...Holden is constantly experiencing an internal battle between wanting to stay an adolescent and transitioning into adulthood. He creates a separate world within his own mind in order to distance himself from the real, adult world. His life of falsehood affects his mental health and isolates him from the rest of society. Holden is a teenager who has been affected by a traumatic event, the loss of his younger brother. J.D. Slinger cleverly illustrates the possible effect on mental stability post-trauma. Many other authors have also explored the topic of mental health in their novels. It is a timeless subject that has, in the past, been incorporated into many successful pieces of...
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...In the "Lord of the Flies" the readers sees the school boys lose control of the situation due to youthful inexperience. William Golding interprets this to give it a deeper meaning, describing the breakdown as a reveal of human nature and its desire to break through society's regulations. Virtue rapidly descends and the naivety of the dangers clears away, the fight for survival is not of the physically demanding aspect but of the mind. Golding illustrates loss of innocence in character development, in the lack of democracy, and symbolism as a result of the struggle between civilization versus savagery. Initial impressions of the main characters tell the readers of the immaturity of the mass, excluding Piggy.1 The severe lack of panic that is replaced with joyful curiosity foreshadows mass turn of events that will soon turn the perceived island paradise into a dystopian land. The first character that leads the rest into a domino effect of savagery is Jack. He starts of hunting and insists the urgency of meat in contrast of the fire. Priority is given to surviving on the...
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...In the novel Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, I believe Holden suffers from several psychological mood disorders, because of this, Holden’s decisions and thoughts affect himself, and everyone around him. He seems to think that all adults around him are considered phonies, and he continues to push them away to protect himself. Holden is deemed to be an outsider to everyone else; Salinger captures the whole story of an undeveloped teenager living in the big scary world. Because of his perception of the world, Holden uses isolation as a way to protect himself. We will cover the possibility of separation being a mental disorder, how Holden would rather spend his life solitary and how characters in other stories deal with isolation, and how Holden discerns the world around him. Throughout the story, Holden seems to have a negative perspective of the world around him. This is caused by a mood disorder such as Post-traumatic stress disorder or Borderline personality disorder. At the beginning of the novel, Holden experiences a traumatic event of the loss of his brother Allie. In the story Catcher in the Rye, Holden struggles to cope with Allie’s death. I was only thirteen, and they were going to have...
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...order crimes." Answer: Public order crimes are crimes against the public consensus of morality. Sometimes public order crimes are called victimless crimes, as there is no clear victim that can be identified. A crime against the public order is quite different than a crime against a person. Violent and property crimes are a direct victimization against a person. The victim has been affected by violence and the act has caused a loss of something of value. Moral entrepreneurs can be individuals or may belong to a group, or formal organization that takes on the responsibility of persuading society to develop or to enforce new rules that are consistent with its own ardently held moral beliefs. They tend to be rule creators by crusading for the passage of rules, laws, and policies against behaviors they find abhorrent or as rule enforcers by administering and implementing them. Although these are different and distinct roles, the effect of moral entrepreneurship, according to Howard Becker who coined the term, is the formation of a new class of outsiders whose behavior now violates these newly minted regulations and therefore is subject to the degrading label of “deviant.” 2. Why are public order crimes called "victimless crimes?" Take either drug abuse or prostitution and explain why it could be seen a "victimless crime," and why it may not be as victimless as one might think, with many indirect victims of that activity. Be specific! Answer: A victimless crime is one...
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...just some respect, you know nothing big, other than a thank you, that's all. So when you finish writing, just remember thanks mysterious keyboard writer, you saved my ass. With out further a due, my essay: The American Dream In the non-fiction novel In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, four horrific murders shock the small, innocent town of Holcomb, Kansas, the murders all occur on one night killing an entire family. Before the killings, the town felt like a family. The citizens of Holcomb were seen as good people, innocent and free of worry. However, after the Clutter murders take place, a community that seems so tightly knit quickly dissipates. The murder of the Clutter family causes a loss of innocence for the citizens of Holcomb as well as for the murderers (Dick and Perry). This loss of innocence undermines the American dream for not only the citizens of Holcomb, but also for Dick and Perry. Herb Clutter, a man of success, great respect, seems to live the American Dream. He owns a large house, possesses a farm, and has a loving family. Herb runs the Four H club and holds a very active position in his church. The citizens of Holcomb think of Herb as a leader, a friend, and a mentor. But in a matter of seconds, everything Herb works so hard for vanishes before his eyes. “Everything Herb had, he earned- with the help of God. He was a modest man but a proud man, as he had the right to be. He raised a fine family. He made something of his life.” (49). Herb believes he earns everything...
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...Sixteen years after a sixteen-year-old wrote this book, Francis Ford Coppola turned this novel into a movie. The book is a coming-of-age novel, but the movie focuses on the characters' loss of innocence. The movie follows the story line very closely. The reader is only told that this story takes place in the southwest, but the movie places it in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the year 1966. It also changes the conflict from the East Side versus the West side to the northside versus the southside. This minor directional change was probably made due to the relative time proximity to the musical West Side Story, which won the best picture Academy Award in l961. However, as with all movies, character insight that is critical to understanding the story is lost when the format goes from the written word to the screen. Ponyboy is telling us the story, the same as in the book, but the 91-minute film only glosses over many character relationships. <a href="http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/CNSite/;navArea=CLIFFSNOTES2_LITERATURE;type=Lit_Note;kword=SE_Hinton;kword=The_Outsiders;contentItemId=139;tile=3;sz=300x250;ord=123456789?" target="_blank"><img src="http://ad.doubleclick.net/ad/CNSite/;navArea=CLIFFSNOTES2_LITERATURE;type=Lit_Note;kword=SE_Hinton;kword=The_Outsiders;contentItemId=139;tile=3;sz=300x250;ord=123456789?" width="300" height="250" border="0" alt="" /></a> With the exception of Ponyboy, the viewer misses out on knowing most of the novel's characters. Darry and Soda...
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...LAW BALANCING COMPETING INTERESTS IN CORPORATE CONTRACTS I. Introduction As an abstract entity, a company can enter into contracts[1] only as a principal through the actions of a natural person (agent) exercising powers within the company’s express or implied authority.[2] Since outsiders and shareholders rarely transact directly, the agent may act opportunistically for their personal benefit.[3] Therefore, the appropriate objective of the law may be balancing in allocations of the risk of fraud and the costs of its avoidance.[4] In other terms, the rule must balance between the business convenience[5] for the outsider and commercial morality factors[6] to prevent fraud.[7] This essay attempts to answer whether the Australian law has got the balance right by analysing the issues relating to remained uncertainties in current statutory provisions. II. Innocent Parties According to the general law of agency, the contract will not bind the company if its agent or organ enters into the contract without actual or apparent authority.[8] This may have harsh outcomes for the outsider who may suffer significant loss (e.g. cases of loan transactions). Therefore, outsiders are always in risky position because of uncertainty of the agent’s authority to enter the contract and unawareness of company’s internal irregularities. On the other hand, if the contract would be binding to the company, the shareholders, who have not authorised the agent to enter into that contract...
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...and identification, mental well-being and acknowledged self-worth in his life. It is though universally acknowledged how, for every medal, there are always two inevitably opposite sides. Although hockey itself became his medium of escapism from psychological oppression, it also harvested feelings of exclusion and peer pressure. The attempt to accomplish his idea of cultural acceptance and mutual respect while trying to find his sense of worthiness and mental freedom in the rink was challenged by a discriminatory Canadian society possessing the brainless idea of hockey being “their game” (Wagamese 94). Abandoned by his parents, Saul’s sense of loneliness was reinforced at St. Jerome’s residential school and his beliefs, as well as his innocence, became compromised by the staff’s attempt to brainwash him through assimilation of western culture (81). Despite the progressive development of his sense of unworthiness, Saul was extremely connected to his natural environment thanks to his grandmother’s teachings, and was flabbergasted to find out of the existence of a sport played on ice in outside rinks, which reminded him of the freedom he could not obtain. We can readily see in the...
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...The directors of Toyota Motors India were held responsible for the dead of one individual when the airbags in his car did not work. The case was dropped only after the company agreed to compensate the family of the deceased. Not only can lawsuits be filed against the directors by outsiders, it can be filed by the company itself and even the shareholders. A shareholder lawsuit was filed against General Motors that alleged the board of directors did not perform its duty in preventing the mounting losses from the sale of vehicles with faulty and deadly ignition switches. In Iredand a legal action against four former directors of the Irish Nationwide Building Society had to be settled out of court. This was done when a group of shareholders accused the directors for the loss incurred by the company due to the non profitable investments made by the board. In India , when a bus belonging to Orbit Transportation Company was involved in a hit and run case , the opposition parties demanded the removal and arrest of the Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab who happened to be a director of the...
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...Child labour in British Literature Child labour is very popular topic and motif in British Literature. Many famous authors base their novels on this term. Industrialisation led to a dramatic increase in child labour. Children were working in factories and mines what was very exhausted and dangerous. Child labour was not an invention of the Industrial Revolution. Poor children have always started work as soon as their parents could find employment for them. But in much of pre-industrial Britain, there simply was not very much work available for children. This changed with industrialisation. The new factories and mines were hungry for workers and required the execution of simple tasks that could easily be performed by children. The result was a surge in child labour – presenting a new kind of problem that Victorian society had to tackle. Research has shown that the average age at which children started work in early 19th- century Britain was 10 years old, but that this varied widely between regions. In industrial areas, children started work on average at eight and a half years old. Most of these young workers entered the factories as piecers, standing at the spinning machines repairing breaks in the thread. A few started as scavengers, crawling beneath the machinery to clear it of dirt, dust or anything else that might disturb the mechanism. In the mines, children usually started by minding the trap doors, picking out coals at the pit mouth, or by...
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...alone. Holden battles with the reality of adulthood that has turn a different turn on his life. We get to this stage where we fear to grow up and see what will be coming for us next in the future. Salinger’s novel clearly displays the experience of being isolated from multiple activities which can lead to the theme of alienation, the creation of the character (Holden) and also the symbolism which can be unnoticed. Salinger tries to convey a message with his writing to also displaying human connection is a must. The theme of “The Catcher in the Rye” is alienation which connects to Holden (the protagonist) observing others as “phony”, his lack of love and his relationship with others. The characters in “The Catcher in the Rye” are seen as outsiders because of their beliefs of the society. Holden and others feel alienated because they do not have the characteristics to be “accepted” from the society. Holden often excludes himself from the world, he feels trapped and does not know if he belongs. Throughout the book, alienation is a protecting shield for Holden from the rest of the world. The isolation is revealed as he feels that he's better than others. Also, that he refuses to interact with others and is in his own personal bubble and does not want it to be popped. The characters in the novel reflect a lack of affection which lead them to feel isolated. Throughout the novel, Holden does not mention his parents but if he does, it is about the absence reflected on his life. Holden...
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...Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values,reason, mind, and language Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group". The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom". The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras. The Main Branches of Philosophy are divided as to the nature of the questions asked in each area. The integrity of these divisions cannot be rigidly maintained, for one area overlaps into the others. A. Axiology: the study of value; the investigation of its nature, criteria, and metaphysical status. More often than not, the term "value theory" is used instead of "axiology" in contemporary discussions even though the term “theory of value” is used with respect to the value or price of goods and services in economics. Axiology is usually divided into two main parts. Ethics: the study of values in human behavior or the study of moral problems: e.g., (1) the rightness and wrongness of actions, (2) the kinds of things which are good or desirable, and (3) whether actions are blameworthy or praiseworthy. ...
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...Redemption as a means to Salvation Is the story of Jesus mainly about his death and a life that leads to it, or is the story of Jesus mainly about his life and a death that flows from it? On one view, it hardly matters: these are just two ways of looking at the same thing. On a more combative view, the difference is as great as night and day. Does the cross belong on the sleeves (and hearts) of Christians, as the glorious core of their faith, or does it belong in the repair shop, in need of drastic repairs, the primary Christian embarrassment for believers and an offense to outsiders? The disagreement is not over Jesus’ death as a fact. Both sides largely agree about the reality and circumstances of the crucifixion and, for that matter, of the resurrection. At least, the disagreement within one side on these issues is as great as the disagreement between the sides. No, the conflict revolves around a theology of the cross, a theology that says Jesus’ death is the supreme saving act, and that the equation of guilt, punishment and grace worked out through the execution of the innocent, divine victim in place of a rightly condemned humanity provides the essential sum of Christianity itself. This theology is composed of many elements in scripture and tradition -- references to Jesus’ death as a sacrifice, ideas of redemptive suffering, and a deep tradition of eucharistic remembrance that Jesus died "for us." These elements appear in all branches and eras of Christian tradition...
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...pleasure to meet you, Mr Golding," said King Carl XVI Gustaf, presenting William Golding with the Nobel Prize in 1983. "I had to do Lord of the Flies at school" (Monteith, 1986:63). The Swedish king's words may well be echoed by countless people worldwide who have "had to do" Golding's first novel in various English courses. Indeed, this "unpleasant novel about small boys behaving unspeakably on a desert island" (1) may well have been done to death by exhaustive but reductive reading and teaching. Where Lord of the Flies has been read reductively, Original Sin writ large over it, readers have tended to respond to the novel in terms of its doleful view of humanity or its perceived theology. Its initial success reflected post-war pessimism, the loss of what Golding (1988a:163) has called his generation's "liberal and naive belief in the perfectability of man". Although the novel does not groan under a dogmatic burden to the extent that some critics have alleged, it has seemed the prime example of Golding's earlier writing, a tightly structured allegory or fable. … It is not surprising that the Bible's first and last books, on humankind's "origins and end" beyond the horizons of knowledge, turn to symbolic narrative. In Lord of the Flies Golding draws heavily on imagery from Genesis and the Apocalypse, together with prophetic eschatological imagery, as this article will attempt to indicate. As the primitive myths were essentially magical and religious, Frazer (1957:169), in his great...
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...Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes for English Literature For first AS Examination in 2009 For first A2 Examination in 2010 Subject Code: 5110 Contents Specimen Papers Assessment Unit AS 2 Assessment Unit A2 1 Resource Booklet Assessment Unit A2 2 1 3 9 15 25 Mark Schemes Assessment Unit AS 2 Assessment Unit A2 1 Assessment Unit A2 2 29 31 61 95 Subject Code QAN QAN 5110 500/2493/0 500/2421/8 A CCEA Publication © 2007 Further copies of this publication may be downloaded from www.ccea.org.uk Specimen Papers 1 2 ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education 2009 English Literature Assessment Unit AS 2 assessing The Study of Poetry Written after 1800 and the Study of Prose 1800-1945 SPECIMEN PAPER TIME 2 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer two questions. Answer one question from Section A and one question from Section B. Section A is open book. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 120. All questions carry equal marks, ie 60 marks for each question. Quality of written communication will be assessed in all questions. 3 Section A: The Study of Poetry Written after 1800 Answer one question on your chosen pairing of poets. Heaney: Opened Ground Montague: New Selected Poems 1 John Montague and Seamus Heaney both write about the Irish past. Compare and contrast the two poets’...
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