...Paper about Thucydides versus Plato on the nature of the Good Life 1: Thucydides versus Plato on the nature of the Good Life. Some have claimed that Thucydides is making empirical claims, whereas Plato is making normative claims. Is that true? Support your answer in your paper. Plato and Thucydides together had strikingly dissimilar views on their tactic on the good life. Many have demanded that Plato is making normative rights, whereas Thucydides has made empirical claims. Let's first take a look at Plato. Plato's philosophy on the decent life was based on the confidence that all has an objective or use that is classically suited for asset, beauty, fairness, and excellence of the exact thing, and all will depend on the conclusion of that role. He reflects the decent life as being reached and finished by the flawless love and lack of wish. Plato states that the good life is the disorder a person exhibits regarding entire virtue. Virtue inclines to come after the nonappearance of desires, or prospects, so true contentment means being satisfied to the opinion one doesn’t have needs. He’s persuaded that everyone has the control to be virtuous. He too believed the gentleman and citizens are the formation of the City; they are it’s slaves and it’s broods, and the separate has no right to assert separate rights against the Urban. In his circumstance, justice is putative as a compromise, and appreciated, not as good in itself, nonetheless for lack of control to do wrong; no...
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...defined as a body of systematized knowledge. Concerning what is; a normative science as a body of systematized knowledge relating to criteria of what ought to be and concerned with the ideal as distinguished from the actual’. * Positive science is concerned with what is, while normative science is concerned with what ought to be. * A positive science studies the existing facts but does not comment on whether the existing state is desirable; but a normative science comments on the desirability or otherwise of the observed facts in the context of the ideal or ‘norm’. * In positive science we only observe facts. We do not comment whether things are ethically or morally right. We do not pass any judgment regarding the rightness or wrongness of the thing. * We do not comment on what should be the level of income, prices, employment or how national income should be distributed etc. * In short we do not comment on what ought to be or what not ought to be. * In normative science it involves value judgments, that is, it is concerned with what should be the level of national income or wage rate; how national income should national income be distributed etc. * To sum up, we can say that while positive science is based on logic or scientific reasons , normative science is based on moral, ethical and philosophical beliefs of the people. * Positive science is descriptive in nature and normative science is descriptive in nature; one describes while the other...
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...These groups are usually secondary and can be identified in three different types. Compared to formal organizations a century ago, there has been much evolvement. There are many trends in the formal organizations today and many different characteristics. There are three types of formal organizations that need to be considered. The first type is the Utilitarian organization. This is the most common type. The majority of people in the world will choose to join one of these organizations in their lifetime. This is the organization one will join if an income in being made. Being a member of this type of organization has the purpose of making a living. The second type is the normative organization. This is an organization that someone joins to serve a purpose. According to Macionis (2005), “People join normative organizations not for income but to pursue some goal they think is morally worthwhile.” (p. 119). This type can also be known as a volunteer group. The final type of formal organization is the coercive organization. These are the groups that others are forced to join such as a prison or hospital. It is very important to realize that any formal organization can meet the characteristics of one or all of these types. Formal organizations have been around for many years. Over the past century there have been many changes in the formal organizations. Organizations in the past faced many challenges. They did not have the technology that is available today. Due to this, information...
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...Actions done by reason of ignorance Every action one proceeds in doing will always have its consequences whether they are good out bad. All actions are governed by two main categories: voluntary and involuntary. It is through these two categories can one determine where the responsibility of the action lies and what is the proper outcome that the person who performs the action should receive. As Aristotle has mentioned, if the act is voluntary one should be praised or blamed, but should be given reason to be pardoned and sometimes even forgiveness if involuntary. However, what can be said about action done out of ignorance? It seems that some actions can be blame on the person who acted and others cannot. The following essay will discuss the concerns on when one is blameworthy for their action and when one is not. An action performed out of ignorance is, as it said, a deed that one carries out unknowingly or not understanding/given complete information of the situation. An example of that would be, if Anne was driving on a highway and a person, Carl, jump out of nowhere. Anne hits Carl and kills him. Anne cannot be blame for killing Carl because Carl had no reason to be there and Anne had no idea if she had continued down the highway she would have killed someone. Of course one could argue that driving can be considered a dangerous act to begin with and that Anne should have been aware of the consequence that might transpire. In spite of this, Anne still should not be blame...
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...Does marketing contain a set of well-defined principles that can help managers to make better decisions? If so, are these principles communicated effectively? We assumed that the answer to the first question was ”yes,” and undertook a project to see how much progress has been made in developing marketing principles. Our goal was to develop an inventory of marketing principles and to see how this inventory changed over time. But in trying to develop this inventory, we were confronted by the second question, that is, the communication of knowledge. Thus, we sought to develop an inventory of the principles that are actually being communicated. As a working definition, we defined principles as normative statements that specify a condition followed by a suggested action. That is, marketing principles should provide operational guidelines, telling managers how to act in a given type of situation. An example of a principle is that the illustration in a print ad should be placed above the copy. Principles should help marketing managers to make better decisions because they incorporate marketing knowledge derived through previous research and experience. A well-developed set of principles can act as a basis for an expert system. For example, Burke et al. (1990) developed an expert system in advertising based heavily upon the principles presented in the advertising textbook by Rossiter and Percy (1987). Well-supported principles of marketing should be of interest to marketing practitioners...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property LEG 500 August 26, 2014 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Ethical dilemma may be defined as a situation where one has to make a decision but the decision to be made has some impact on either of the choices taken. In different organizations, there are times where a manager may be faced by ethical dilemmas that he or she is supposed to look into. The process may be difficult since the manager has to deal with such situations without discriminating on any individual. Any activity that relate to business management in relation to the society, consumers, and the business itself should consider all ethical issues relating to the environment. It is important for business owners to alight ethical issues to their business plans. Ethical issues may relate to advertising and marketing, regulation of product safety, and intellectual property. Marketing and advertising, relating to any industry in the market, may have different forms of ethical issues. For example, advertising may be unethical when the content in the advertisement has unethical issues such as the use of harsh language or pictures that may not be pleasant to all age groups (Ashcroft, 2007). It is important for advertising agencies to consider all ethical factors while posting any advertisement to the public. In addition, marketing may lead to unethical issues...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Name: Hanadi Rabadi Course: LEG 500 Professor: Gus Weekley Date: 09/01/2014 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Propertyt Inreduction Ethical dilemma may be defined as a situation where one has to make a decision but the decision to be made has some impact on either of the choices taken. In different organizations, there are times where a manager may be faced by ethical dilemmas that he or she is supposed to look into. The process may be difficult since the manager has to deal with such situations without discriminating on any individual. Any activity that relate to business management in relation to the society, consumers, and the business itself should consider all ethical issues relating to the environment. It is important for business owners to alight ethical issues to their business plans. Ethical issues may relate to advertising and marketing, regulation of product safety, and intellectual property. Marketing and advertising, relating to any industry in the market, may have different forms of ethical issues. For example, advertising may be unethical when the content in the advertisement has unethical issues such as the use of harsh language or pictures that may not be pleasant to all age groups (Ashcroft, 2007). It is important for advertising agencies to consider all ethical factors while posting any advertisement to the public...
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...The Eradication of Corruption at Fluor Corporation By Marcus Youngquist 15 Jul 2009 When thinking about what is the most important initiative for Alan Boeckmann; CEO of Fluor Corporation, can take to eliminate corruption in his company many initiatives come to mind. The Fluor Corporation delivers engineering, procurement, construction and maintenance services to 600 clients on 1,000 projects in 85 different countries. (1) When a company of that size and magnitude tries to combat something such as corruption which has been present in the world for centuries, it is without a doubt an uphill battle. I feel that Boeckmann can be successful in corruption free contracting if the right steps continue to be taken. The fight against corruption needs to happen on multiple levels; financially, politically, and intellectually. One of the first steps in eradicating corruption is on the financial front. Fluor can do this by continuing to support leading advocacy groups. (1) There is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In 1998 more than 30 nations, including all of our major trading partners, implemented rigorous anti-bribery commitments mandated by OECD. (1) One company that pioneered the private sector getting involved with anti-corruption acts is the the Partnership Against Corruption Initiative (PACI). (1) Each signatory company agreed to maintain a zero tolerance policy towards bribery and corruption...
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...CHAPTER 1 – POLITICS AND KNOWLEDGE INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE Review Sekar Rizki Wibowo – KKI_B What is politics? Politics is a process by which a group of people, whose opinions or interests might be different from each other, reach collective decisions that are generally regarded as binding on the group and enforced as a common policy. The basis of political knowledge always came from three important sources, which are: 1. Authority : Involves the appeal of any documents, tradition, or person that is believed to be an important source of politics or some explanation regarding a particular issue. 2. Personal thought : Relies on assumption of human brains that may develop a thought that determines the definition or anything he/she knows about the political world. 3. Science : Uses expliicit methods that attempt to enable the different people to agree about what they know. The goal of using science in order to learn about politics is that it answers the facts what, why, and how questions about politics. Political science is composed from some subfields that are usually defined by their specific subject matter, rather than by their mode of analysis. The four subfields of political knowledge are: 1. Comparative politics : Focuses on similarities and difference in political processes and structures. 2. International relations : Focuses on the political relations between countries, the behavior of transnational actors, and the dynamics happenting...
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...Assignment Cover Sheet 200336 Business Academic Skills School of Business Student last name: | | Student first name: | | Student number: | | Unit name and number: | 200336 Business Academic Skills | Workshop day: | | Workshop time: | | Workshop room: | | Workshop tutor: | | Title of assignment: | Essay Development | Length: | 500 words plus references | Date due: | In Workshop Week 11 (beginning 7 October) | Date submitted: | | Campus enrolment: | | Declaration: * I hold a copy of this assignment if the original is lost or damaged. * I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made in the assignment. * No part of the assignment/product has been written/produced for me by any other person except where collaboration has been authorised by the subject lecturer/tutor concerned. * I am aware that this work may be reproduced and submitted to plagiarism detection software programs for the purpose of detecting possible plagiarism (which may retain a copy on its database for future plagiarism checking). * I am aware that the plagiarism detection software programs are not the only means that will be used to detect plagiarism (i.e. having a zero report may still result in plagiarism). Signature: ______________________________________ Note: An examiner or lecturer/tutor has the right to not...
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...In this essay I will explain the differences between teleological and deontological. Deontological ethicists focus on actions and rules rather than the situation. Deontologists believe acts are right or right in the action themselves. Deontologist could be said to be absolutist as they follow the law. Deontologist decide what to do in certain situations and circumstances depending on what their sense of duty tells them.an example of this can be the death sentence is wrong because death to someone and anyone is wrong all the time regardless of a crime they may have committed. Deontological ethical system is based on the idea that we have a duty to do certain things and not doing certain things. The word deontological comes from “deonto” meaning “duty” in Greek .With the deontological ethical system; one would consider the basic duties and rights of individuals or groups and make a decision based on your moral beliefs. Religion Ethics is deontological. Religion ethics is when a religion provides moral judgments and directions on how to live one’s life. What is good is that which conforms to god’s will (Wadsworth, 2005). An example of religion ethics would be to not steal because one of the Ten Commandments is thou shall not steal. Natural law and egoism are also both deontological. Natural law is good acts that come naturally to... Teleology does not focus on actions themselves or how closely they adhere to a system of rules. Teleological ethics, which is mostly referred to...
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...or moral obligation from what is good or desirable as an end to be achieved. This general approach can be applied at different levels to different normative properties of different kinds of things, but the most prominent example is consequentialism about the moral rightness of acts, which holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act, such as the motive behind the act or a general rule requiring acts of the same kind. ( www. plato.stanford.edu) Consequentialist, have two major theories that is ethical egoism and utilitarianism. Both these theories agree that human beings ought to behave in ways that will bring about good consequences. They differ, however, in that they disagree on who should benefit from these consequences. The ethical egoist essentially says that human beings ought to act in the interest of all concerned. ( Jacques P. Thiroux , Keith W. Krasemann) The rough idea behind ethical egoism is that the right thing to do is to look out for own self-interest. That’s mean we are morally required only to make ourselves as happy as possible and have no moral obligations to others. Ethical egoism have three forms which is individual ethical egoism, personal ethical egoism and universal ethical egoism. Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that places the locus of right and wrong solely on the outcomes (consequences) of choosing one action over other actions. Derived from...
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...The Ethics of Just War Applied Ethics Choose one of the applied ethics topics from the list below. Provide a brief description of your topic and the thesis you chose in the opening paragraph of your paper. This topic should be the thesis that you worked on in Week One and refined in Week Three. Remember that your first paragraph must contain a clear thesis statement as in the assignments from Weeks One and Three. In the body of your paper, examine the issue by discussing how three of the ethical theories presented in this course could be used to answer the particular question you have formulated. Use the core principles of each of these theories to support your discussion. Complete your paper by identifying which ethical theory you think provides the most satisfactory moral answer to your question, or the theory that provides the least satisfactory answer to your question. You should create a list of strengths and weaknesses for each of the theories as applied to your question to assist you with this task. However, you should not merely present the strengths and weaknesses of each theory but must argue that one theory is better or worse than the others in this case. Remember that each paragraph in your body must begin with a topic sentence that clearly identifies the main idea of the paragraph. Your paper should be 1500 to 2000 words (not including the words on the title and reference pages) in length. This means that you should devote approximately 300 words to each of the...
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...ethics Branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be judged right or wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles. Ethics is traditionally subdivided into normative ethics, metaethics, and applied ethics. Normative ethics seeks to establish norms or standards of conduct; a crucial question in this field is whether actions are to be judged right or wrong based on their consequences or based on their conformity to some moral rule, such as “Do not tell a lie.” Theories that adopt the former basis of judgment are called consequentialist (see consequentialism); those that adopt the latter are known as deontological (see deontological ethics). Metaethics is concerned with the nature of ethical judgments and theories. Since the beginning of the 20th century, much work in metaethics has focused on the logical and semantic aspects of moral language. Some major metaethical theories are naturalism (see naturalistic fallacy), intuitionism, emotivism, and prescriptivism. Applied ethics, as the name implies, consists of the application of normative ethical theories to practical moral problems (e.g., abortion). Among the major fields of applied ethics are bioethics, business ethics, legal ethics, and medical ethics. 1. Clearly define the ethical problem. The ethical problem is if I should be honest and report this security breech. 2. Employ applicable laws and regulations. I would...
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...LEG 500 WEEK 1 DISCUSSION A+ Graded Tutorial Available At: http://hwsoloutions.com/?product=leg-500-week-1-discussion Visit Our website: http://hwsoloutions.com/ Product Description PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LEG 500 Week 1 Discussion, From the e-Activity, determine the ethical theory or theories (from Chapter 1 of the textbook) that best support(s) the B-corp concept. Support your response. A B Corporation’s requires a firm to conform to socially and beneficial practices. These practices can include protecting the environment, community, or preserving employee benefits. The idea of B Corporations cam from interest in corporate social responsibility. The theory that best support B-corps is virtue ethics which looks at what human beings are capable of being, how to develop habits of good character that will lead them to their potential. Ethic of care concept can also be used with B-corps where ethics becomes nurturing and reinforcing the ties with one another such as caring. Evaluate the likelihood of traditional corporations using social responsibility as an effective competitive strategy. Specify at least one (1) way that a company with which you are familiar can use (or has used) social responsibility as a competitive strategy in the marketing of its products / services, supply chain, charitable activities, strategic investments, or operations. Social responsibility is the thought that companies should embrace social topics that affect the community and not solely...
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