...IN THE MARVELOUSLY sensitive eyes of mantis shrimps, scientists have found cells that could inspire an overhaul of humanity’s comparatively clumsy communications hardware. Mechanical analogs of their eyes “are among the most important and commonly used optical components, and the cellular structure we describe significantly outperforms these current optics,” write researchers in a study published Sunday in Nature Photonics. Mantis shrimps are reef-dwelling marine crustaceans who trace their evolutionary lineage straight back to the Cambrian age 500 million years ago, before vertebrates had even evolved. They’re so biologically unique that biologists call them “shrimps from Mars.” They possess the animal kingdom’s most complicated eyes, capable...
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...“Gun- Snapping-Shrimp” The snapping shrimp is considered the loudest thing in shallow water. In which they let off a loud popping noise. Snapping shrimp are also known by “pistol shrimp”. Living in burrows of the costal ocean making crackling sounds everywhere you turn. The snapping shrimp typically grows 1-2 inches and is a part of the Alpheidae family. Their tiny critter is what produces the “sound louder than a jet engine”. You can find these creatures in the tropical seas residing in the shallow water; the Mediterranean has a great number of them. Snapping shrimp consist of a color that looks to be dirty-green with one big claw and a smaller sized claw. The overly larger claw can sometimes be bigger than the snapping shrimp body making...
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...Sex pheromones in Lysmata shrimps Rui Yang BIO4995 Undergraduate Research Advisor: Dr. Junda Lin July 30, 2010 Introduction Many crustaceans species, such as crabs (Ryan 1966; Gleeson 1980; Seifert 1982; Hardege et al. 2002; Kamio et al. 2002), lobsters (Atema 1984 for a review), and crayfish (Ameyaw-Akumn and Hazlett 1975; Tierney et al. 1984), copulate with the females using chemical compounds as sex attractants. Pheromones as a kind of chemical signals are widespread in aquatic species. To communicate and mate, sex pheromones that emitted by male or female become the most important chemical messages and are also used in mate choice. Sex pheromones are classified two types: distance pheromones and contact pheromones. As a kind of water-borne (aquatic species) or volatile (terrestrial species) chemical, distance pheromones can take effect within a certain range in water or in air Chang et al. 2007, Lim and Greenfield 2008). Kamio et al. (2002) found that post-molt females can release a water-borne pheromone, which is different from pre-molt females. Unlike distance pheromones, contact pheromones are insoluble and coat the female’s body (Kamiguchi 1972, Bauer 1979, Borowsky 1991, Zhang and Lin 2006). In many animals, pheromones are detected by specialized receptor organs, such as vomeronasal systems of vertebrates (Halpern and Martinez-Marcos 2003). But crustaceans sense chemicals through an organ called cuticular sensilla. Antennules, as the first part of antennae, have...
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...Supply Chain of Shrimp Production in Thailand 1 Introduction The increased world market demand for shrimp has led many developing countries to enter this appealing market through massive use of shrimp farms which has had a significant impact on the world's mangrove forests because of over production and lack of care for the environment. Thailand has become the world's leader in shrimp exports, and in turn, the greatest violator of mangrove conservation. The Thai shrimp farming industry started to boom in the 1980s and was subsidized by the government. Thailand quickly became an important shrimp export industry and has been the world's largest producer of tiger shrimp since 1991. Because of the financial incentives of producing shrimp from the viewpoint of a farmer are much more attractive, more and more farmers switch from growing rice to producing shrimp. In 2009 Thailand produced over 539,000 tons of shrimp. Due to this rapid expansion and the shift into shrimp farms across Thailand, mangrove ecosystems and other parts of agricultural land have been exploited of their natural resources. The United States and Japan are the largest export markets for Thai shrimp and the demand is steadily increasing. Therefore the Thai shrimp industry has to find ways in which they can cater to the increasing demand while reducing the exploitation of their natural resources. In recent years the government stepped in and created laws to deal with shrimp farmers who damage the fragile ecosystem...
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...he term shrimp is used to refer to some decapod crustaceans, although the exact animals covered can vary. Used broadly, it may cover any of the groups with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – chiefly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata. In some fields, however, the term is used more narrowly, and may be restricted to Caridea, to smaller species of either group, or to only the marine species. Under the broader definition, shrimp may be synonymous with prawn, covering stalk-eyed swimming crustaceans with long narrow muscular tails (abdomens), long whiskers (antennae) and slender legs.[1] They swim forward by paddling with swimmerets on the underside of their abdomens. Crabs and lobsters have strong walking legs, whereas shrimp have thin fragile legs which they use primarily for perching.[2] Shrimp are widespread and abundant. They can be found feeding near the seafloor on most coasts and estuaries, as well as in rivers and lakes. To escape predators, some species flip off the seafloor and dive into the sediment.[2] They usually live from one to seven years.[3] Shrimp are often solitary, though they can form large schools during the spawning season.[2][4] There are thousands of species, and usually there is a species adapted to any particular habitat. Any small crustacean which resembles a shrimp tends to be called one.[5] They play important roles in the food chain and are important food sources for larger animals from fish to whales. The muscular tails...
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...chili, or soy sauce. Mango is used to make juices, smoothies, ice cream, fruit bars, pies, or a sweet and spicy chili paste. It is popular on a stick dipped in hot chili powder and salt or also as a main ingredient in fresh fruit combinations. “In Central America, mango is either eaten green mixed with salt, vinegar, black pepper and hot sauce, or ripe in various forms”(Fresh mangos, 2011). Toasted and ground pumpkin seed with lime and salt are used in their country when eating green mangoes. Some people also add soy sauce or chili sauce. Pieces of mango can be mashed and used as a topping on ice cream or blended with milk and ice as milkshakes. Shrimp The Shrimp’s name was derived from the Middle English word shrimpe that meant "pygmy”. “History shows that as far back as the 7th century travelers like Marco Polo mentioned Shrimp being a staple part of the...
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...world's 112.9 million metric ton fish catch. The following year, it was 13th among the 51 top fish producing countries with a total fish production of 1.8 million tons. In 2001, the country's fish yield further increased by 166,101 metric tons. There are different kinds of fishes and other aqua creatures like tilapia, tuna, mackerel, talilong, shrimps, seashells and most commonly the country’s national, the milkfish or bangus. Milkfish (Chanos chanos forskal) of bangus as locally comprises the bulk of aquaculture production in the Philippines. Its farming is regarded as the backbone of the Philippine aquaculture. They are hardy and fast growing, and can be raised in fresh and brackish water ponds, pens and cages. Being one of the dominant farmed-species for aquaculture, milkfish farming is geared towards high-density culture system, due to little or no prospect of expanding the brackish water farming area; support capture fisheries production which is on its continuing decline; and the rise and fall shrimps industry, due to disease problem. The industry’s remarkable progress can be attributed to the growing number of experienced shrimp farmers that are shifting to intensive milkfish culture. Various modifications in bangus culture have been developed towards attaining high bangus production. This manual aims to guide our fish farmers with systematized and modified milkfish farming practices. Milkfish production represents one of the main sectors of the nation's fishery industry...
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...Advantage: The fisheries and aquaculture sectors are significant contributors to the economy of Vietnam. Direct production value (at the farm gate or on the wharf) in 2003 was approximately Ð25 trillion ($1.7 billion) or approaching 4% of GDP. Export earnings from fish, shrimp and other seafood products totaled about $2.2 billion in 2003 of which 52% was shrimp 1) Natural and environmental factors : +) Vietnam has a land area of 329,200 km² , an exclusive economic zone of about 1 million km², and a coastline of 3260 km, with 28 provinces abutting with the The sea area of Vietnam can be divided into four main regions as shown in Table 1 Table 1 : Biomass and estimated MSY | Fish stock 000 tons | TAC 000 tons | Tonkin Gulf | 681.2 | 272.5 | Central Region | 606.4 | 242.6 | South Eastern | 2075.9 | 830.5 | South Western | 506.7 | 202.3 | Sea mounts | 10.0 | 2.5 | Total sea area | 300.0 | 120.0 | | 4180.2 | 1670.4 | MSY = maximum sustainable yield, TAC = total allowable catch Source: Fistenet based on RIMF 1997 estimates. +) Vietnam has a dense river network, including 2,360 rivers with a length over 10km. Eight have large basins with catchments of more than 10,000km². This river network includes many international rivers that originate in other countries. +) With some of the provinces in the Mekong delta , mangroves are central to the sustainability of many of Vietnam’s fisheries. => potential to develop in shores fisheries. +) Weather type...
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...Assessment - Operating Plan - Financial Plan - Executive summary The new business venture I planned to invest would be a Shrimp Farmer. The market demands of organic food have increased the global production of freshwater shrimp farming. Shrimp has become the most popular seafood in the United States. On the other hand, consumers are becoming more conscious and concerned about the environment damage. Many shrimp farmers often use antibiotics and hormones to increase the shrimp production. The methods used before to meet the shrimp’s demands have dramatically damage environment. Now, many advances in researcher found new methods and technology that have changed the scenario. Business Description Carrillo’s Shrimp Farm would be placed in the Desert of Imperial Valley to combine the effects of the hot sun with the qualities of deep pumping well water allowing a faster growth. The shrimp would be raise in a pond with significantly depth water having as a mission a fresh, healthy, and free hormone shrimp. Since the well water rich in mineral would be drawn from deep pumping, it would carefully monitor for pollution, contaminants, and pathogens. Neither pesticides nor chemicals would be added to care about health negative effect such as neurological damage and E. coli. Before introducing population to the ponds, the baby shrimp should be properly acclimated to reduce stress and death. Another factor that prevent unnecessary stress is a PH...
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...Bronson Shrimp Farms 1. Budgeted cost per package – Original costing system Using the original costing system that used total direct labor hours as the indirect cost allocation base, the total projected indirect costs will be allocated by first determining the allocation rate. Since we will be producing 10,000 packages of headless shrimps at 0.01 labor hours per package, the total number of hours worked would be 10,000 x 0.01 = 100 hours. Similarly, for the 50,000 packages of peeled and deveined shrimp, 50,000 x 0.05 = 2,500 hours would be worked. Therefore a total of 100 + 2,500 = 2,600 hours would be worked to complete the production. The indirect cost allocation rate will be $ 40,125 / 2,600 or $ 15.43 per hour worked. Indirect costs are then allocated as below: | Headless Shrimp | Peeled and Deveined Shrimp | Production estimates | 10,000 packages | 50,000 packages | Labor hours | 0.01 hour/package x 10,000 = 100 hours | 0.05 hour/package x 50,000 = 2,500 hours | Indirect cost allocated | $ 15.43 x 100 = $ 1,543 | $ 15.43 x 2,500 = $ 38,582 | Indirect cost per package | $ 0.154 | $ 0.772 | Next, we calculate the direct costs as follows: | Headless Shrimp | Peeled and Deveined Shrimp | Shrimp | $ 3.5 | $ 4.5 | Foam trays | $ 0.05 | $ 0.05 | Shrink wrap | $ 0.05 | $ 0.02 | Direct labor hours | 0.01 hour | 0.05 hour | Direct labor cost | 0.01 hour x $ 20 = $ 0.2 | 0.05 hour x $ 20 = $ 1 | Direct cost per package | $ 3.8 | $ 5.57 | Lastly, to...
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...in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor obseRvations Data Table 1: Brine Shrimp Hatching Data| |Day 1|Day 2|Day 3|Day 4|Day 5| |AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM| Vial #1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0| Vial #2|0|0|5|5|1|1|0|0|0|0| Vial #3|0|0|8|8|10|10|14|14|7|7| Vial #4|0|0|3|3|5|5|2|2|0|0| Vial #5|0|0|0|0|4|4|1|1|0|0| Questions A. What was your hypothesis for this experiment? I believe 60 grams of sea salt will be the best for the hatching of brine shrimp eggs. B. Based upon your observations, what was the corresponding salinity of the solutions in each of the five vials? Please explain your answer. 1) 0 2) 60 3) 90 4) 120 5) 30 Because brine shrimp have succeeded in living in highly saline bodies of water, I believe that the vials with more shrimp that hatched had the higher salinities, and the vials with no shrimp hatching had the lowest salinity levels. B. Please discuss why it was critical to this experiment that an equal number of brine shrimp eggs were added to each vial. It was critical to add an equal number of brine shrimp to each vial to keep the experiment’s quantity variable constant. Otherwise, data collected from each of the different vials could not be accurately...
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...SHRIMP ALFREDO | | Read more about it at www.cooks.com/rec/view/0,1645,151167-254200,00.html Content Copyright © 2011 Cooks.com - All rights reserved. 1 tsp. salt 2 tsp. corn oil 2 tsp. butter 1 clove garlic Sm. chopped onion 1 lb. shelled deveined shrimp 1 tsp. dry parsley 2 sticks butter 1 pt. lite cream (or half & half) 1/4 c. dry white wine 1 lemon 12 oz. fresh pasta 1/2 lb. grated Parmesan cheeseStart boiling water for pasta. Use a large pot. Add salt and oil to water. While the water is heating, put butter in a large frying pan. Turn on low flame. Heat butter until it melts. Add the garlic and onion. When garlic and onion are tender, add the shrimp. Toss often. Meanwhile, in a medium saucepan on a very low flame, add butter. After butter is melted, add cream or half and half and stir. Put on simmer. When the shrimp starts turning pink, add white wine and squeeze the lemon over shrimp. Toss and cook for 1 minute. Don't overcook. Turn off flame and cover. Add pasta to boiling water. Add Parmesan to melted butter and cream. Stir often while pasta is cooking. (Fresh pasta shouldn't take more than 3 minutes to cook. Follow directions on package.) Add more Parmesan for a thicker sauce, less for thinner sauce. Drain pasta in colander. Put the pasta back in large pot, add shrimp and sauce. Toss thoroughly. Transfer to serving dish and sprinkle parsley over top. Serve with a tossed salad and Italian bread. Serves 2 to 4....
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...CONTENTS General Instructions Section A Section B Section C Section D Section E Organization, Accounting Practices, Markets and Merchandise Sales in the Home Market or to a Third Country Sales to the United States Cost of Production and Constructed Value Cost of Further Manufacture or Assembly Performed in the United States Appendix I Appendix II Glossary of Terms Instructions for Submitting Computer Databases and Spreadsheets Appendix III Description of Products Under Review Appendix IV Certifications of Factual Accuracy and Certificate of Service Appendix V Case-Specific Questions and Modifications, Including Matching Criteria Appendix VI Arms-Length Sales to Affiliated Parties Appendix VII Sales Database Summaries GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Note: The latest antidumping questionnaires, antidumping procedures manual, which provides guidance useful for calculating much of the information requested below, and relevant laws and regulations can be found at the following links: Antidumping Questionnaires http://ia.ita.doc.gov/questionnaires/questionnaires-ad.html Antidumping Procedures Manual http://ia.ita.doc.gov/admanual/index.html Laws and Regulations http://ia.ita.doc.gov/regs/index.html This questionnaire requests information to enable the United States Department of Commerce (the "Department") to determine whether your company dumped the subject merchandise in the United States. 1 Dumping is the sale of merchandise to the United States at prices below the normal...
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...- 20 - Shrimp Industry Study: Problems, Prospects and Intervention Agenda Submitted To: USAID, BangladeshSubmitted By: ATDP Research TeamSeptember 18, 2005 Management Summary: Shrimp is one of the leading export items of Bangladesh. It accounts for roughly 2.5 percent of global exports and fetches a fair amount of foreign exchange ($250-330million for last three years). There is ample demand in the international market for shrimp and Bangladesh is blessed with an environment congenial for shrimp production. However, the industry is fraught with many obstacles at present.A primary study was undertaken to detect the problems plaguing the different levelsof the value chain of shrimp in the country. Consequently, a study was conducted inwhich the participants were representatives of the various stakeholders in thisindustry. The discussion that ensued aimed to identify obstacles to the growth of theindustry, develop some intervention strategies that would help eradicate theseobstacles . The problems that were revealed through the study are the following:Inefficient management High mortality rate Low quality shrimp Negative country image abroad Indiscriminate catching of brood mothers Lack of an integrated agriculture policy Inadequate Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Measures (SPS) Lack of standards and Lack of traceability Vertical competition amongst different actors in the value chain due to supply-demand inconsistency Lack of coordination amongst donor agencies Lack...
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...ISSN 1684–5315 © 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Effect of Bacillus subtilis on the growth and survival rate of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Hadi Zokaei Far1, Che Roos B. Saad1*, Hassan Mohd Daud2, Sharr Azni Harmin1 and Shahram Shakibazadeh1 1 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, university Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Accepted 17 March, 2009 The effect of Bacillus subtilis, isolated from digestive tract of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated on growth and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei during 60 days of culture. Sixteen aquaria with four replicates were used for treatments and controls. Treatment groups were consisted of ) shrimp fed diet with B. subtilis (T1), and ii) shrimp fed diet mixed with B. subtilis and commercial probiotic (T2). Control groups were consisted of ) shrimp fed diet with commercial probiotic as positive control, and ii) shrimp fed unaltered diet as negative control. Results showed that B. subtilis was proliferated in digestive tract of treated shrimps, and the number of Vibrio spp. was reduced in digestive tract during the cultural period. Survival rate, 75.5± 4.62 %, and yields of shrimps, 190.00 ± 13.13 g, treated with B. subtilis were significantly greater (P 0.05) was found between aquaria with or without the addition...
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