectively. These types form the basis for some other types also. The extent and choice of these and data types may contrast amongst processor natures and compilers. However, in all belongings an object of type char is 1 byte. C stores character type inside as an integer. Each character has 8 bits so, we can have 256 different characters values (0-255). Character set is used to map between an integer value and a character. The size of an int is ordinarily the same as the word length of the implementation setting of the program. C has 3 classes of integer storage namely short int, int and long int. All of these data types...
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...COSC5315 Group Project due: November 25/26, 2014 Exploration of Grammar/Acceptor/Language Applications Task: This is a group project for which up to four people can work together. Your task is to write a report of no more than seven pages on application of Grammars or Acceptors or Languages of any type or types, 0, 1, 2, or 3. One such application is a design of a CFG for an abbreviated version of java illustrated by the following java program. Your report must be well organized with some suitable headings such as introduction that includes (a) your own preference/reason for choosing a particular application when others are also available, (b) anticipated results or findings and (c) how work/labor is divided among group members in case of a group work, (d) the main body that clearly shows a detailed process of realizing a particular practical application, and (e) conclusion that includes what you think you really have learned, if any, and what you think is the contributions/benefits of the application you explored. //** import java.util.*; public class BinarySearchTree //visibility modifier can be also private { public class TreeNode // an inner class of class BinarySearchTree, for binary trees { // 3 private instance variables //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// private int data; // visibility modifier can be also public or protected and // type can be also float, double, char, short, long or boolean private TreeNode leftLink; ...
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...Task Summary Actions you were required to perform Change the switch hostname to Branch1 Add a description to FastEthernet 0/1 Add a description to FastEthernet 0/2 Add a description to FastEthernet 0/3 Add a description to FastEthernet 0/24 Save the switch changes Hide Details Save the hostname Save the FastEthernet 0/1 description Save the FastEthernet 0/2 description Save the FastEthernet 0/3 description Save the FastEthernet 0/24 description Change the router hostname to SFO Add a description to FastEthernet0/0 Add a description to Serial 0/1/0 Add a description to Serial 0/1/1 Save the router changes Hide Details Save the hostname Save the FastEthernet 0/0 description Save the Serial 0/1/0 description Save the Serial 0/1/1 description Explanation Use the following commands to complete these tasks: Press Enter Switch>enable Switch#configure terminal Switch(config)#hostname Branch1 Branch1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1 Branch1(config-if)#description Wrk1 Branch1(config-if)#interface FastEthernet0/2 Branch1(config-if)#description Wrk2 Branch1(config-if)#interface FastEthernet0/3 Branch1(config-if)#description Wrk3 Branch1(config-if)#interface FastEthernet0/24 Branch1(config-if)#description Default gateway Branch1(config-if)#exit Branch1(config)#exit Branch1#copy running-config startup-config Use similar commands on the router to modify the hostname and the interface descriptions...
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...DoF Robotic Arm Prototype for carrying out the in-vessel tasks in a Tokamak Submitted by Sudeepti Srivastava, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad Project Guides: Mr N.Raviprakash 1 Certificate This is to certify that Ms Sudeepti Srivastava from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad has successfully completed her project on “Design and Development of Control system for a 4 DoF Robotic Arm Prototype for carrying out the in-vessel tasks in a tokamak” as a part of Summer School Program 2012, conducted at the Institute for Plasma Research. Her overall performance in the program was found to be excellent. Project Guide: Mr N Raviprakash 2 Design and Development of Control system for a 4 DoF Robotic Arm Prototype for carrying out the in-vessel tasks in a tokamak Submitted by Sudeepti Srivastava, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad ABSTRACT The main focus of this work was to design, develop and implementation of a prototype robotic arm with enhanced control for proof of concept of how to carry out in-vessel remote handling tasks in fusion experiments going inside a tokomak. The robot arm was designed with four degrees of freedom and talented to accomplish accurately simple tasks, such as light material handling, which will be integrated into a mobile platform that serves as an assistant for carrying remote handling tasks inside a tokomak. The robot arm is equipped with several...
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