...SDS-PAGE also called sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate proteins only by their size. SDS or sodium dodecyl sulfate is a detergent used to denature the proteins; they will unfold and will not have any secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure. Proteins will have a negative charge and they will move down the gel by their molecular weight. PAGE or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a polymer of the neurotoxin acrylamide and a cross-linking agent called bis-acrylamide. Usually APS and TEMED are used as catalysts for the process of cross-linking. There are two different settings of running the polyacrylamide gel, denaturing gel and non-denaturing gel or native gel. Denaturing gel consists of using urea or SDS to denature or unfold proteins and subsequently separate them by their molecular weight. A non-denaturing or native gel is used primarily to analyze the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins; therefore they do not need to be unfolded. SDS-PAGE is essential in protein analysis in different fields such as forensic, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular biology and genetics. The SDS-PAGE gel has to be poured in two parts. The first gel that is poured is the resolving gel. This type of gel consists of 3 to 30 % acrylamide thus possessing small pores and a pH of 8.8. The second gel is called the stacking gel and it is poured on top of the resolving gel. Stacking gel has 8 to 12 % acrylamide, therefore...
Words: 546 - Pages: 3
...Introduction IgG is an antibody probe that has an affinity for binding specifically to the IgG protein antigen. The research goal was to identify how closely the IgG of the tested species are related. This was accomplished by examining how goat IgG, specific for goat protein, responded to the same protein from cows, pigs, rats, and humans, and it was determined which animals have the most similar antigen binding reactions. The variability in each animal’s IgG protein was revealed by the level of affinity that the anti-goat IgG probe had for the species tested. Since the variability in each animal’s proteins is due to their genetic coding sequence this study clarified which species have the most similar genetic code. Immunoglobulins are the antigen-recognition molecules of B cells and are used as the main effector function in adaptive immunity. (Janeways, 2001) Their are five major immunoglobulin classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM and all five Ig classes are present in mammals and are produced from B lymphocytes as part of the immune response system. (Urich, 1994) IgG antibodies are large molecules, having a total molecular weight of 150kDa, composed of two heavy (H) peptide chains weighing approximately 50kDa and two light (L) peptide chains approximately 25kDa. (Janeways, 2001). The region of Light and Heavy chains connected by a disulfide bond makes up the Fragment antigen binding (Fab) structure, while the remaining Heavy chain region is referred to as the...
Words: 3084 - Pages: 13
...Researchers have found that the plant protein inhibits H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 subtypes. Of the medicinal plants studied, the Momordica Charantia plant has been reported to contain many antiviral properties (Pongthanapisith, Ikuta, Puthavathana, and Leelamanit 1). The seed of the M. Charantia was purified of the protein using Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography. The proteins are separated using Sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The technique involves placing the protein mixture on gel containing an immobilized pH gradient. The gel slows the passage of proteins and acts as a molecular filter. Samples are loaded into the SDS-polyacrylamide gel and the electric field is applied. The gel slows the passage of proteins and acts as a molecular filter separating different protein molecules according to their size. Smaller proteins move faster than larger proteins and are found near the bottom of the gel. The gel is treated with a coomassie blue stain that binds to the proteins and allows the researcher to visualize the protein bands. The SDS-PAGE method is better suited for separating smaller molecules like protein.(Nelson and Cox 93-94) Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were inoculated with Influenza virus and incubated. The number of infected cells was counted under a microscope. Proteins of the Momordica Charantia were added to the infected cells. After further incubation overnight, the infected cells were identified with nucleoprotein antibodies of...
Words: 442 - Pages: 2
...The Brad assay * is one of the most common forms of measuring absorbance through a spectrometer * uses a a dye (coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250) that binds to proteins and is absorbed at a wavelength of 465- 598 nm * Fast, therefore can meaure a 96 plate in 5 minutes * Absorbance shift allows the measure the protein at the 598 nm wavelength by using the spectrometer, can be justified through the beer-lambert law * The standard curve can be used to estimate the concentration of an unknown protein in solution by * Taking in account their known absorbance levels * Use line equation from curve * The unknown protein conc. in a sample with a known absorbance level can be determined Bradford Vs. Lowry * Lowry * Uses alkaline conditions- reduction cu 2+ to Cu+ * Folin phenol reagent- yellow to blue * Peptide bonds for monocovalent copper and radicals of try and trp react with folin * Concentrations 0.1-1.0 ug/ml of protein * Can be interfered with easily * Slow 40-60 * Colour varies with proteins * Criticial timing with procedure * * Bradford * Based on absorbance shift from brilliant blue when bound to proteins * 465- 598 (when bound) * Acidic conditions * Binds tightly to protein, and inhibits binding sites (little inference) * Limitations * Strong basic buffers Detergents interfere with binding of the cosmic blue, causing...
Words: 315 - Pages: 2
...habla do d e ir a Noru ega. La ma dre: So is tonte ares. Yo n o qui ero que via jéis. Voso tras no sap éis na da so bre el pa ís. El hi jo de l ve cino con oce un a chi ca que tra baja en Ver gen. No e s fác il. Del B La situ ación d e Ye sica y Ana stasio es m uy proble mática. N o tie nen tra bajo o alo jam iento en Esp aña, aun que acab an a i r a Es paña de sde Gre cia porq ue crey eron q ue ha y má s traba jo. Pe ro Esp aña n o ha y tr abajo a ca usa de la cris is econó mica. Aho ra h an bus cado trab ajo ca da dí a pe ro sin gr an éx ito. Está n desesp erado po rque no tien en di nero y tien en q ue dor mir en u n sop ortal. Yo pien so q ue ha n he cho mucha s co sas p ara sac ar trab ajo. Yes ica ha ma ndado 300 cur rículos y l o q ue es m uchos. L a ún ica co sa qu e h ay es qu e visi tar las ocu paciones a efe ctos de l os emplea dores pue den verlo s. Pued en emp ezar a estu diar tambi én. Pe ro yo cre o qu e a lo m ejo r es ca ro. E n el tex to 2 encon tramos do s chic as, Susa na y Sis sy q ue está n en Be rgen en N oru ega p ara trabaj ar. E n Ber gen limpia n y frie gan p ara gan ar din ero. Ga nan 18 eur os l a ho ra y traba jan tre s hora s al d ía. ¡E s ni siqu iera 150 eur os al me s en tota l! Ademá s de es o dic e un es pañol an ónimo qu e él trab aja cua tro o ci nco hor as pe ro sola mente re cibe s alario par a t res hor as. E s incali ficable, pe ro no sap en ha cer nad a. Lo s sind icatos noru egos ha n res uelto q ue lo s inmi grantes tien en per miso...
Words: 596 - Pages: 3
...Distribution (SD) Release 4.6C MYSAP.ROLES_S_SD Sales and Distribution (SD) SAP AG Copyright © Copyright 2001 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. Microsoft , WINDOWS , NT , EXCEL , Word , PowerPoint and SQL Server are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM , DB2 , OS/2 , DB2/6000 , Parallel Sysplex , MVS/ESA , RS/6000 , AIX , S/390 , ® ® ® AS/400 , OS/390 , and OS/400 are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. ORACLE is a registered trademark of ORACLE Corporation. INFORMIX -OnLine for SAP and Informix Dynamic Server Informix Software Incorporated. ® ® ® ® ® ® TM ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® are registered trademarks of UNIX , X/Open , OSF/1 , and Motif are registered trademarks of the Open Group. HTML, DHTML, XML, XHTML are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C , World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. JAVA is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. JAVASCRIPT is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape. SAP, SAP Logo, R/2, RIVA, R/3, ABAP, SAP ArchiveLink, SAP Business Workflow, WebFlow, SAP EarlyWatch...
Words: 3188 - Pages: 13
...IS 350 Final exam SAP * System, application, product * SAP ERP Main Business Modules (FI MM CO PP SD HR) * Name of the Company– SAP AG – SAP America – SAP UK * Name of the Software– SAP R/3– SAP Business One– SAP Business Object by Design – SAP Netweaver – SAP HANA SAP Technical Architecture * Three Tier Structure: GUI, Application server, and database server Configuration * The process of tailoring SAP by selecting specific functionality from a list of those supported by the software 6 stage IT implementation models (Cooper & Zmud) 1. Initiation a. Scan organizational problems/opportunities and IT solutions is undertaken 2. Adoption b. Ensure to get organizational backing for implementation of the IT implementation 3. Adaptation c. IT application is installed and organizational process is revised and developed 4. Acceptance d. Organizational members is induced to commit to IT application usage 5. Routinization e. Usage of IT application is encouraged as a normal activity 6. Infusion f. Increased organizational effectiveness is obtained by using the IT application * IT implementation Refers to team’s strategy and actions for successful system and contribution to the organization Is the extent of alignment of the IT and the organization that operates it Cooper & Zmud: Rational behaviors can explain IT implementation in the early stage of the transfer process More...
Words: 1203 - Pages: 5
...SAP FICO: SAP FICO Stands for FI (Financial Accounting) and CO (Controlling). SAP FICO is the important module of ERP and both FI and CO modules stores the financial transactions data. ◾SAP FI is the important module of all SAP implementations ◾SAP FI (Financial Accounting) is used for external reporting i.e. Balance sheet, Profit and Loss statements ◾SAP FICO Module integrates with various other SAP Modules such as MM (Materials Management), SD (Sales and Distribution), PP (Production Planning), PM (Plant Maintenance), and PS (Project Systems). ◾SAP FI (Financial Accounting) Module receives postings from various other modules such as Materials Management, Sales and Distribution, Human Resource) through integration. ◾All accounting-relevant transactions which are made in Logistics (LO) are posted real-time to Financial Accounting by automatic account determination. This data can also be passed on to Controlling (CO). SAP FI Modules contains the following sub-modules ◾General Ledger accounting ◾Accounts Receivables ◾Accounts Payable ◾Asset Accounting ◾Bank Accounting ◾Consolidation ◾Special Purpose Ledger ◾Travel Management General Ledger Accounting: - The general ledger accounting is to provide a complete report for external and internal accounting i.e. Accounts, Journals, Monthly debits and Credit, Balance sheet and Recording all business transactions. Accounts Payable: - The Accounts Payable records and manages all accounting data related to vendors Accounts...
Words: 613 - Pages: 3
...JACG Consulting Group JACG Consulting Group SAP ERP Implementation SAP ERP Implementation By Jonathan Deroza, Audry Vazquez, Crystal Wheeler and George Sergi By Jonathan Deroza, Audry Vazquez, Crystal Wheeler and George Sergi Abstract We are working on the implementation of an ERP system from SAP for our coop with a total of 51 member owners. We are under a compelling opinion that the SAP R/3 software package gives us the best opportunity to achieve our objectives by reducing reporting and invoicing errors, reducing labor and transition costs and increasing productivity throughout JACG and its membership companies. 1. Overview JACG is a consulting firm modeled a coop that provides innovation business solutions in the food industry for their member-owners and customers. Today JACG has 51 active members with sales totaling fourteen billion dollars. JACG leverages the total volume, knowledge and loyalty of their membership to establish a competitive advantage by reducing costs and offering business building competencies. The value proposition that JACG brings to the membership is defined in many area including procurement, sourcing, quality assurance and best in class consulting services for its member-owners. The AS400 system JACG has in place today is very antiquated. The system is more than 20 years old and has been customized to the juncture where the updates to the software suite provided by the manufacturer are no longer useful; it is not flexible...
Words: 2759 - Pages: 12
...SAP Modules List: Introduction to SAP and the different types of modules First, let’s get down to the basics. SAP AG is a German company that makes business management software for enterprise level businesses. SAP AG is one of the largest software companies in the world and stands for “systems, applications, and products in data processing”. SAP AG provides end to end solutions for several business applications including manufacturing, logistics, accounting, and distribution. They are best known for their SAP ERP (enterprise resource planning) software, SAP BW (data warehouse product), SAP Business Objects software, and SAP HANA, (high performance analytic appliance). If you are interested in learning more about SAP HANA, we suggest taking this class on the basics that will introduce you to SAP HANA Studio, Reporting using BI 4.0, SAP HANA Architecture, SAP HANA Administration, and SAP HANA Modeling. SAP AG is an innovative company because each of its solutions (aka modules) is integrated with all of their other modules. There is an incredible number of SAP modules available on the market. The SAP modules are divided into three main groups, functional modules, technical modules, and industry specific modules. The following is a list of the most popular SAP modules. FUNCTIONAL MODULES * SAP APO module – Advanced Planner Optimizer * SAP CO module – Controlling * SAP CRM module – Customer Relationship Management * SAP CS module – Customer Service *...
Words: 993 - Pages: 4
...LO Extraction: Part 3 Extractor Logic Applies to: SAP BI, SAP BW, ECC, ABAP, Business Intelligence Summary This part of the article explains the logic behind the LO Extractors and the relevant backend tables with the details on important function modules. Author: P Renjith Kumar Company: SAP Labs India Pvt Ltd Created on: 26 August 2010 Author Bio P Renjith Kumar is presently working in SAP Labs India Pvt Ltd and specializes in Extraction and Modeling areas of BI. Basically as an ABAP consultant, he has extensive cross functional experience and has been with end to end SAP ERP and BI implementation projects across manufacturing domain. . SAP COMMUNITY NETWORK © 2010 SAP AG SDN - sdn.sap.com | BPX - bpx.sap.com | BOC - boc.sap.com | UAC - uac.sap.com 1 LO Extraction: Part 3 Extractor Logic Table of Contents The Design of the New Extract Structures ......................................................................................................... 3 Datasource.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Datasource Activation ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Extraction Structure ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Setup Table...
Words: 2347 - Pages: 10
...execution) functions with minimal customization. Additional PFM functions can be supported through custom developed software and be integrated with these software packages to provide the full PFMS functionality. In 2006, the MoF kindly agreed to share this annex with other public sector organizations and related specialists for their internal use while designing or studying the PFM systems. This document is intended to present the functional modules of several available ASW solutions which were implemented in similar projects in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region of the World Bank. A summary of PFMS functions vs modules of selected ASW is presented below: • • • FreeBalance eFinancials Oracle E-Business Suite SAP R/3 (FreeBalance Software, Canada) (Oracle Corporation, USA) (SAP AG, Germany) FreeBalance eFinancials www.freebalance.com Budget Preparation Budget Appropriations Management of Payments Management of Revenues Accounting (General Ledger) Cash/Fund Management Commitment/Purchasing Asset/Inventory Management Financial Reports HR Management and Payroll Interfaces and Workflow Mgmt Technology...
Words: 7208 - Pages: 29
...Contents Contents 2 List of Tables 2 Reflective Piece1: SAP and Article Review 3 SAP- Company ,products/services and benefits 3 Article review: Enterprize resource planing in reengineering business…………….....6 Reflective piece 2: Impact of Internet Technology on ERP 7 Benefits and adrawbacks of Web - based ERP systems 8 Reflective Piece 3: Understanding of ERPsim Game 10 Reflective Piece 4: Data mining and competitive advantage 12 Applications of Data mining 13 Reflective Work 5: ERP Sim Experience 15 List of References 17 List of Tables Table 1. SAP Business suite applications 3 Table 2. List of benefits and drawback of ERP systems 5 Table 3. Benefits and drawbacks of web - based ERP systems 9 Table 4. Individual roles of the group members 10 REFLECTIVE PIECE 1 – SAP and Article Review SAP- SAP – company, products/service and benefits Formed in 1972, SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is seen today as the largest inter-enterprise software firm in the global market. Due to the wide range of products that they have, SAP has become the third largest independent software solutions supplier for businesses. The headquarter of the company is located In Walldorf, Germany, However, they have subsidies in over 50 countries and thousands of customers in more than 150 different countries. SAP is present in the America's, Asia and Europe (SAP 2012). SAP provides a Business Suite which is a package of applications...
Words: 4230 - Pages: 17
...pursued a strategy of IT standardization and consolidation, operates its entire global enterprise on HP systems — from the HP Integrity servers that run its SAP ERP and Business Information Warehouse, to the HP iPAQ Pocket PCs used by its retail salesforce. In addition to cost savings, the simplified infrastructure has enabled quick response to business change — most notably when General Mills acquired Pillsbury, a company of near equal size, and integrated it into its infrastructure in just 16 months. General Mills markets 100 of the world’s best-loved food brands, including Betty Crocker, Haagen-Dazs, Pillsbury, Green Giant, Old El Paso, Wheaties and Cheerios. It holds the No.1 or No.2 market position in virtually every category in which it competes. It also relies on a single vendor for its IT systems worldwide: HP. “We think that we’re extremely different in the way that we manage information systems at General Mills,” says Vandy Johnson, senior director of I.S. Operations, who oversees the $12.3 billion - dollar company’s business warehouse, data management, telecom, network, I.S. security, data center, and server and web infrastructure operations. General Mills operates the core of its business — supply chain, product lifecycle management, finance, human resources, business intelligence and data warehouse — on SAP R/3 and an Oracle9i database running on HP-UX11i v2 on Intel® Itanium® 2 processor-based HP Integrity servers. It relies on HP for its Intel-based servers and...
Words: 3508 - Pages: 15
...Pricing and Conditions (SD-BFPR) Release 4.6C ™ HELP.SDBFPR Pricing and Conditions (SD-BF-PR) SAP AG Copyright © Copyright 2000 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this brochure may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. Microsoft , WINDOWS , NT , EXCEL , Word and SQL Server are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM , DB2 , OS/2 , DB2/6000 , Parallel Sysplex , MVS/ESA , RS/6000 , AIX , S/390 , ® ® ® AS/400 , OS/390 , and OS/400 are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. ORACLE is a registered trademark of ORACLE Corporation, California, USA. INFORMIX -OnLine for SAP and Informix Dynamic Server Informix Software Incorporated. ® ® ® ® ® ® TM ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® are registered trademarks of UNIX , X/Open , OSF/1 , and Motif are registered trademarks of The Open Group. HTML, DHTML, XML, XHTML are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C , World Wide Web Consortium, Laboratory for Computer Science NE43-358, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139. JAVA is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. , 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. JAVASCRIPT is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used...
Words: 33963 - Pages: 136
