...This essay is a reflective evaluation of the skills of counselling applied to loss and grief in a student’s process of learning how to travel the journey of the therapeutic relationship with the client. The essay will contain reflections of verbatim examples from during the practice session in which Steven Felice is the client, and Caroline Roberts the counsellor. The essay will also discuss via relevant literature the process of person-centred counselling in the focus of loss through bonds of attachment and continuing bonds. The practice session took place in counselling room two, at ACAP on the 21st of April 2010, between Steven Felice and Caroline Roberts. Steven wanted to discuss the loss of a friendship. This friendship for Steven was a friendship that had begun in early childhood and carried a deep bond of attachment, for which Steven is finding the loss hard to accept. During the session I spent the majority of the time listening to Steven and reflecting as best I could the content and emotion of his experience. When dealing with loss in relation to friendships it is important to offer the client the same respect to emotional depth of expression as that of a person experiencing loss from a death. For Steven the loss of significance surrounded his childhood friend no longer wishing to be as close as usual due to her recent change of religious affiliation. For Steven this seems difficult to accept, as he was willing to try to understand and acknowledge her needs and...
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...social phenomenon by which a minority or sub-group is excluded, and their needs or desires ignored. This is a result of discrimination because the individual feels like they are being pushed out of the group and are treated differently due to protected characteristics and therefore in the end they actually will be marginalised and excluded from society. Disempowerment - to cause (a person or a group of people) to be less likely than others to succeed : to prevent (a person or group) from having power, authority, or influence This is a result of discrimination because if power and authority is frequently taken away, eventually they will become disempowered. Removing someone’s choice and ability. May lead to stress or depression. Loss of appetite, malnourished - more susceptible to illness. Low self-esteem - A person with low self-esteem feels unworthy, incapable, and incompetent. In fact, because the person with low self-esteem feels so poorly about him or herself, these feelings may actually cause the person's continued low self-esteem. Low self-identity - Self-identity is the awareness of one's unique identity. An example of self-identity is the feeling of a teenager that she can be who she is instead of falling into the pressures of drugs and alcohol. Restricted opportunities - This is when not all individuals receive the same opportunities as everyone else based on things like age, culture, sex, colour, religion, class, etc. Negative behaviours such as...
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...Ultimately, counselling is (or should be) about learning and practicing how to HELP YOURSELF. A counsellor's job or task is to help others to help themselves! A misconception among general society about counselling relates to advice giving. A counsellor should only give advice in certain or particular situations or under certain circumstances such as if somebody is pointing a dealy weapon to their own head (the counsellor could rightfully use "shoulds" then in such circumstances). Generally, for a counsellor to give advice is going against the principles of what counselling is about or intended to be (if used correctly) A core idea of counselling as a general rule of thumb is for the client (or person receiving counselling) to grow in him or...
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...Assignment 1 Question 1 A job description for a volunteer counsellor on marriage guidance, The person required for this job must be fully qualified, previous experienced not accentual but would be preferred, good telephone manner required as counselling would be given over the telephone. Question 2 Help for Heroes; a charity that provides counselling to help the recovery of the armed forces. ChildLine; a charity that provide counselling to children that have been or are still victims or cruelty. Relate; helps to provide relationship guidance to the whole family. Cruse; helps provide counselling to people who have suffered from bereavement. Question 3 I would make a client feel at ease by introducing myself as they come into the room, that I would offer a handshake and a warm friendly smile. I would start by explaining what the session will include so they have an understanding of how the time they have will be used. I would also make sure that it is a quite environment or that of which the client may tell me will help them to relax and feel at ease. Question 4 Anorexia Nervosa is a form of eating disorder where the person develops and obsession with dieting, losing weight and food. Anorexia Nervosa will usually have begun to develop under the age of 20 but is not always the case. 5% of these cases are men as it is sometime know as the “celebrity illness” to which is mostly seen in young women. Question 5 PMS stands for Pre-menstrual syndrome...
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...procedures and responsibilities for both the employees and employer to participate in harmony to overcome the components and mange those which give rise to anxiety and depression. The approach if being managed professionally will arrest the negative mental health of the employees which will add up to incremental productivity which will eliminate cost and bear revenue generations for the organisations. Introduction : Sociological, economical, political and environmental aspects have given to increase trends in anxiety and depression across all sects of human beings across the world. This is leading to the withdrawal symptoms of employees resulting to absenteeism, error in work, low productivity which is resulting to increase of cost and loss of revenue which is having an economic impact in the society as well as the country. This article follows through the concept of anxiety and depression, referring the various theories which have been taken as case studies, the management of this neurological disorders, therapeutic evaluation and results. The article concludes as it...
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...Lucinda Rossouw P.O. Box 66037 Riebeeckstad 9469 Student number: 42515270 Module code: EDPHOD8 Assignment 01 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. EVALUATION AND PLANNING 2 1.1. The effects of a traumatic experience 2 1.2. Observation of effects 3 1.2.1. Effects of a poor stepparent relationship and/or signs of abuse 3 1.2.2. Possible signs of racism 3 1.3. Possible effects of Maslow's hierarchy of needs on James's behaviour 4 2. COUNSELLING FOR JAMES 5 2.1. Counselling and support for learning problems 5 2.2. Psychological development, contribution of stage to behaviour and 6 developmental goal 2.3. Parent involvement/parent counselling 7 2.4. Guidelines for an individual assistance programme 7 1. EVALUATION AND PLANNING 1.1. The effects of a traumatic experience During trauma, normal functioning disintegrates in people. When a person perceives a threat, the initial stages of a complex, total-body response will begin. The brain orchestrates, directs, and controls this response. The more threatened an individual feels, the further their brain and body will be shifted along an arousal continuum in an attempt to ensure appropriate mental and physical responses to the challenges of the threat. The cognitive (thinking), emotional, and behavioural functioning of the individual will all reflect this shift along the arousal continuum. During the traumatic event, all aspects...
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...What is the client centred method? Explain why it is so widely used in the people profession. Corey (1996) identifies the importance of the psychotherapist Carl Rogers work in developing the client centred approach. Rogers, renowned internationally influenced many. He believed that for change to occur in client’s behaviour and thinking there was a great need for a non judgemental approach and an acceptance of the client by the therapist. Firstly Zimring and Raskin (1992) identified that there was different stages of progression in the client centred approach. Rogers (1940) initially named client centred therapy, non directive counselling because it was a contrasting method compared with the directive and traditional psychoanalytical methods. It challenged the main idea of counselling that the therapist should lead the session. Instead his approach was centred on reflection and clarification of the client. Merry and Lusty (1995) express that reflection emphasised the therapist to be listening and understanding the client rather than a passive activity which simply repeated what the client has said. Acceptance of the client’s ideas and feelings was an important influence in this method. According to Zimring and Raskin (1992) The approach was later renamed in the 1950’s as the client centred therapy for a variety of reasons, firstly, the client seemed a larger influence in the therapy rather than the non directive approach. Thorne (1992) looked at how his theory was developed...
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...Assignment 01 PYC3705 ____________________________________________ The organisation that I am currently thinking of engaging with is that of the “City of Johannesburg – Human Development Programmes”. This organisation is all about improving the quality of life of all Johannesburg citizens, envisaging a future city with improved social and human development realities. Through these programmes they hope to one day achieve enhanced quality of life for all the citizens, the so-called “Growth & Development Strategy 2040”. The Mission statement of this organisation is “to advance human development in Johannesburg by addressing poverty, inequality and social exclusion”. In sustaining this mission statement some of their goals include addressing household poverty through supporting poor and vulnerable households, emphasis is placed on rights and opportunities to address inequalities and lastly the introducing of social inclusion prospects in Johannesburg communities to eradicate social exclusion. Their strategic interventions include the promoting of the development of women and youth and access to social support for all groups. With regards to the statement of “where are they going”, as stated before in the GDS 2040 their hopes are to enhance the quality of life of all citizens in the near future, with some of its objectives being increased activities that empower women and the youth, providing knowledge to citizens on the process to attain social grants as well as eliminating...
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...TITLE PAGE COURSE TITLE: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES, YEAR 2 ESSAY TITLE: DEPRESSION DUE DATE: 13/04/07 DATE SUBMITTED: 13/04/07 Everyone experiences variations in moods. Many people at some point in life feel disappointment, grief that accompanies the loss of a loved one, or just the simple blues. Severe or prolonged depression that interferes with one’s ability to function, feel pleasure or maintain interest is not a mere case of the blues. It is an illness. Researchers have demonstrated that it results from a biochemical imbalance in the brain called depression. Depression is a major unrecognized health problem and is among the most common and destructive of illnesses in the Ireland today Depression, it’s something all of us have experienced in some point and time in our lives, whether it was for a day or for years. Most of the people that it affects aren’t even aware of the serious complications depression creates and if they are they don’t admit to themselves they would be clinically diagnosed with depression. One in fourteen workers, or 300,000 Irish People are currently suffering from Depression. (7.7% of the population) And 10,000 people are hospitalised with Depression each year. One in four men and one in two women will experience depression in their lives. Three out of four people hide their depression from their employers, supervisors and work colleagues. The economic cost for this disorder is high, but the cost in human suffering cannot be estimated...
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..."There are a broad range of counselling micro skills that can be utilized effectively in therapy sessions. Within the context of their personal history, effective micro skill applications can encourage clients to tell their stories in colourful and extensive detail. Such effective implementation of micro skills facilitates the development of rapport and a positive therapeutic alliance thereby permitting clients to enrich their perspectives regarding problem and opportunity situations in their lives (Egan, 2007). Three important counseling techniques will be explored, all of which have been clinically demonstrated to be efficacious in a broad range of counseling settings (Egan). The skills of active listening, empathy and sharing empathic highlights will be discussed and analysed within the framework of a counselling case study. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the use, efficacy and deficiencies of how these skills were employed within a counselling session with a mother, let's call her Mary. Mary presented to counselling with a five year history of frustrated attempts to get her daughter to sleep consistently in her own bed. On one hand, she had gone to extraordinary efforts to influence and sustain effective sleep patterns in her daughter. On the other, a feeling of being out of control permeated drained resourcefulness. Mary felt she was too compliant with her daughter's unwilling behaviour and sought help from a counsellor. The surface structure of...
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...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the Therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Contents Introduction Carl Rogers. Background and Influences Theoretical Constructs Strengths and Weaknesses Conclusion Notes References Introduction In this essay I will be discussing the viability of Person-Centred Therapy as an exclusive method of treatment for clients. Without an appreciation of this approach it would be difficult to judge the merits of the claim as laid out in the main essay title. Therefore I will begin with an introduction to Carl Rogers, his background and influences. In this essay I will explore the main theoretical constructs. Following on from this I will look at the advantages of this approach and consider its success in treating psychological disorders. Although Carl Rogers inspired many, he was not without his Critics. Therefore I will include the difficulties and doubts expressed by other Practitioners in order to get an opposing viewpoint. I will end with my evaluation of the claim itself and the reasons why I have arrived at my conclusions. Carl Rogers Background and Influences Carl Rogers was born in Illinois, Chicago, in 1902. His parents were middle-class, respectable and hard-working. His Father was a Civil Engineer and his Mother a stay-at-home housewife. Carl was the fourth child in a family of six children. Rogers’...
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...EFFECTIVE STUDY HABITS IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR: COUNSELLING IMPLICATIONS. OGBODO, Rosemary Ochanya PhD Continuous Education FCT College of Education Zuba. Abuja email: rosemaryochanyaogbodo@yahoo.com Abstract The problem most students have that contributes to their poor performance in tests and examination is lack of proper study habit. For an excellent performance, there is need for the student to form good study habit. A student, who wants to study well, needs to choose a suitable place for his studies. Where to study is as important as what to study and how to go about studying. Productive study habits require learners to prepare personal time-table for themselves allocating a certain length of time for a particular subject, depending on how difficult each subject is. Different methods of studying are well explained here. Key Words: Counselling, Study habits, Reading habits, Education Introduction In School, high academic performance has been attributed to students‟ effective study habits. This is the reason why the teacher tries to adopt many techniques to help the students to learn. There will be a brief explanation of the topic, followed by the need for planning effective study habit programme. A description of the typology of study habits will be supported by recommendation for techniques of effective study habits. The counsellor‟s role in the formation of study habits will form the concluding section. The learner‟s Dictionary has defined study as a “mental effort to obtain...
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...229 EFFECTIVE STUDY HABITS IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR: COUNSELLING IMPLICATIONS. OGBODO, Rosemary Ochanya PhD Continuous Education FCT College of Education Zuba. Abuja email: rosemaryochanyaogbodo@yahoo.com Abstract The problem most students have that contributes to their poor performance in tests and examination is lack of proper study habit. For an excellent performance, there is need for the student to form good study habit. A student, who wants to study well, needs to choose a suitable place for his studies. Where to study is as important as what to study and how to go about studying. Productive study habits require learners to prepare personal time-table for themselves allocating a certain length of time for a particular subject, depending on how difficult each subject is. Different methods of studying are well explained here. Key Words: Counselling, Study habits, Reading habits, Education Introduction In School, high academic performance has been attributed to students‟ effective study habits. This is the reason why the teacher tries to adopt many techniques to help the students to learn. There will be a brief explanation of the topic, followed by the need for planning effective study habit programme. A description of the typology of study habits will be supported by recommendation for techniques of effective study habits. The counsellor‟s role in the formation of study habits will form the concluding section. The learner‟s Dictionary has defined study as a “mental effort to...
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...The NBA is very weak on testing players who are new or veterans. In 1983 the NBA adopted the anti-drug policy. Based on fair causes all players are subjected to random drug testing during pre- season with rookies tested three times on a random basis throughout the season. The league works with The National Center for Drug Free Sport to administer tests and transmit the results to them. The first offense for being tested positive for the usage of PEDS is a 5 game suspension and mandatory attendance in the leagues Anti-Doping counselling. Second offense is a 10 game suspension and continued counselling. Third offense 25 game suspension and continued counselling. Fourth offense is minimum 2 years suspension. The NFL banned its substance policy in 1987. For many years it was known as...
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...ETHICAL ISSUES IN COUNSELLING Introduction In recent years, counsellors have taken important steps to develop clearer professional identity. Counsellors regard themselves as a specialised sub-group within the helping professions. A critical criterion for any professional group is the development and utilization of relevant ethical standards. Knowledge about ethical issues is important as these issues have legal implications. The topic under discussion also presents examples of issues of ethical concern, which may crop up in the course of counselling and how to deal with them. The study of this issues will enable the counsellor to: * avoid legal complications in the course of his/her work as a counsellor * deal appropriately with ethical issues * advise committee members appropriately on complications of counselling the students Ethics According to Ackummey (2003) Ethics are the dos and don’ts of a profession. They are the agreed standard or code governing the profession. Every profession such as teaching, law, medicine and nursing, has its own ethics. Counsellors are increasingly searching for professional status and as such need to satisfy the criteria for every profession. In Ghana, the counselling profession is still young and does not have any specific code of conduct like the teaching profession but there are general universal guidelines to which every counsellor is expected to conform. Guidelines Some of the guidelines a counsellor must use include the following:...
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