...Native Americans Throughout Thomas C Threatt Jr Ethics 125 May 4th, 2014 Jenna Schulte Native Americans Throughout * Native Americans living in the present-day United States are made up of many different distinct tribes and ethicize many of who have survive as intact political communities. Native American throughout history has had an impact on each aspect of the United States history and growth. The experiences that this group of Americans has be blight in their eyes or prosperous in others view. In their eyes they have seen, genocide, slavery, and robbery of their people from Europeans that found this native land. From the beginning when Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World in 1492. He made several trips to and from Europe and Hispaniola. By the time European settlers had started to arrive around 1500-1600, all the Native Americans living in the east of the Mississippi River part of the United States had been killed off by introducing them to new diseases from decades of exploration of European countries. Since around the end of the 1500s, the European travelers that migrated to America led to hundreds of years of adjustment and fighting Native Americans and American Colonies. As settlers started to expand west; Pilgrims and settlers began to come into disagreements with the Plains, Basin and Western Tribes. They carried out resistance against American way of life for many years after the Civil War. Indian Wars was vast in numbers until the 1900...
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...Argument Analysis “Perhaps the most intangible aspect of Native peoples’ existence is compromised within [tribal] stories” (Tsosie 302). In society today we are seeing the growth of other cultures being incorporated into the fashions trends, movies, and in commercial use. The term, “cultural appropriation”, comes into use when discussing the problems Native Americans face in society today. It is defined as “the taking- from a culture that is not one’s own-of intellectual property, cultural expressions or artifacts, history and the ways of knowledge” (Tsosie 310). Cultural appropriation today under the liberal tradition follow these suppositions “if non-Indians want to dress up like Indians and imitate Indian religion, then they should have the freedom to do so” (Tsosie 310). The fight for the right of ownership of cultural rights and property is not only intellectual but political as well. For many years, ethnic groups, especially Native Americans, have been in the fight to have returned what was originally them. They also argue that the portrayal of their culture in movies promote stereotypes about them within society (Tsosie 301). People misuse their clothing, symbols, and religious practices. Other arguments also exist like that “cultural appropriation harms the appropriated community because it interferes with the community’s ability to define itself and established its own identity” (Tsosie 313). In the United States, Native people are protected by “special rights” (Tsosie 301)...
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...Re-appropriated Fashion Cultural re-appropriation is extremely predominant in society today, especially in regards to fashion. One only needs to wait a couple decades after a trend goes out of style to eventually see its return into the hegemonic world. Many of the clothes in my own closet are derived from an ancestor that held an actual function or symbolism which over time has been recreated into a piece of clothing that is nothing more than a mainstream aesthetic apparel. High-waisted shorts were reintroduced in 2011, and oddly have been embraced by young women all across the nation, despite the previous norm of low-rise denim. Levi brand jeans first manufactured this unique style of short apparel in the early 1940s for women who were working in the fields while the men in their families were at war (Alvaranga 1). The high waist was designed to cover a woman’s midriff while still providing the comfort of wearing shorts in the heat. This functional garment carried into the 1950s as a fashion trend. Now, over 70 years after their inception, high-waisted shorts are designed in a variety of fabrics and styles for all occasions. A more controversial example of re-appropriation in today’s fashion is the use of “tribal” designs. Native Americans are known for their use of feathers, beading, and geometric patterns in their attire. This was first re-appropriated during the hippie movement of the 1960s. Hippies wore clothing from Native traditions as an expression of a generation...
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...author talks about the treatment of bodies, in particular Native bodies, and how colonial thought and theory regards Native people as inherently “rapable” and “violable,” a colonial conviction that stretches past the physical bodies of Natives, to Native independence and lands as well. She explains that patriarchy is the foundation by which power is established over Native women's bodies because hierarchal, patriarchal authority and control systems of society are seldom found within native societies. Europeans, on the other hand, have long depended on these methods to suppress and infuse fear into their people. Sexual violence, consequently, serves the colonizer as one way of assimilating Native women into Western society, which, therefore, increases Native vulnerability to gender violence. Sexual violence exists to such a degree, according to Smith, that the "phenomenon indicates the extent to which our communities have internalized self-hatred". Chapter 2, Boarding School Abuses and the Case for Reparations, give some examples for the above mentioned violence. Boarding school systems in the United States are described as a tool for genocide and rape/sexual dominance. This chapter focuses, as well, on the reparations for such wrongs, encompassed by her communication of "abuses from a reparations framework" that is essential for coalition-building and active sovereignty. She addresses the need for a Native American involvement in the global reparations movement, but also...
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...From the discovery of America, by Christopher Columbus, the Dutch, French, Spanish and English set out to explore, occupy and exploit North America. The English colonizers considered Native American communities as societies that still lived in a state of nature prior to the stage of development in which the Europeans lived, and using it, stripped them of their political organizations and their territories claiming that their properties and governments could not be recognized as legitimate. Native Americans were not organized politically like the English, they did not require a European legislative, judicial and executive institutions which according to the English constituted a universal criterion of political society. The reason why Native...
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...Report on Race As a descendant of the Native American race, I feel it is necessary to discuss the history of the Native American race with you. The Native American people have had many experiences over the years and many political, social, and cultural issues have been addressed through legislation. I hope this information will assist you in deepening your understanding of your Native American friends and gain additional insights into the state of the Native American people. The Native American people have suffered greatly over the last 200 years, but the situation is improving quickly. The history of what has happened contains both discriminatory legislation as well as new laws that reversed them. For the most part, the Federal Government has been conscientious of the problems faced by the Native Americans and has responded to the needs of the people. Before immigrants from all over the world began to arrive on the land now known as the United States, The Native American people lived in relative peace with each other. We never really knew what hate felt like until the immigrants came. As more and more travelers showed up, they began to take our lands from us and push us further into the wilderness, away from the lands we called home. Over time, the Native American people were soon outnumbered and new laws were beginning to be passed to limit our basic civil rights and our rights to religious freedom. Many believed the Native Americans were going to be in the way of the expansion...
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...Native women have been highly sexualized throughout pop culture and history. There are a number of examples that come to mind–the story of Pocahontas, or Tiger Lily in Peter Pan, or Gwen Stefani in her “Looking Hot” video, or even the Land ‘O’ Lakes Girl–the “Indian Princess” stereotype is far and wide. A current example of an American Indian stereotype happened in 2012. The Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show caused some controversy as their model, Karlie Kloss, strutted along the catwalk. She wore a tiny leopard print bikini, high heels with leather fringes around her ankles and hips, a large turquoise pendant, matching rings, bracelets and a belt. Her most alarming accessory, however, was a lofty Native American headdress. Kloss’s garb was designed...
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...you for your interest in the change, growth and empowerment of Native Youth Education. This curriculum was developed specifically for educators in the state of Maine’s public high schools who wish to use this guide as a tool to improve Native Youth Education. NEG (Native Education Guide) provides lesson ideas and examples that support current lesson structures as well as implementing a culturally appropriate material for the Native Student. While many Native Education curriculums exist, NEG is designed to adapt to the block scheduling of the Public High School in Maine. This curriculum recognizes the appropriate education material needed for its intended audience, which focuses on the tribes of Maine whose youth attend Public High School. NEG aims to provide its learners with a set of educational experiences that encourages empowerment and positive Native identity through community education. Native Education is the study of the human, tribal, environmental, historical and social experience of the Natives of Maine. Native Education is very complex with a lot of variables such as time, space, place and the students; NEG therefore focuses on a number of messages: - Community Building - Seventh Generation Sustainability, Economics and Ecology - School Education Policies and Institutions (Boarding Schools to Current Education Models) - Colonization and the “White Expansion” - Cultural Appropriation - Native Ritual, Ceremonies, Practices, Healing Circle - Dominant Religions...
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...Ortiz centers the titles of each section based on the work of poems. Joining Native American history, individual admission and social scrutinize in an unmistakable, conversational style, Ortiz tends to maintain a strategic distance from metaphors, expound language or fixed structures. The first of six section fixates on time spent in assorted organizations: the academy, different institutions, correctional facility and detox centers. In "Headlands Journal," an article that blends verse and exposition, Ortiz starts with a reflection on Native populaces in jail, moves to recount an anecdote about Chinese craftsmen and after that addresses his outrage when somebody calls the Acoma Pueblo dialect "foreign." The first sections address with diversion...
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...and as a way of familiarizing ourselves we usually point them out by their mascots and names. Little did we know that our team’s mascot or name may be offensive to a particular culture and has an underlying meaning. According to the Director of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of the American Indians, as early as 1912 Indian names for sports teams have been used in the professional sector. Following this example many high schools started naming their teams using Indian culture and the use of Indian inspired Mascots. We may like the way the teams name and its mascots suit them, but to the Native American...
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...Peltier is an American Indian activist from the American Indian Movement (AIM), who was wrongfully jailed for the murder of two FBI agents. Prior to the incident 60 American Indians were killed on the Pine Ridge reservation, allegedly by paramilitary squads connect to the tribal government, without any justice. Relationship with the Native American activist group were strained, with accusation that the FBI did nothing to protect the reservations. The incident occurred when two agents entered the reservation with an arrest warrant, when an exchange of gun fire took place. The agents were killed at point-blank range, and soon the authorities arrested two...
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...Throughout the late nineteenth century, American Indians suffered a great many hardships and faced constant oppression from white Americans. In the 1870s, buffalo hunters begin moving into the West and in only a decade, they slashed the endless herd into an endangered species. The buffalo was an important resource to the Native Americans for food and clothing, and the Native Americans were known for using every part of the buffalo. The American buffalo hunters, however, were only trying to eliminate this Native American resource and often discarded the entire buffalo carcass. In 1871, Congress passed the Indian Appropriations Act, ending the practice of treating Indian tribes as sovereign nations. This act was justified as a way to avoid...
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...Angel Batton Int.244 The Circle of Life Dec. 7, 2014 In this essay I will be talking about several things one will be the thoughtful and insights the American Indians have in their spirituality. The second would be the contrast of more undeviating time, universe, also ideas of current ethnic religions. I wish to attempt to associate Black Elk's impressions with the Christian sight of nature and intention of Creation. In his younger days, Black Elk was an Oglala, Lakota faith healer. Farther along now in his lifetime, a committed Classical Catholic. Black Elks quotation “the Circle of life” is an explanation of in what way the circle or sacred ring held important control and defense for the Lakota people. Next demonstrates just how Black Elks Primal spiritual worldview and later his Christian worldview have directed him through his life. The harmony of the Lakota people was evident in their use of circle arrangement. The circle is an emblematic of unity and social solidarity, as in the formation of their teepees and Lakota camp. The camp circle or sacred hoop is a place where everything is harmless, well-informed, and Oglala. Outdoor the circle, it is a world filled with enemies, evil spirits and the white man. Just as then, as it is today, societies have the same unity and social harmony as the Lakota people did. (DeSersa, Esther Black Elk,) The Black Elk made statements such as “So I used to lead two lives: one, Indian religion, and one as a Christian.” For the Indians...
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...Indian Health Services System Overview of Indian Health Service The Indian Health Service (IHS), a federal health system, cares for 2 million of the country's 5.2 million American Indian and Alaska Native people. This system has increasingly focused on innovative uses of health information technology and telemedicine, as well as comprehensive, locally tailored prevention and disease management programs, to promote health equity in a population facing multiple health disparities. Important recent achievements include a reduction in the life-expectancy gap between American Indian and Alaska Native people and whites (from eight years to five years) and improved measures of diabetes control (including 20 percent and 10 percent reductions in the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hemoglobin A1C, respectively). However, disparities persist between American Indian and Alaska Native people and the overall US population. Continued innovation and increased funding are required to further improve health and achieve equity (Trujillo, 2002). In the 2010 census, 5.2 million people identified themselves as American Indian or Alaska Native, representing 1.7 percent of the US population. American Indian and Alaska Native people experience poor health outcomes and have an average life expectancy that is more than five years shorter than that of the overall US population. The causes of this disparity span the life spectrum, beginning with high infant mortality rates, and include...
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...Native American Environmental Issues Traditionally Native Americans have had an immediate and reciprocal relationship with their natural environments. At contact, they lived in relatively small groups close to the earth. They defined themselves by the land and sacred places, and recognized a unity in their physical and spiritual universe. Their cosmologies connected them with all animate and inanimate beings. Indians moved in a sentient world, managing its bounty and diversity carefully lest they upset the spirit "bosses," who balanced and endowed that world. They acknowledged the power of Mother Earth and the mutual obligation between hunter and hunted as coequals. Indians celebrated the earth's annual rebirth and offered thanks for her first fruits. They ritually addressed and prepared the animals they killed, the agricultural fields they tended, and the vegetal and mineral materials they processed. They used song and ritual speech to modify their world, while physically transforming that landscape with fire and water, brawn and brain. They did not passively adapt, but responded in diverse ways to adjust environments to meet their cultural as well as material desires. The pace of change in Indian environments increased dramatically with Euroamerican contact. Old World pathogens and epidemic diseases, domesticated plants and livestock, the disappearance of native flora and fauna, and changing resource use patterns altered the physical and cultural landscape of the New World...
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