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Qualitative Research Study
Running head: Qualitative Research Study
Qualitative Research Study
Grand Canyon University
NRS433V
5/30/10
Qualitative Research Study

Introduction
The qualitative research study that I chose to critique is on infections related to Nursing home-acquired pneumonia.
Pneumonia care and the nursing home: a qualitative descriptive study of resident and family member perspectives. Soo Chan Carusone,1 Mark Loeb,1,2 and Lynne Lohfeld1,3 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada2Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
3Program for Educational Research and Development, McMaster University, Canada Corresponding author. Soo Chan Carusone: chansy@mcmaster.ca; Mark Loeb: loebm@mcmaster.ca; Lynne Lohfeld: lohfeld@mcmaster.ca Received September 19, 2005; Accepted January 23, 2006.
Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lung parenchyma, build up fluid in the tissue of the lungs and then this infection spread in to whole body. The causes are mainly by Viruses, Bacteria, often caused by parasites or fungi. Pneumonia is the 5th leading cause of death in elderly. It may be unrecognized due to many factors such as it may be asymptomatic, or may be confused with other medical Pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections occur frequently among older adults residing in long-term care facilities. These infections are the most common reason for why residents are transferred to hospital. Such transfer is not only a frightening experience for these seniors, but may also be associated with multiple risks including decline in functional status, falls, delirium, and acquisition of multi-drug resistant bacteria. A clinical pathway or algorithm designed to manage residents with pneumonia on-site in the nursing home may reduce hospitalization and associated hazards. This mixed model research project used both quantitative and qualitative research methods to determine the safety, effectiveness, and experience of using a clinical pathway to manage nursing-home acquired pneumonia in a randomized controlled trial. From the perspective of healthcare providers and clinical administrators or the typical age related changes occurred in the lungs structure of the elderly.

Review of the literature
According to Marrie Tj, Slayter KL, this literature review of the report background and was supported by Miller and Crabtree, to identify key themes in the article. This paper examines the utility and sustainability of a clinical pathway for treating nursing home residents with pneumonia from the perspective of nursing administrators and medical directors in Ontario, Canada. The discussion includes a comparison of the perspectives of the administrators and the nursing staff (reported in part I of this article). A qualitative case study design was used. Data were collected from 6 nursing homes in Southern Ontario that were drawn from a larger randomized controlled trial of a clinical pathway to help identify, diagnose, and manage cases of nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Six interviews were conducted with nursing administrators and 2 with medical directors (1 per facility). Key themes were identified in the interview data using the template style of analysis described by Miller and Crabtree. Administrators were in favor of using a clinical pathway for identifying and treating pneumonia in nursing home residents. Participants thought that during the study residents with pneumonia received better and more timely care, and that nurses' clinical skills, knowledge, and confidence had improved. In comparison with views expressed by nurses and medical directors in the same facilities, nursing administrators tended to report less clinical training and staff support were required to successfully implement the pathway. Even though nurses and administrators strongly support the use of a pneumonia clinical pathway in nursing homes, implementation plans should be tailored to individual facilities and be informed by the perspectives of both administrators and staff.

Study Design
Allocation: Non-Randomized, Control: Uncontrolled, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Prevention

Methods
Nursing staff focus groups, key informant interviews, and tests of academic detailing
(educational outreach) scripts were conducted at five facilities. Based on the information gathered, the QUERI-like intervention was modified and tested at the Florence, Colorado SVH during one influenza season compared to no intervention at a nearby SVH. Forty random SVH nursing staff took an anonymous telephone survey of knowledge and attitudes about NHAP twice prior to the intervention. A second randomly selected group of CNAs and nurses took the survey after the intervention. Research assistants enrolled residents with NHAP, interviewed them and their nurses about their quality of life, assessed their function and reviewed their medical records. The intervention was multifaceted, including (1) a formative phase to tailor implementation and foster staff investment in process and outcomes, (2) institutional level change to facilitate immunization and use of appropriate antibiotics and tests; (3) interactive educational sessions to improve nursing assessment; and (4) academic detailing to physicians to impact diagnostic and prescribing practices. Data were analyzed by Template Analysis Technique for qualitative data; test-retest reliability of the knowledge and attitude survey; exploratory bivariate comparison of intervention delivery and uptake, process of care and outcomes between the intervention and control facilities.

Sampling

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Pneumonia Care and the Nursing Home: A qualitative Research Study of resident and family member perspective.
Jaya George
Introduction to Nursing Research
NRS-433 V
Bazydlo, Nora
June 06, 2011
Pneumonia Care and the Nursing Home: A qualitative Research Study of resident and family member perspective.
Introduction.
Pneumonia care and the nursing home: a qualitative descriptive study of resident and family member perspectives. Soo Chan Carusone,1 Mark Loeb,1,2 and Lynne Lohfeld1,3 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada2Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
3Program for Educational Research and Development, McMaster University, Canada Corresponding author. Soo Chan Carusone: chansy@mcmaster.ca; Mark Loeb: loebm@mcmaster.ca; Lynne Lohfeld: lohfeld@mcmaster.ca Received September 19, 2005; Accepted January 23, 2006.
Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lung parenchyma, build up fluid in the tissue of the lungs and then this infection spread in to whole body. The causes are mainly by Viruses, Bacteria, often caused by parasites or fungi. Pneumonia is the 5th leading cause of death in elderly. It may be unrecognized due to many factors such as it may be asymptomatic, or may be confused with other medical issues, or the typical age related changes occurred in the lungs structure of the elderly.
Background.
The use of long-term care facilities are increased among the Americans due to changes in social values and demographic. Not only this reasons but due to the functional dependency and clinical complexity of health issues. Most of the elderly nursing homes residents need help in daily activities and some of them had difficulties with bowel and bladder continence.
Although many long term care facilities ( LTCF) residents are currently transferred to hospital for diagnostic tests or to receive acute medical services, fiscal pressures, improved technology, and

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