...grows so do new company’s aiming to be successful. For a construction company, this is especially true. Current businesses and new businesses want growth and the construction 2 companies are who make the physical structure of the business happen. Included in this paper, is a discussion of how horizontal mergers, government policies and regulations related to externalities, and business decisions by management affect the construction business entirely. The construction industry has been a result of a lot of change in the past few years. The construction industry consists of small business to the very large corporation. A small business in the construction industry can be considered a simple handyman business. A large business in the construction industry can be considered a new commercial builder. With the limited barrier of entry the construction industry has been threaten by new companies entering the market. New companies entering the marking have posed a threat in which causing the existing construction companies to have a strategic plan to prevent from closing their doors. With a strategic plan in place the existing construction companies will have the tools needed to compete with newer companies entering the market. The recent events in the economy have increase globalization. Globalization is the activity between the world's markets and businesses (Colander, 2010). This activity allows for import and export of goods between countries. This has been a new trend in the...
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...grows so do new company’s aiming to be successful. For a construction company, this is especially true. Current businesses and new businesses want growth and the construction companies are who make the physical structure of the business happen. Included in this paper, is a discussion of how horizontal mergers, government policies and regulations related to externalities, and business decisions by management affect the construction business entirely. The construction industry has been a result of a lot of change in the past few years. The construction industry consists of small business to the very large corporation. A small business in the construction industry can be considered a simple handyman business. A large business in the construction industry can be considered a new commercial builder. With the limited barrier of entry the construction industry has been threaten by new companies entering the market. New companies entering the marking have posed a threat in which causing the existing construction companies to have a strategic plan to prevent from closing their doors. With a strategic plan in place the existing construction companies will have the tools needed to compete with newer companies entering the market. The recent events in the economy have increase globalization. Globalization is the activity between the world's markets and businesses (Colander, 2010). This activity allows for import and export of goods between countries. This has been a new trend in the...
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...COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS – LITERATURE REVIEW 8 Public vs Private Sectors 8 Differentiate between formal & informal Sectors: 8 Private Sector Reforms: 9 Public Sector Reforms: 10 3.0 METHODOLOGY: 12 Primary Research: 12 Secondary Research: 12 POPULATION SAMPLING: 12 4.0 FINDINGS: DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS 12 Factors Contributing to the Change of Industrial Relations in the Region 12 Labor Reform Policies: 12 Globalization : 13 Economic integration 14 Change in Technology 14 Changes in Labor Law and Attitude towards Unions 15 Decentralization of Bargaining 15 Management Alteration 16 Conclusion: 17 The End . INTRODUCTION: Industrial relations today by many accounts, is in crisis. In academia, its traditional positions are threatened on one side by the dominance of mainstream economics and organizational behavior, and on the other by postmodernism. In policy-making circles, the industrial relations emphasis on institutional intervention is trumped by a neoliberal emphasis on the laissez faire promotion of free markets. In practice, labor unions are declining and fewer companies have industrial relations functions. The number of academic programs in industrial relations is therefore shrinking, and scholars are leaving the field for other areas, especially human resource management and organizational behavior. The importance of work, however, is stronger than ever, and the lessons of industrial relations remain vital. The challenge for industrial...
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...| | Abstract The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) was designed in an effort to bring the United States out of the Great Depression, but has evolved into one of the most important legislative measures to ensure fairness for all employees. This paper highlights government’s role in the compensation as well as the main provisions of the FLSA including minimum wage, overtime, record-keeping, and child labor laws. It also illustrates real and potential costs of non-compliance. Keywords: FLSA, minimum wage, overtime, child labor laws Introduction The main objective of government’s role in compensation is to assure that procedures for determining pay are fair to all. Government intervention in the compensation process includes equal pay for both men and women when performing equal or similar jobs, eliminating exploitation of children, and safety nets for unemployment and the disadvantaged. Beginning with the creation of the Bureau of Labor in 1888, government intervention has addressed many injustices, and continues to update them as new issues arise. The purpose of this paper is to track the evolution of government’s role in the compensation process, expand on some of the more prevalent laws, and highlight class action or individual legal actions against companies that violate these regulations. History Government intervention in the labor market began in 1867 when the House of Representatives created a standing committee on labor, marking the first Federal recognition...
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...rules, and regulations of the countries in which they operate. This Supplier Code of Conduct (“Code”) goes further, drawing upon internationally recognized standards, in order to advance social and environmental responsibility. Apple requires that Suppliers implement this Code using the management systems described below. The Apple Supplier Code of Conduct is modeled on and contains language from the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct. Recognized standards such as International Labour Organization Standards (ILO), Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Social Accountability International (SAI), and the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) were used as references in preparing this Code and may be useful sources of additional information. A complete list of references is provided at the end of this Code. As an extension of the Code, Apple maintains a series of detailed Standards that clarify our expectations for compliance. Labor and Human Rights Suppliers must uphold the human rights of workers, and treat them with dignity and respect as understood by the international community. Antidiscrimination Suppliers shall not discriminate against any worker based on race, color, age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, disability, religion, political affiliation, union membership, national origin, or marital status in hiring and employment practices such as applications for employment, promotions, rewards, access to training, job assignments, wages, benefits, discipline...
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...spend much of their time concerned with employee relations. With the significant changes in employment discrimination laws beginning in the early 1990’s and resulting upsurge in employment litigation, one could say that common sense and compassion in the workplace has been replaced by litigation. Today’s work environment is filled with conflicts, and diverse motivators’ fuel concerns surfacing from a wide variety of situations. Emotions are at the forefront of litigation; misunderstandings, confusion, and frustrations of balancing home and workplace are among the top contributors (Gilbert, n.d.). In this litigious environment, keeping within the multitude of new employment laws and regulations can prove difficult if HR processes are not properly in place. Employee-related regulations include those of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Americans with Disability Act of 1990 (ADA), andthe Department of Homeland Security, all of which are put in place to protect the U.S. worker. The drastic changes in employment laws combined with an uncertain future have caused many workers to feel undervalued and expendable. This loss of job security has brought unrest to many employees, causing feelings of animosity against employers. This coupled with misconceptions of employment laws, employee rights, or entitlements can increase the...
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...English (Official Language), Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba. * Religion: Christianity and Islam. * Nigeria is a multinational state. It has more than 500 ethnic groups.Administrative. * Nigeria has maintained its political stability successfully. * Three distinct systems of law in Nigeria: Common Law, Customary Law and Sharia law.Geographic * Nigeria is a costal country, so it has access to the shipping routes. * Inadequate infrastructures for logistics and supply chain.Economic * High potential for growth in economy. * Significant Difference in income levels between rich and poor. * Abundance of workforce. * Untapped market. | Relative Importance | With reference to Essential Business Requirement of COSTCO, we evaluated the significance of the four factors: * Culture *** | * Administrative **** | * Geographic **** | * Economic ** | {key: (****-Most significant) - (*- Least Significant)} | Business Challenges | * Culture * Nigeria has local informal retail shopping market. Significant difference in culture (high context). * Variety of people from different cultures, challenge to please each one. * Administrative * It has an inefficient property registration system. * Government has restrictive trade policies. * Geographic * Inadequate infrastructure. Difficult to reach out to rural customers. * Economic * Regional disparity affects target customers. * Presence of a rival (Shoprite) with a developed distribution network. | Business...
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...Trade and Unemployment: What do the data say?∗ Gabriel Felbermayr† Julien Prat‡ and Hans-Jörg Schmerer§ , , September 2010 Abstract This paper documents a robust empirical regularity: in the long-run, higher trade openness is associated to a lower structural rate of unemployment. We establish this fact using: (i) panel data from 20 OECD countries, (ii) cross-sectional data on a larger set of countries. The time structure of the panel data allows us to control for unobserved heterogeneity, whereas crosssectional data make it possible to instrument openness by its geographical component. In both setups, we purge the data from business cycle effects, include a host of institutional and geographical variables, and control for within-country trade. Our main finding is robust to various definitions of unemployment rates and openness measures. Our preferred specification suggests that a 10 percent increase in total trade openness reduces aggregate unemployment by about three quarters of one percentage point. Keywords: international trade, real openness, unemployment, GMM models, IV estimation. JEL codes: F16, E24, J6 ∗ We are very grateful to two anonymous referees, to Luca Benedictis, Peter Egger, Benjamin Jung, Wilhelm Kohler, Devashish Mitra, Christopher Pissarides, Richard Upward, as well as participants at the CESifo Munich - Tübingen workshop, and workshops at the Universities of Aarhus, Göttingen, Leicester, Uppsala and Nottingham. † Corresponding author. University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim...
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...International media paid special attention to this incident, and some regarded it as a turning point for China's labor movement. What was special about the Honda strike was not the scale or the worker's demand, and there was nothing extraordinary about the event itself: strikes and worker protests regarding wage and working conditions have become increasingly common across all economic sectors and have spread the entire country. But it was significant that the workers who stood up against Honda were mainly composed of a young migrant population. The "cheap labor force" of this silent majority fuelled the rapid economic growth in the export-oriented regions. The fact that this vulnerable group decided not to be silent anymore signalled its unbearable grievance and reflected the pattern of China's labor movement at...
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...The significance and future of scientific management 1. Introduction More than a hundred years from the first publication of “ the principles of scientific management” by Frederick W. Taylor, the founder of scientific management, came into the public (Evans and Holmes, 2013). According to Hales (2013), scientific management was defined as a broader adaptation and extension of Taylor’s principles publicized by his followers. These Principles could be described into mainly three parts. Firstly, there should be new scientific methods for each element of labor to replace the antiquated management method mainly on the basis of experience. Secondly, the selection of workers should be scientific and the employers have the duty to training and educating their employees. Thirdly, cooperate with workers and ensure that all work could be finished step by step. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the significance and future of scientific management. It starts with the contribution of this theory as well as the humanistic criticism of it. Finally, the author gave an introduction of the new modern scientific management and tried to provide a different view of scientific management and explore another kind of patterns of it. 2. The Significance of Scientific Management 1. Efficiency and Economic Development It is impressive that scientific management did bring the improvement of efficiency in enterprises and workers’ welfare. A set of statistics shows that the manufacturing output per...
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...the labor code of New York and...
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...Research Paper Cooperation with Labor Standards and its Human Rights Implications In this increasingly globalized world in which we live in, it becomes more important for the international community as a whole to communicate and work together with each other to promote solidarity and order in the international realm. One of the more recent issues that have been discussed at the international level is that of labor standards and whether or not they are appropriate and/or necessary for the maintenance of our current global economic system. While there are a great magnitude of laws and organizations that protect the interests of corporations, there is very little to protect the world’s working people. With that said I am focusing this paper around the idea that cooperating with labor standards internationally can promote human rights development in a progressive manner. I will attempt to explain this by providing a short history of labor standards for which we can make sense of their role in relation to Human Rights, following up by defining those standards and elaborating on the debate surrounding them. I will then finish by explaining how cooperating with international labor standards enables human rights development by promoting global unity, general welfare of the working class, and economic stability in the international community. In order to provide a better understanding of the impact that cooperation with international labor standards can have in respect to international...
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...Wage Methodology for the Temporary Non-Agricultural Employment H-2B Program This Rule document was issued by the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) Action Interim final rule; request for comments. Summary The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Labor (DOL) (jointly referred to as the Departments) are amending regulations governing certification for the employment of nonimmigrant workers in temporary or seasonal non-agricultural employment. This interim final rule revises how DOL provides the consultation that DHS has determined is necessary to adjudicate H-2B petitions by revising the methodology by which DOL calculates the prevailing wages to be paid to H-2B workers and U.S. workers recruited in connection with the application for certification; the prevailing wage is then used in petitioning DHS to employ nonimmigrant workers in H-2B status. DOL and DHS are jointly issuing this rule in response to the court's order in Comité de Apoyo a los Trabajadores Agricolas v. Solis, which vacated portions of DOL's current prevailing wage rate regulation, and to ensure that there is no question that the rule is in effect nationwide in light of other outstanding litigation. This rule also contains certain revisions to DHS's H-2B rule to clarify that DHS is the Executive Branch agency charged with making determinations regarding eligibility for H-2B classification, after consulting with DOL for its advice about matters with which DOL has expertise, particularly...
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............................................2 Structured Antagonism….............................................................................................................2 Government Intervention…..........................................................................................................3 Power…..........................................................................................................................................3 Unfair Dismissal….........................................................................................................................4 The Working Time Directive.........................................................................................................5 The National Minimum Wage Act.................................................................................................6 The Psychological Contract.........................................................................................................7 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................8 References…..................................................................................................................................9 1 21169290 Introduction “One of the most distinctive features of employment relations…is that it is highly politicised…and cannot be understood without reference to politics” (Williams and Adam-Smith, 2010:82). The...
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...Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market Author(s): Morris M. Kleiner and Alan B. Krueger Source: Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 31, No. 2, The Princeton Data Improvement Initiative (Part 2, April 2013), pp. S173-S202 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Society of Labor Economists and the NORC at the University of Chicago Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669060 . Accessed: 05/09/2013 08:02 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . The University of Chicago Press, Society of Labor Economists, NORC at the University of Chicago, The University of Chicago are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Labor Economics. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.6.218.72 on Thu, 5 Sep 2013 08:02:47 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market Morris M. Kleiner, University of Minnesota and National Bureau...
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