... zwwx@overseaen.com 2011 8 http://www.overseaen.com Tel:+86-551-5690811 5690812 Narrative Patterns Research in O Henry's Novels · , ( , 332000 ) Abstract:O· Henry is living in the time when novelists are in the great pursuit of narrative pattern research. Hence his works is inevitably Henry's novels in my opinion is also marvelous for his outinfluenced. Beside his humorous language, surprising ends and expressions, O· standing narrative patterns arrangement. In this article, a research will be conducted onto his narrative pattern in the aspects of narrative perspectives, narrative space and narrative time. By this research, more information and references is intended to obtain for the further study on this area. Key words: Narrative Pattern; Narrative Perspective; Narrative Space; Narrative Time : I02 :A :1009-5039(2011)08-0350-03 1 Introduction · O Henry (1862-1910), as one of the most famous writers of short story in American literature history, or even around the whole world. Plus his contribution in narrative patterns research, he is also honored as the one of the founders of American short story history. Great praises, as well as critics are raised from the world onto his short novels which are well known for the humor, vivid spots description, surprising endings. However, in this article we will pay attention to the narrative patterns in O· Henry's novels, the area of which seldom calls focus and research from the American literature academy. We will have...
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...of life. It's supposed to be. It's not something to regret. It's something to aspire to (Albom).” In this essay I will take a look at O Henry’s background, his life experiences and how it reflects in his work, “The Gift of the Magi”. As I travel through O Henry’s life you will see how there was no life event he regretted. Nor did he allow his life’s challenges to overtake him. If anything he used those challenges as opportunities to excel in his writing career. In his writings he is able to take all that he had experienced and learned by showing people in their ordinary form, just as he sketched the customers at his uncle’s drugstore. William Sydney Porter, an American writer from North Carolina is better known as O Henry (Langford). He is known to have changed his name twice. The first time he changed the spelling of his middle name from Sidney to Sydney (Langford). The second was after trying several pen names, he settled on O Henry. The final name changed occurred after he had gone to jail for robbery, though he persisted he was innocent (Langford). It was his hope, once he changed his name, he would be able to forget the embarrassing ordeal he had faced. O Henry was not immune to suffering. “At age three he lost his mother to tuberculosis” (Langford). Growing up he was an avid reader, reading everything from the classics to comics. O Henry several early years of career accomplishments. He worked for his uncle at his drugstore, where he later became a druggist (Langford)...
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...instead had to use gas to heat the curlers for her hair. The reading just reemphasized what Henry wrote about and how the act of giving was something they wanted to do for each other. The second source from Online Literature was just biographical information about O. Henry who was really named William Sydney Porter. Mr. Porter was born to a mother who had a talent for writing poetry and the ability to paint, but unfortunately she died when he was three years old. This may have led to him moving with his father to his relative’s farm. He eventually left the farm and married and had a child. He developed a magazine but he also spent time in prison for embezzlement. He eventually moved to New York City, which is the background for the Gift of the Magi. As a result of Porters problems with the law and drinking habits, I think that might be were the story line came from. He grew up poor and struggled and giving to others was probably not really something he could do. The third source from the author from the Columbia encyclopedia helps to understand what he may have been thinking about when he wrote the story. There is some irony in the couple sacrificing their possessions to buy gifts that were related to the possessions they were in fact each selling off. Poverty is the prominent theme and this work really looked at the lower class life during the time of the writing. Henry had a knack for trick endings in his works and I think this one is part of that structure...
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...two short stories that have their similarities and differences is Della in The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry and Mathilde in The Necklace by Guy De Maupassant. It is said that all women like to shop and look fabulous and with Della and Mathilde they both want an accessory they cannot afford, but Della wants to use her possession in a thoughtful way and Mathilde wants to use her possession in a selfish way. Also Mathilde makes everyone sacrifice but in the end she has to sacrifice while with Della, she sacrifices to show her companion how much he is loved. ”She was ransacking the stores for Jim’s present.” (Henry 352). Mathilde in order to get one of the many necessities she wants, she makes her husband sacrifice the money that he wants to save up for himself on her. “ Finally she answered,’ I’m not sure exactly, but I think with four hundred francs I could manage it.’ He turned a bit pale, he had set aside just that amount to buy a rifle so that the following summer, he could join some friends who were getting up a group to shoot larks on the plain near Nanterre.” (Guy De Maupassant 200). Whereas Della sacrifices her most prized item, her hair, to raise money to purchase a gold watch chain for her lover, which he had been wanting for a long time. “She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love.” (Henry 352). People say that the rich get richer and the poorer get poorer. In this situation that saying...
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...O. Henry was an American writer whose short stories are known for wit, wordplay and clever twist endings. He wrote nearly 600 stories about life in America. He was born William Sidney Porter on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. His father, Algernon Sidney Porter, was a medical doctor. When William was three his mother died and he was raised by his grandmother and aunt. He left school at the age of 15 and then had a number of jobs, including bank clerk. In 1896 he was accused of embezzlement. He absconded from the law to New Orleans and later fled to Honduras. When he learned that his wife was dying, he returned to US and surrendered to police. Although there has been much debate over his actual guilt, he was convicted of embezzling funds from the bank that employed him; he was sentenced to 5 years in jail. In 1898 he was sent to the penitentiary at Columbus, Ohio. While in prison he began writing short stories in order to support his young daughter Margaret. His first published story was "Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking" (1899). He used a pseudonym, Olivier Henry, only once and changed his pen name to O. Henry, not wanting his readers to know he was in jail. He published 12 stories while in prison. After serving 3 years of the five-year sentence, he was released for good behavior. He moved to New York City in 1902 and wrote a story a week for the New York World, and also for other publishers. His first collection of stories was "Cabbages and Kings" (1904)...
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...------------------------------------------------- O. Henry (1862—1910), born William Sidney Porter, in Greensboro, North Carolina. When he was a young man, ------------------------------------------------- O. Henry moved to Texas and worked on a ranch for three years. Later, he moved to Houston, worked for a newspaper ------------------------------------------------- for a year, then bought a newspaper of his own in Austin, Texas for $250. He was not pleased with his newspaper's title; ------------------------------------------------- so he renamed it The Rolling Stone. For a while, he did the writing and even the illustrations, but couldn't keep it up. The ------------------------------------------------- Rolling Stone apparently gathered moss and failed. He was a master of the short story . He was an American story writer whose real name was William Sydney Porter.. ------------------------------------------------- Johnsy and Sue are artists who move into Greenwich Village in New York City.As winter approaches and the weather gets colder, Johnsy becomes ill with pneumonia. She gets so sick that she believes that when the last leaf falls from the vine outside her window , she will die. An old artist , named Behrman , who lives in the same building as the girls, braves a storm one night to paint a leaf on the wall – a leaf that will never fall.Cold and wet from painting in the icy rain , he catches pneumonia and dies. This gives Johnsy the hope to survive her illness...
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...Biography of O.Henry Early life William Sidney Porter was born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. He changed the spelling of his middle name to Sydney in 1898. His parents were Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter (1825–88), a physician, and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter (1833–65). William's parents had married on April 20, 1858. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved into the home of his paternal grandmother. As a child, Porter was always reading, everything from classics to dime novels; his favorite works were Lane's translation of One Thousand and One Nights, and Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.[2] Porter graduated from his aunt Evelina Maria Porter's elementary school in 1876. He then enrolled at the Lindsey Street High School. His aunt continued to tutor him until he was fifteen. In 1879, he started working in his uncle's drugstore and in 1881, at the age of nineteen, he was licensed as a pharmacist. At the drugstore, he also showed off his natural artistic talents by sketching the townsfolk. Move to Texas Porter in Austin as a young man Porter traveled with Dr. James K. Hall to Texas in March 1882, hoping that a change of air would help alleviate a persistent cough he had developed. He took up residence on the sheep ranch of Richard Hall, James' son, in La Salle County and helped out as a shepherd, ranch hand, cook and baby-sitter. While on the ranch, he learned bits of Spanish and German from the mix...
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...The Romance of a Busy Broker by O. Henry Short story Analysis produced by the student Sorocian Liudmila gr.LAE16M The story under analysis was written by the american writer O.Henry, whose real name was William Sydney Porter. His short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization and clever twist endings. O.Henry wrote about ordinary people: clerks, policemen or waitresses, many of his stories take place in New York. The title of the story is suggestive, because we can predict that the story will be about the love and feelings of the very busy broker. It is the story about a busy town, in which there is no time for rest and getting satisfaction from life - this is the main idea of the text. The problem raised by the author is the relationship between two very different people - a very busy worker and his wife who is the absolute opposite of her husband but who loves him very much. The author`s message is that people should spend more time together not only just working , because they can forget or miss some very important events in their life. This topic is very actual nowadays. Talking about the setting of the story - the event take place in a global power city New York. The whole event takes place during just one day, exactly the morning time. It is a broker’s office with a busy office routine every day. As it is the whole story we can see all logical parts of it. "The Romance of a Busy Broker" has no introduction...
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...known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American writer. O. Henry's short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization, and clever twist endings. O. Henry was born under the name of William Sydney Porter September 11, 1862 in Greensboro , North Carolina , USA . His middle name is Sidney , but was later changed to Sydney in 1898 . His father , Dr. Algernon Sydney Porter (1825-1888) , and his mother was Mary Jane Virginia Swain Porter ( 1833-1865 ) . They were married April 20, 1858 . His mother died of tuberculosis when he was 3 years old . Then Porter and father moved to live with her grandmother . Even as a child , Porter was very avid reader . He read everything he has, from the economic works of fiction to me cheap . and he studied at the private school her aunt , Evelina Maria Porter , employed until 1876 . He then continued his studies at the Lindsey Street High School under the auspices of his aunt until the age of 15 . In 1879 he worked for his uncle effective medicine , and then , in 1881 , when 19 years old , he obtained a pharmacist. Porter moved to Austin in 1884 VACO a pretty exciting life here. He participated in both singing and acting. By 1894, he founded the weekly newspaper The Rolling Stone humorous and served as editor. He also worked for other newspapers and journalists contributed occasionally drawing cartoons. In 1919, the Arts and Science (Society of Arts and Sciences) set "O. Henry Memorial Award" (O. Henry Memorial Awards), awarded...
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...Examine the endings (with close attention to the last ‘scene’ and the last paragraph) of at least three 20c. short stories and consider how the author handles them and their relation to the story as a whole. The art of ending short stories has been hotly contested for centuries. As humans we naturally desire firm conclusions that tie up the story’s various loose threads and leave us with a sense of satisfaction. Many writers, in modern times, have tried to challenge this convention, preferring to leave endings open for interpretation and development of thought. This is connected with the developing idea that a short story is, in essence, a brief glimpse into a character’s life. In this sense, there is a future outside of the ending, which negates the requirement for an effective conclusion. Flannery O’Connor is an example of a modern writer who sought to challenge the conventions of a story’s ending. Her tale, ‘Everything That Rises Must Converge,’ is told from the perspective of Julian, a college graduate who is being supported by his mother while he seeks employment. The plot revolves around a ride on an integrated bus, and the crisis point comes in the form of a confrontation between Julian’s mother and a black woman wearing the same hat. Julian repeatedly conveys his wish to be rid of his mother, going so far as to dream about her being seriously ill. Despite this, his reaction upon her stroke shows exactly how dependant he is on her: ‘His voice was thin, scarcely a...
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..."The Last Leaf" by O. Henry is an interesting short story about a sick girl named Johnsy, who is deeply affected by a bare vine tree. Johnsy has decided she will not get well and has reconciled herself with the fact that she is going to die when the last leaf falls off the ivy bush outside her bedroom window. Johnsy's hopelessness and willingness to accept the worst without a fight is a major statement about the emotional state of the character. In his wonderful short-story “the last leaf”, using sacrificial themes, fear of pneumonia and a twist on the fatalistic tone, O.Henry depicted a really meaningful goal: Life must have hope. In brief, I love this story very much. Its plot and its characters are simply, but it is a very touching story that makes I recognize many things in life. Life is meaningful only for people who have hope and love. The hope helps us live better and heals our body and spirit. Hope is the foundation of our personal futures; each of us would probably suicide without hope. It is the virtue that helps us overcome obstacles. Without hope, we seem to give up easily like Johnsy in the story. Without hope, there is nothing. Another important thing in life is love. O. Henry, through the story, advices us should love ourselves and other people. The love between three persons, Johnsy, Sue and old Behrman makes a moving story. Johnsy had sometimes forgotten loving herself and cause the worry for Sue, but the biggest love is the love of the old Behrman for Johnsy...
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...”The Hair” by Raymond Carver Having healthy and stable relationships to both people and surroundings is of vital importance towards reaching a balanced and happy life. The foundation of any healthy relationship is based on cooperation, comprehension and communication. If these factors are missing, it can result in misunderstandings and difficulty handling obstacles and problems that might occur in the relationship. In his short story “The Hair”, Raymond Carver shows the consequences of the lack of connection in a normal marriage. He especially focuses on the emotional causes of malfunctioning relationships and how it has a psychological influence on everyday life. Using minimalistic tools such as symbolism, Raymond Carver tells the story of a man, struggling with his marriage, developing an internal conflict. Carver uses a minimalistic style of writing in his short story “The Hair”. Minimalistic writing effectively expresses feelings and conflicts, yet allows the reader to be part of the interpretation of the story. Methods such as symbolism, setting, superficial descriptions, and the reticence towards giving the reader information about emotions are often used in minimalistic short stories. Carver’s use of symbolism, setting and the lack of emotional description helps the reader understand the protagonist and his struggles. Reading “The hair”, we are introduced to a man who discovers that a hair is stuck between his teeth. At first, the short story appears anticlimactic...
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...They’re not your husband ”They’re not your husband” is a short story written by Raymond Carver. The story was published in 1973 in a literary magazine, called Chicago Review. The definition of a short story is typically a brief work of literature. The story has no set length and there are often few characters introduced in the story. The short story usually focuses on one plot, one main character, and one central theme. That is the opposite compared to a novel. The short story is characterized by the beginning, where the reader is thrown into the story. This type of introduction we call “in medias res”. This statement is Latin and means "middle of the action.” In all short stories there is an open ending. The open ending is an opened question, which means that you can imagine an ending. In the story ”They’re not your husband”, we have the themes obsession, control, insecurity, selfishness and appearance. Kit Wright writes the poem “Give Up Slimming, Mum” and in the poem we have the opposite theme; appreciation, happiness, accept, unity and presence. Earl and Doreen are the main characters in “They’re not your husband”. They are married but there is a tense atmosphere between them. They do not seem to love each other. There is no connection and no intimacy. Doreen is the hardworking woman. She works as a waitress at a coffee shop, which is open 24 hours a day. She must work late, because when Earl comes to the shop, to get coffee, she askes him about the children. “You sure...
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...“They’re Not Your Husband” is a short story by Raymond Carver, where he writes about the man named Earl Ober, who is an unemployed salesman, with his wife (Doreen) working as a waitress, at a 24-hour coffee shop. After a night of drinking as he usually does he goes to see the place where his wife works. Here he is treated like a nuisance by his wife. Two men start talking about his wife’s weight and this bothers Earl greatly. He decides to let Doreen know that she (he) has a problem with her weight. After this incident she tries to go on a diet but she ends up not eating at all and not looking healthy. He continues to pressure her, so she would keep dieting. He ends up in the coffee shop again and tries to “sell” her to a man sitting next to him. The story ends abruptly; with Doreen telling everybody that he is a salesman. The total lack of benevolence between husband and wife are clearly seen straight away: “What are you doing here? Doreen said when she saw him sitting there” and later she says: “Don’t talk to me now. I’m busy.” Earl is very embarrassed when two men in business suits start talking about his wife’s weight. He then sits quietly and hopes the two men won’t see the connection between him and his wife, and that is also the reason for him not saying goodbye to his wife. It almost seems like he acquires the point of view the two unidentified men have. The troubles of Doreen and Earl’s relationship are also made clear by this fact, because this clearly shows...
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...Introduction The short story by Raymond Carver, “So Much Water So Close To Home”, is based on a marriage that is on the verge of falling through. Throughout this story, Stuart, the husband to Clair displays quite a relatively high level of insensitivity towards a very painful hunting trip. The wife, on the other hand, makes so many interpretations of their marriage from the occurrence. There is a point within the story where the two confront each other (Carver 76). The exchange by the couple by the pond aids in reflecting the ideas of isolation, uncertain identity and despondency. Call to adventure On an annual fishing trip, in isolated high country, Stuart, Rocco, Carl, and Billy find the body of a girl in the river. They think it is too late for them to report the case and decide not to get back to the road. Even all next day, they get too engrossed in their fishing engagement and do not bother going to report the case of the dead body they had found the previous evening. There is, in fact, a feeling among them that it doesn’t concern them so much; they don’t have to do it anyway (Carver 76). When they finally return home to report the case, their wives are shocked that they could find a dead human body and stay fishing all next day without caring to report the case early next if they thought it was too late to do so at the time they found it. What shocks the wives more is the fact they left the body lying there. Refusal of the call and the Supernatural Aid The men, however...
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