...Exercise 1 Solution Chapter 1 Economics: Foundations and Models 1.1 Three Key Economic Ideas 1) Which of the following statements is true about scarcity? A) Scarcity refers to the situation in which unlimited wants exceed limited resources. B) Scarcity is not a problem for the wealthy. C) Scarcity is only a problem when a country has too large a population. D) Scarcity arises when there is a wide disparity in income distribution. Answer: A Comment: Recurring Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4/4 Topic: Scarcity Objective: LO1: Explain these three key economic ideas: People are rational. People respond to incentives. Optimal decisions are made at the margin. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Special Feature: None 2) By definition, economics is the study of A) how to make money in the stock market. B) how to make money in a market economy. C) the choices people make to attain their goals, given their scarce resources. D) supply and demand. Answer: C Comment: Recurring Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4/4 Topic: Scarcity Objective: LO1: Explain these three key economic ideas: People are rational. People respond to incentives. Optimal decisions are made at the margin. Special Feature: None 3) Where do economic agents such as individuals, firms and nations, interact with each other? A) in public locations monitored by the government B) in any arena that brings together buyers and sellers C) in any...
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...CONCEPT ANALYSIS Mentoring In Nursing: A Concept Analysis Leslie R. Dick The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Introduction Mentoring can be dated as far back as the Ancient Greeks. Young athletes were trained by their more experienced superiors. Homer is most famous for our initial understanding a mentor when he tells of Odysseus leaving his infant son with a companion, Mentor, when he left on his Odyssey (Gentry, Weber, & Sadri, 2008). Mentoring is a relationship between two people which lasts over an extended period of time. One of the people, the mentor, is more experienced and considered senior to the mentee and is trusted by the mentee. The mentee is less experienced, although not necessarily younger, than the mentor. Mentors can play an important role in our lives. They share knowledge, experience, and wisdom, and they critique us and give honest feedback. Positive, competent mentors develop relationships with their mentees and are focused on their growth. They are also generous and professional in their collaborations. The benefits of mentoring relationships include increased self-confidence and retention, strengthened professional relationships and increased skill levels. These consequences of mentoring improve the health environment for all. Through this concept analysis, I hope to show the attributes associated with mentoring as well as provide related terms that will provide a further understanding of the concept. A model, borderline...
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...finds that the link between these constructs is weak at best. A negative effect of effort on job satisfaction is consistent with agency theory, but there is limited empirical evidence to support this assumption. Moreover, some studies have found a positive effect of effort on job satisfaction. Using a model that incorporates the main constructs from agency theory and organizational psychology, the current study finds a negative, direct effect of effort and a positive, direct effect of job performance on job satisfaction. The authors show that conflicting findings in the literature are the result of inconsistency in both the measurement and the definition of constructs across studies that do not fully account for all the relationships between constructs. The current findings emphasize the need to distinguish clearly between factors that represent employees’ inputs in a work relationship (i.e., effort) and those that represent their outputs (i.e., job performance). The article also demonstrates the importance of properly accounting or controlling for all key variables to eliminate biases that can arise in empirical research on work relationships. here is an extensive body of research in organizational psychology that considers the role of job satisfaction in managing effective work relationships. Similarly, job satisfaction is a widely studied construct in marketing research...
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...Organizational Systems & Quality Leadership Introduction The core objective of health care is to provide high-quality care to all patients to guarantee positive health outcomes. This principle is a major driver for the commitment of nurses and other care providers. Care providers are required to work in collaboration and include patients in the process of care. Nurses form the core of health care delivery in all facilities. The role they play in the coordination of care is essential for the professionalism of care providers. In the process of care delivery, it is important to understand the medical history of the patient to determine the most appropriate interventions to employ. Care providers should employ interventions that are besides guaranteeing positive health outcomes address the needs and interests of the patient. It is important to include family members in the treatment program since they understand the patient and his needs better. This paper employs Root Cause Analysis approach together with the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to determine the impact of the events that resulted in the death of a patient Mr. B. A. Root cause analysis The principal purpose of the Root Cause Analysis is to conduct an evaluation of the highest level of the problem to identify the actual cause. In the case scenario, the root cause analysis rules out the possibility of inadequate patient assessment as a contributor to the factors that resulted in the death of the patient (Andersen, Fagerhaug...
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...Implement the Positive Behavioural Support Model 1.1 Explain how Positive Behavioural Support has been influenced by: • Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) • Social Role Valorisation (SRV) ABA is a scientific process of examining what causes and maintains behaviour, in order to bring about positive change. SRV promotes valued social roles for individuals who are socially disadvantaged, to help them get some of the good things in life. 1.2 Summarise current legislation and policy guidance relating to Positive Behavioural Support The current legislation relating to Positive Behavioural Support is titled - the Positive Behaviour Support Policy – Safe management of challenging behaviour in children and young people with learning disabilities and autism. The broad aims of the policy are: • the prevention of challenging behaviours; • that, where used, restrictive physical interventions promote the best interests of children and young people; • that all risks associated with the use of restrictive physical interventions are continuously assessed; • to maintain the safety and dignity of children, young people and staff; • that managers and employers discharge their responsibilities effectively; • to highlight the training needs of staff in the use of restrictive physical interventions. 2.1 Define the term ‘challenging behaviour’ Behaviour of such intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is placed in serious jeopardy or...
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...Organizational Systems & Quality Leadership Introduction The core objective of health care is to provide high-quality care to all patients to guarantee positive health outcomes. This principle is a major driver for the commitment of nurses and other care providers. Care providers are required to work in collaboration and include patients in the process of care. Nurses form the core of health care delivery in all facilities. The role they play in the coordination of care is essential for the professionalism of care providers. In the process of care delivery, it is important to understand the medical history of the patient to determine the most appropriate interventions to employ. Care providers should employ interventions that are beside guaranteeing positive health outcomes address the needs and interests of the patient. It is important to include family members in the treatment program since they understand the patient and his needs better. This paper employs Root Cause Analysis approach together with the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to determine the impact of the events that resulted in the death of a patient Mr. B. A. Root cause analysis The principal purpose of the Root Cause Analysis is to conduct an evaluation of the highest level of the problem to identify the actual cause. In the case scenario, the root cause analysis rules out the possibility of inadequate patient assessment as a contributor to the factors that resulted in the death of the patient (Andersen, Fagerhaug...
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...provide researchers with information about models used, variables, techniques for analysis and result of related studies. The review can be used as guide lines for the present study. 2.1 Related Past Studies Consumer awareness is the understanding and knowledge that a buyer should have of his rights as a customer. The awareness is very important for the buyer since it permits him to get the most from what he buys. To develop or start new practices need lot of effort from many side to ensure it can be done, not only from supply side but demand side play an important role in this. Even there is lot of benefit from urban agriculture, we still need to know if public know about urban agriculture or it related practices. The result from study of consumer awareness of organic products in Spain, T. Briz and R. W Ward (2009), show that education was a major contributor factor that influencing the level of awareness. From this conditions, estimated awareness levels ranged from a low 29% to high near 71%. The most profound result is that while there is positive link between awareness and actual buying point. A research in India, Sushil Kumar (2011) give the same result which indicated education plays important role to enhance awareness among people. 64% of respondents with awareness on organic foods have higher educational level (degree holder and higher) compared to 22% in case of unaware consumers. Education background does play important role affecting awareness level of consumer....
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...Leadership, Training, and Learning from Experiences; Sustaining Strategies, Controlled Employees Emotions For the Organizational Success Suneela Ejaz suneelaejaz@gmail.com University of Central Punjab, Lahore ABSTRACT On the basis of quantitative study and by integrating the Leadership Role, Training of employees and Learning from experiences, a model have suggested a model that would lead an organization to construct strategies to sustain, control the emotions of employees to keep them motivated and more productive, here change-oriented leadership role at midle level managers or supervisors is tested because here resistance is found at its highest level. Continuous organizational success is our main focus here which is tested to be achieved by minimizing the negative emotions of employees and maximizing their positive emotions towards their innovation and creativity in job and high commitment for the organization. This study will help organizations to ensure continuous organizational success by adopting a proactive approach. After testing a sample of 250 supervisors, our findings shows that there is a significant and positive relation between change oriented leadership role and learning from experiences with organizational success. Here a significant value is shown by employees emotions mediating between the two variables. Where as insignificat relationship is shown between traing employees and organizational success. Key Words: Change oriented Leader, Training...
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...– Second Quarter 2010 Volume 5, Number 2 Impact Of Job Analysis On Job Performance: Analysis Of A Hypothesized Model Rehman Safdar, Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA), Pakistan Ajmal Waheed, Quaid-e-Azam University, Pakistan Khattak Hamid Rafiq, National University of Modern Languages, Pakistan ABSTRACT Researchers have developed a relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance, but the relationship between HRM practice like job analysis – employee Job performance remains unexplored. This paper, based on a study of employees of Pakistan Public sector regulatory authorities of telecommunication, oil and gas, power, media, security exchange, banking sector and organizations being regulated by these authorities is an attempt to develop and test a hypothesized model linking HR importance of job analysis with employee job performance. Survey results of 568 employees indicated that practice of job analysis was strongly related to employee job performance. The findings suggest that an organisation-wide policy of job analysis is an important source of competitive advantage in its own right, and requires due attention of HR professionals. The study extends the findings of the HR–employee job performance research pursued in Western countries to a non-Western context. Keywords: Human resource management; HR practices in regulatory authorities; HR-performance linkage; Job analysis; Job performance; Job satisfaction; Job retention; Recruitment...
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...Work and Well-Being How and to what extent does positive affect influence organizational citizenship behaviours? January 2006 Introduction This essay is broken down into various sections to develop the ‘building blocks’ upon which we can provide an answer to the question. In section 1, we will look at the core constructs of ‘positive affect’ (PA) and ‘organizational citizenship behaviours’ (OCBs). In section 2, we will answer the question of how PA influences OCBs by looking at some of the main theories and models. In section 3, the extent to which PA influences OCBs will be considered by reviewing the empirical evidence. Finally, section 4 attempts to draw conclusions and provides an overall discussion. Section 1 - Definitions This section looks at the constructs of ‘positive affect’ and ‘organizational citizenship behaviours’. Positive Affect (PA) Between the 1930s, when it started to emerge as a construct of interest to organizational research, and the mid-1980s, affect at work was construed almost exclusively in terms of job satisfaction (Brief & Weiss, 2002). However, Organ & Near (1985) argued that job satisfaction has both a cognitive (belief, judgement, comparison) as well as an affective (emotional, feeling) dimension, whereas most measures of job satisfaction tended to focus on the cognitive element. This distinction is important: Weiss & Cropanzano (1996) see affective experiences...
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...The Effect of Board Size and Ownership Structure on the Financial Performance: An Empirical Study on Egypt Nourhan K. Karkoura* Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt Abstract Corporate governance can be viewed as a mechanism that ensures external investors receive proper returns on their investments. This paper investigates the effect of board size and the effect of ownership structure on firm performance in Egypt. Using a sample non- financial corporation from the most active 50 corporations listed in the stock exchange after excluding banks and financial firms for the period 2007 to 2009. This study adopts a correlational research design using secondary data from the disclosure book issued by the Egyptian stock exchange. Multiple regressions are used to determine the extent to which variations in performance of the most active corporations is explained by the board size and ownership structure. Firm financial performance is measured by return on assets, returns on equity and Tobin Q ratio, while corporate governance aspects were board size and ownership structure. Keywords: board size, ownership structure, financial performance, and Egypt Nourhan K. Karkoura, Graduate Teacher Assistant in Finance and Investment Department, Faculty of Financial and Administrative Sciences, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, E-mail: nourhan.khaled@pua.edu.eg 1. Introduction The importance of corporate board size and ownership structure as a mechanism of corporate governance...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com International Journal of Nursing Studies 46 (2009) 1012–1024 www.elsevier.com/ijns Engagement at work: A review of the literature Michelle R. Simpson * Center on Age and Community, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, 1921 East Hartford Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413, United States Received 26 March 2008; received in revised form 20 May 2008; accepted 22 May 2008 Abstract Objectives: Engagement at work has emerged as a potentially important employee performance and organizational management topic, however, the definition and measurement of engagement at work, and more specifically, nurse engagement, is poorly understood. The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of knowledge about engagement at work through a review of the literature. This review highlights the four lines of engagement research and focuses on the determinants and consequences of engagement at work. Methodological issues, as identified in the current research, and recommendations for future nurse-based engagement research are provided. Design: A systematic review of the business, organizational psychology, and health sciences and health administration literature about engagement at work (1990–2007) was performed. Data sources: The electronic databases for Health Sciences and Health Administration (CINAHL, MEDLINE), Business (ABI INFORM), and Psychology (PsycINFO) were systematically searched. Review methods:...
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...ANALYSIS PAPER DRAFT 1 Annotated Outline Part 1 – Analysis of Work Environment A. Identify a potential or current work environment My professional role is the director of a faith base substance abuse residential recovery organization in Kansas City, Missouri for homeless women, committed to overcoming their addiction and becoming responsible, productive drug and alcohol free members of the community. Author’s Tsai, Rosenheck, Kasprow & Mcquire (2012) study differentiated between programs that were once religious but are now secular from programs that have always been secular and programs that currently have a religious orientation. As a director for a non-profit organization and private business owner, this organization is to be considered a “service provider” facility, working directly to house, heal, feed, clothe, and educate females experiencing homelessness. Supervise a staff of 10, including an assistant director. B. Describe the population The organization would provide services to 30 single females in a Bible-based residential recovery program. Funded by Federal, State, City and private funders. The funding will be used for staff salary, food, utilities, up keep of the building, etc. Females would range from 25-45 years of age. C. Identify the appropriate code of professional ethics Ethical Standards of Human Service Professionals (2015), Retrieved from http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals ...
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...used in the study | 20 | IV | Analysis &Interpretation | 21-35 | | Demographics | 22-25 | | SEM PLS | 26-34 | | Hierarchical Regression | 35 | V | Findings | 36-38 | VI | Conclusion | 39 | VII | Reference | 40-45 | VIII | Annexure | 44-48 | ABSTRACT The study on Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction & Organisational Citizenship Behaviour explores the association of employees psychological capital with there job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour in IT sector. The study also tries to examine the mediating role played by job satisfaction between psychological capital and Organisational citizenship behaviour. A self reported paper based questionnaire survey will be conducted on employees working in IT firms in Kochi. The study was conducted among employees who were team leaders and entry level engineers employed at IT firms in Kochi. The employee with positive psychological capital and job satisfaction will exhibit organisational citizenship behaviour. Many studies have been conducted previously to identify the relationship between the variables such as on Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction & Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. The research showed positive relation among the three variables and job satisfaction having partial mediation between psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour. LITERATURE REVIEW I. LITERATURE REVIEW Information technology is playing a major role in India today and has transformed...
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...the University of Chicago, and the William A. Vawter Foundation on Business Ethics at Northwestern University. Conflict resolution [electronic resource] Team Publications. (n.d). Amherst, Mass. HRD Press c2002. This article contains team building exercises. The exercises build strength and team cohesive functions. It teaches about working together and compromising in a team setting. It details conflict resolution tactics while defining conflict resolution in a modern world. Bibliography Annotated BADEN, D. (2014). Look on the Bright Side: A Comparison of Positive and Negative Role Models in Business Ethics Education. Academy Of Management Learning & Education, 13(2), 154-170. doi:10.5465/amle.2012.0251 This study explores how positive and negative role models (PRMs and NRMs) of business affect students' attitudes, expectations, and behavioral intentions relating to their future business behavior. A thematic analysis of student reflections based on their experience of material presented in their Business...
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