...audience with its resounding morals about human nature. It is one thing to be deceived by another person and quite another to “fool yourself” by engaging in self-deception. Of all forms of deception, I think it can be argued that self-deception is perhaps the worst. In the words of Bemos Thenes, “Nothing is easier than self-deceit for what man wishes he also believes to be true.” Self-deception is a human weakness. It means that even though something maybe wrong and untrue if an individual believes it enough it will come to pass. No matter what someone may say, it is hard to change ones opinion because that is what the person truly believes. This is portrayed in William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, through the actions of various characters. Shakespeare clearly shows the idea of self-deception through their actions and how this self-deception leads to moral disorder. Deception is introduced to the play right from the beginning when the three witches meet to talk, the mood being nothing is quite as it seems is set when they say “Fair is fowl and foul is fair, Hover through fog and filthy air”. This quote makes it seem that something bad is going to happen soon, and it also makes the mood seem dark and sinister. The three witches have a large role in causing characters such as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to become self-deceit. The three witches know exactly what is going to happen if they tell...
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...Prynne escaped from the chains of self deception when she chose to return to Boston, the birthplace of her ignominy. The gravity of Hester Prynne’s ignominy is a force unparalleled by any mundane powers at the disposal of the society that shames and shuns her. Rather, the public shame that Hester endures does not simply stain the cloth of her identity, but serves to shred her being and craft for her a new identity wrought from the very fibers of her shame. Hester’s return to Boston is sparked by her embrace of her identity in ignominy. In allowing herself to accept that her identity and her very being were crafted from her shame, she liberates herself. This epiphany is caused by her observations of both Chillingworth and Dimmesdale’s battle...
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...What are Styl Marilyn Adams Ms. Johnson Eng. 105 Day 8, August 2013 “Trickery or Deceit” Much Ado about Nothing, is one of Shakespeare’s, romantic comedies. I chose, Trickery or Deceit, as my title, because, sometimes in true life it’s difficult to determine the two. In this play deceit plays a major role. It first starts one week before the wedding. Hero and her friends decided that Beatrice and Benedick argue too much and did indeed share feelings for each other, And so they plotted a trick to make them fall in love, they included everyone in it, Don Pedro, Hero, Claudio pretended to say things about Beatrice loving Benedick so, that Benedict could hear. And then also pretended to speak alone in the garden, knowing of Beatrice’s presence they continued to say things of Benedick’s Love for Beatrice, which wooed the both of them and they both fell in love, but, had no idea they were being Deceived. But every ones happiness is to soon come to an end, as Don Jon plots to ruin their wedding.. He has Borachio pretend to court and make gestures at Hero, while Claudio and Don Pedro watched, when indeed it was Margaret whom he courted and had sex with. During my research of “Much Ado about Nothing”, I found that this is a perfect example of” Trickery or Deceit”, or both? My studies show that the author has an open mind and left the decision to be made by the audience. In the play Much Ado about Nothing...
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...correct from the information that is false. Advertisements, our parents, our children, friends, and siblings, those who we have more intimate relationships with, and even ourselves, deceive us, just as we are deceitful to them. There are many degrees to lying, varying from little white lies, to blatant deception and perjury. The motives and desired outcomes of those who lie vary greatly from person to person, as well as the degree to which they lie. Most people would agree that there are times when it is acceptable to tell white lies or even a bigger lie for the greater good, if the truth is not something of importance. I will discuss several facets of deception. To start, I will describe several types of lies and give definitions and examples of them. Then, I will talk about some facts about the frequency at which we are deceptive on an average day, and situations in which we generally increase or decrease how deceptive we are. Next, I will discuss why lies are prevalent in relationships, and how deception creates friction in the workplace. After that, I will talk about how we deceive ourselves, and why, what motivates us to lie and then I will give some arguments about the possibility of detecting when someone is lying and if you can distinguish their lies from the truth. Lastly, I will discuss several disorders that may cause one to lie, whether it is purposefully or not, and how that can affect their life and the lives of those close to them. The...
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...Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York:p 1-16. _____________________________________________________________________ Goffman analyses the study of everyday life through the perspective that, ones actions cannot be purely acted out for the sake of that action, but rather all actions are “social performances” (Goffman 1959). Three main ideas central to Goffman’s argument (within the prescribed pages 1-16) include; the differences between the two forms of expression amongst social interaction, the symmetry and asymmetry between these two forms of expression, as well as the level of agreement referred to by Goffman as the “working consensus” (Goffman 1959:p10). According to Goffman, an individual’s expressiveness is portrayed in two different forms of communication, “the expression that he gives, and the expression that he gives off (Goffman, 1959:p2). Through the use of language, verbal communication is the first form as it is the traditional and intended form of expression. Non-verbal communication in most situations is the unintentional form of expression whereby the individual is able to communicate through their physical facial and body actions, Goffman’s expresses that the “expectation being the action was carried out for reasons other than the information conveyed in this way”(Goffman 1959:p2). This also suggests that an individual can present misinformation or ‘half truths’ by the use of both types of communication, “the first involving deceit, the second...
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...unsuspecting employees and investors who may inadvertently become involved without their knowledge. This article explains, to its readers, why it is imperative to understand where this organizational killer starts, be aware of how it escalates and how moderators can prevent the deception from escalating into an organizational level phenomenon. The happy news is that escalation of deceit to the organizational level (the end) can be prevented altogether. If escalation has already started and caught in an early stage, this phenomenon can be halted and reversed using these two moderators; Commitment and implementation of a corporate code of ethics explained by Sommers, (2001), Adam and Rachman-Moore (2004), O’Dwyer and Madden (2006) and Effective Control Systems, Rosanas and Velila (2005). A morally matured person acts and behaves around the universal ethical principles, whereas, morally immature people will act and behave around egocentric motivations, Kohlberg (1969). Understanding the maturity level of the corporation’s management team is will determine the success a monitoring system would provide. For example, when a control system’s put into place, a morally immature people will most likely not monitor...
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...Hello and good morning/evening, what do you believe makes a relationship, is it love, friendship or is it established when you are born between your parents and siblings? How could this everyday phenomenon, which drives our will to live and excel, be so simple? “The Catcher in the Rye” by J.D. Salinger and “The Dark Knight” directed by Christopher Noland are my chosen examples to explore themes such as hatred, mortality and deceit, which consist of various factors affecting relationships like self-isolation, our psychological health and propaganda. “The Cather in the Rye” explores these themes in a Dark, cynical but somewhat compassionate tone, accompanied with moments of humor. “The Dark Knight” is similar and explores the themes in a dark and disturbing tone, with the addition of action. “The Catcher in the Rye” demonstrates the theme of hatred with Holden’s hate towards the adult world around him, however as a consequence this causes personal, social and mental isolation from the world and an inability to create meaningful relationships. This is the main factor for Holden’s isolation from the world, and is symbolized throughout the novel with Holden’s red hunting hat. The majority of the people he encounters are deemed as ‘phonies’ for Holden as they do not follow with his view of the world, this generalization further prevent him from making relationships and reflects upon his immaturity. The last page of the novel and more importantly the quote, “All I know is I sort...
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...and Dr. Robert Hare who both have performed extensive research in psychopathy. These authors have displayed how psychopaths slither not only their way into people’s personal lives but also the workforce with devious methods and strategies. The main tool of a psychopath is disarming charisma with the lack of empathy, remorse, and shame. Their mind is constantly searching for angles to start the games of deceit. They also represent confidence, strength, calmness, and always seem right for the job offered. Assessment, manipulation, abandonment, and ascension are the phases of psychopathic behavior which are concisely explained in very simple terms for easy understanding. The phases enable the reader to clearly understand each phase that is relevant in a psychopath’s process towards their main goals of accomplishment. The authors have clearly demonstrated how the strategies of manipulation and deceit start in the very beginning stages with the hiring process. Dr. Babiak and Dr. Hare have explicitly shown countless examples of case studies with information which ascertain the true differences of criminally insane individuals and psychopaths. These psychopaths climb up the corporate ladder utilizing disingenuous skills while...
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...organization theories can predict and explain Enron’s failures because of greed, lack of business ethics, and deception in what is considered one of the largest corporate scandals of the decade. Enron's Business Failure In July 1985, Houston Natural Gas merged with InterNorth forming the largest energy trading business called Enron (Thakur & Kalra, 2003). Based in Houston, Texas, Enron was a leading supporter of restructuring energy markets in the United States. Growing from a natural gas pipeline company into a marketing giant, Enron managed to build a large and successful organization consisting of more than 20,000 employees and boosting annual revenues of more than $100 billion. Despite Enron’s years of reported success; exposure of deceit, poor managerial business practices, and illegal activities of its key leaders led to the collapse of this marketing giant once known as the largest players in the energy trading business (Electric Power Supply association, 2012). Organizational behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people act within an organization. It explains the people-organizational relationship and its purpose to achieve organizational objectives. The focus of organizational behavior is productivity, absenteeism, and management (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Enron’s organizational behavior correlates to its unethical business practices, which is the main cause of Enron’s collapse....
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...Hamlet Theme of Appearance vs. Reality A major theme that encircles the play "Hamlet" is the disparity between what something appears to be, and what something is in reality: In otherwords, to distinguish between what is fake (a lie) and what is truth. This theme is so heavily enwoven in the play due to the fact that most of the central characters in the play hide behind a mask to conceal their true intentions while as trying to figure out what the other characters are thinking. For example, with the case of Hamlet he chooses to appear mad in front of the others (whether or not he actually turns mad is a whole other debate entirely) so that he may better conceal his true intentions (he does a poor job in this part) and gain the opportunity to kill Claudius (perhaps with the defense that he is insane?). Thus, Hamlet exaggerates and shows tremendous hatred and disgust towards Ophelia so that he may convince Polonius and Claudius that he has gone mad due to Ophelia's rejection of his love. On the other hand, there is Claudius, the duplicitous cowardly, and conniving politician. Claudius, in comparison to the rest of the characters in the play, is the master at deception and hypocrisy. Claudius hides behind a veneer of being a gentle, just, and concerned King, that grieves for his dead brother and who cares for his people and in particular, his stepson. However, in reality, Claudius conceals a very dark secret and fears Hamlet's apparent madness not because...
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...the Forest of Arden where they find themselves disguised as lower class citizens, and find truth, innocence and love. In Measure for Measure, the use of disguise is used by the Duke to reveal the innocence of Claudio, and the deceit of Lord Angelo. Yet, if any elaboration is to be made on the use of disguise in King Lear, defining the term as it adheres to Shakespearean scholars must first be made. In “Disguise in King Lear: Kent and Edgar,” a scholarly journal by Hugh Maclean, he discusses “Disguise in Elizabethan drama [to be] ‘the substitution, overlaying or metamorphosis of dramatic identity, whereby one character sustains two roles; this may involve deliberate or involuntary masquerade, mistaken or concealed identity, madness or possession’” (Maclean 49). In much of Shakespeare’s work, according to this definition, the development of one’s character can often be seen as close to the margin of disguise. Yet, King Lear exhibits characters whose disguises make significant class distinctions, favorably casting a positive light on the lower class. For some examples of this; King Lear finds himself without a home and caring daughters, he learns to sympathize with a beggar, and unclothes himself in an act to regain his lost innocence. Edgar, the victim of deceit, traverses into the disguise of a beggar with which Lear sympathizes, and dismisses his past identity. He has seen the life of “poor Tom” preserved and deems that the only way he will remain is by disguising himself in that...
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...Katrina Ramos Professor Perrone LAC 1000C: Italian December 2011 Dante’s Inferno: A Detailed Look Into Canto XXIV, Lines 1-57 Dante Alighieri’s The Divine Comedy is an allegorical epic novel describing Dante’s journey through the Inferno, to Purgatorio and finally to Paradiso. The purpose of this journey, particularly the journey through the Inferno, is to expose people to the recognition and rejection of sin (Casagrande). Dante, being that he is human, must first pass through the Inferno to witness the sinners and their according contrapasso, before he can enter Purgatorio towards his final pursuit to Paradiso. The Divine Comedy is a metaphorical journey of bringing the light of God to the darkness of human sin. In Canto XXIV (24) of the Inferno, Dante and Virgil have made their way to the eighth circle of Inferno – “The Malebolge” – and are in the process of making their journey through the 10 pits of Circle 8 (Mahfood). Being the second to last circle in the inferno, the circle of the sinners who commited fraud and theft in their early life (Dante Worlds), the contrapasso witnessed here is more terrifying than what Dante and Virgil have seen during their journey previously. To provide some background information to Canto XXIV, the previous happenings of Canto XXIII (23) should be provided: Virgil is leading Dante through the pits, or bolgia, of Circle 8 when he remembers a bridge connecting the sixth and seventh pit. Virgil asks the circle’s monster-keeper, Malacoda...
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...recklessness and corruption as a designer substitute intended for classical American ordered liberty. His chapter on the three step process (desensitize, jam, and convert) devised by sodomites to sell their spectacular species of wickedness to main street America is worth the whole price of the book. Chapters detailing the rotting corruption of the liberal education establishment, showing the manifest moral bankruptcy of modern feminism, and exposing the blood thirsty, predatory nature of the pro-abortion movement give a chilling glimpse into the cynical techniques used by the left to manipulate people into waging war against their own enlightened self interests. There is a chapter written on "Media Matrix" which is nothing short of brilliant. Kuplelian pulls back the curtain and exposes the wizards pulling the levers of fraud and deceit that has masqueraded as news for the last 40+ years. The author addresses each topic head-on without sarcasm, exaggeration or sensationalism. He is also very consistent to his theme, i.e., how the radical elements within our society have successfully, and with intent, marketed their particular view to the rest of us. Author’s Key Points A well-known Bible verse...
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...confession of pain’ – Latin Proverb. In the view of this statement compare and contrast the extent to which the playwrights demonstrate the idea that revenge arises from the pain of the aggressor. In the view of this statement and in relation to ‘Hamlet’ and ‘The Duchess of Malfi’ it is important to define what pain actually is. Pain relates to grief in terms of Hamlet grieving for his father’s death. It also relates to suffering and injury – be that of the mind or body. There are instances in ‘Hamlet’ and ‘The Duchess of Malfi’ where the motivation for revenge may arise from the emotional pain of the aggressor; there are however acts of revenge shared in these plays that cannot be explained as a confession of pain but rather as a result of self-preservation and duty. Somroo explains that ‘The motive of revenge is a primitive emotion to be found in natural man, though it is a dangerous emotion.’ Somroo explains that revenge is primitive therefore it can be explained as an impulsive emotion born of pain or suffering. This shows that suffering and revenge are closely linked; the idea that revenge is born out of pain has excited audiences throughout history as a theme of revenge tragedies. In this genre of play both Webster and Shakespeare use the theme of revenge to show that it has consequences for every character that is unfortunate enough to be involved as it often results in multiple and an almost comical amount of dead bodies. Shakespeare more than Webster has used the character...
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...created Eve, a partner that complements Adam. Man and woman are equal in status and in responsibility for actions and choices before God (Galatians 3:28), but have different strengths and weaknesses. Mankind was also created to work and rest. Adam was charged to care for the garden and its inhabitants (Genesis 2:15ff). God commanded the Israelites to rest (Genesis 20:8ff) and provided an example to us by resting on the seventh day of creation (Genesis 2:2). Part of the curse of the fall was difficulty in our work, becoming toilsome and burdensome, but it is still considered to be valuable and worthy of merit. Mankind’s relationship with God was broken when Adam and Eve partook of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. They made a conscious choice to disobey God and follow the deceit of the serpent. This action damaged the image of God that is a part of every human. I believe that the spirit was destroyed and, like Boyce, our ability to live holy lives was also destroyed. The nature to do good and live a righteous life was replaced with a sin nature that was focused on self instead of God. I...
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