...OFPRESSURE SORE 1. Describe the current nursing practice. An instrument specifically designed to aid health care workers evaluate the dangers of pressure sores that a patient faces is called the Braden Scale. After assessment, the victim is categorized depending on six aspects: capability of physical activity, hydration and nutrition status, capacity to alter position, the ability to respond after sensing discomfort related to pressure, shearing or exposure of the skin to friction during locomotion, and skin exposure to moisture. If the overall score is lower it means the risk of pressure sore is higher (Changing Practice, Changing Lives: 10 Landmark Nursing Research Studies, n.d). Prior to this Change, Skin assessment was based on non- formalized risk assessment which varies with each clinical practice. 2. Discuss why the current nursing practice needs to be changed Using non-formalized risk assessment in Predicting pressure ulcer resulted in non-uniformity and personal clinical judgement which varies from one person to another. Using Clinical judgement is more effective where the staffs are experienced and their experience assist in appropriate predictability, but with novice staff, the use of clinical judgment is inappropriate. In a multisite trial, Braden scale was tested by clinics bringing together skilled nursing facilities, Veterans Administration or VA medical centers and hospitals providing tertiary care. Of those who took part, none had experienced pressure sores...
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...Dietetics. But I wanted to go back to basics and review and fully expand a skill that I knew of, which is Pressure Ulcers (also called pressure sores or bed sores). A stated by the NHS Choices website “It is estimated that in any given year fewer than half a million people in the UK will develop at least one pressure ulcer. About 1 in 20 people who are admitted to hospital with acute sudden illness will develop a pressure ulcer; this is usually people with underlying health conditions.” I have been a H.C.A (Health Care Assistant) for over 17 years to now, and I have always been aware of pressure ulcers, and how to try to avoid them but never really knew the complete details of What, How or When of them. I have been on many different courses for H.C.A’s through the years, but they have all really skimmed over the subject of pressure ulcers. I now work on a vascular ward of the hospital where many of the patients are bed or wheelchair bound due to lower limb amputations, caused by complication from diabetes mellitus to circulatory problems. So I thought that by widening my knowledge on pressure ulcers and skin viability, I can and will improve services to the patients I come into contact with. When trying to conduct my research for adequate literature I decided to contact the hospital Tissue Viability Nurses Specialist. When I explained to her why I was seeking her advice on research material and guidance she was glad to help, and give me a multitude of...
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...Abstract As life expectancy increases the number of older adults requiring long-term care of some kind increases. These adults have varying needs, but most adults have problems with skin integrity, muscle weakness, and emotional issues in long-term care facilities. Interventions to meet these needs focus on preventing skin break down, improving muscle strength to prevent falls, and settings that promote usefulness and a feeling of not being alone. Current options available to older adults may not meet all of their needs, and creativity is needed in devising interventions to meet these needs. Structuring long-term care settings to encourage activity in older adults and connecting with other generations can help prevent feelings of loneliness and uselessness, and help older adults live meaningful and productive lives in long-term care settings. Long-Term Healthcare Needs of the Elderly As adults age many will require long-term health care. The evolving needs of the older adult population will require creative and new ways to meet their health care needs. This paper will look at the needs older adults have, and options that are currently available to meet these long-term care needs. This paper will also present new options that have been proposed for long-term health care settings, how these options compare with current interventions, and what outcomes can be expected if these new options are implemented. The Problem As life expectancies increase the older adult population...
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...JAN ORIGINAL RESEARCH Pressure ulcers and their treatment and effects on quality of life: hospital inpatient perspectives Karen Spilsbury1, Andrea Nelson2, Nicky Cullum3, Cynthia Iglesias4, Jane Nixon5 & Su Mason6 Accepted for publication 5 September 2006 Karen Spilsbury PhD RN Research Fellow Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England, UK Andrea Nelson PhD RN Reader School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, UK Nicky Cullum PhD RN Professor Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England, UK Cynthia Iglesias PhD Research Fellow Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England, UK Jane Nixon PhD RN Deputy Head Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, UK Su Mason PhD RN Principal Research Fellow Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, UK Correspondence to Karen Spilsbury: e-mail: ks25@york.ac.uk 6 5 4 3 2 1 SPILSBURY K., NELSON A., CULLUM N., IGLESIAS C., NIXON J. & MASON S. ( 2 0 0 7 ) Pressure ulcers and their treatment and effects on quality of life: hospital inpatient perspectives. Journal of Advanced Nursing 57(5), 494–504 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04140.x Abstract Title. Pressure ulcers and their treatment and effects on quality of life: hospital inpatient perspectives Aim. This paper reports a study exploring patients’ perceptions and experiences of the impact of a pressure ulcer and its treatment on their health and quality...
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...Intro: What are Pressure Ulcers? Cayuga Medical Center’s Initiative Ideally, in modern medicine patients with wounds are bought to treatment facilities and when they leave they are healthier than when they came in. However, one problem threatens to change this. Pressure Ulcers, which form because of skin pressure reducing blood flow to an area of the body, have a habit of forming in patients with a variety of long-term problems as they are cared for in hospitals and nursing homes. The result of this is that in addition to whatever other problems a patient may have, the ulcer causes the skin and the tissue beneath the skin to die, and if the dead tissue is not quickly removed it can cause additional problems and pain for the patient. There are several factors that put one at risk of pressure ulcers, and these conditions are often difficult or impossible to treat. A typical pressure ulcer patient: suffers from mobility problems, is an older adult, has a spine or brain injury or disease such as multiple sclerosis, has a disease or condition that affect ones mental status, has fragile skin, has urinary incontinence or bowel incontinence or does not get enough nutrition. As most of these conditions are symptoms of old age or mental illness, these people will always be at risk of pressure ulcers, meaning the pressure ulcer prevention is there best chance of living comfortably. Pressure Ulcers can be treated but they are painful and if untreated they can result in death. They are...
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...Amanda Phillips Research Paper Professor Perry Fundamentals of Human Nutrition April 2, 2013 Vitamin B Complex is made up of several B vitamins. They are essential for the bodies normal functions. B vitamins can be referenced by many different names such as vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12. There are also their scientific names: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin, nicotinamide or nicotinic acide amide (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid or folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). Each vitamin B has its role in our health and is important for a healthy body. For example Vitamin B1, thiamin, plays many key roles in the body: metabolic cycle for generating energy, aids in the digestion of carbohydrates, essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system, muscles and heart; stabilizes the appetite; promotes growth and good muscle tone. Having a B1 deficiency may lead to mental depression and constipation; weakness and feeling tired; nervous irritability; insomnia; the loss of appetite; paralysis and loss of weight; or even heart and gastrointestinal problems. Vitamin B2, riboflavin, is necessary for carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism; aids in the formation of antibodies and red blood cells; maintains cell respiration; necessary for the maintenance of good vision, skin, nails, and hair; alleviates eye fatigue, promotes general health. Having a deficiency of B2 may result...
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...Sexually transmitted diseases For my research paper I decided to write on sexually transmitted diseases because it seems that we are hearing more and more about them. They are becoming more of a problem in the United States and it is fair to say that they are not going to go a way for a long time, if even at all. Sexually transmitted diseases can change a person’s life and even kill them. If a person wants to be sexually active they must understand the risks that are involved and how they can protect themselves. The first sexually transmitted disease that I want to talk about is chlamydia. Chlamydia, first of all, is a bacteria. The chance of being infected with chlamydia is very high among teenagers and young adults due to sexual activity. Chlamydia is transmitted through sexual contact, mainly vaginal or anal. It also has to be transmitted by someone that has been infected. Many people that have chlamydia do not even know they are infected, because they do not show any symptoms. To be exact, according to Engender Health, “there are about 75% of infected women and half of infected men have no symptoms of chlamydia.” The risk of a person becoming infected is very high if the person is engaging in unsafe sex, having sex with more than one partner, and being in a sexual relationship with someone who has multiple sex partners. To protect yourself and reduce your risk one should use condoms during sex, and limit your number of sex partners. (Engender Health) The symptoms...
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...Pressure Ulcers Donna Long Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Introduction to Nursing Research February 11, 2012 Shahin E. S. M., Dassen T., & Halfens R. J. G. (2009). Incidence, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in intensive care patients: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 46: 413–421 Introduction Pressure ulcers refer to damage that occurs to the skin of a patient. Pressure, shear and friction are among the known causes (Shahin, Dassen & Halfens, 2009). Pressure ulcers mostly affect the lower part of the body, the elderly and patients with spinal injuries (Shahin et al, 2009). They are expensive to treat, require long periods of time and numerous treatments to heal. As a result, the cost incurred is very high and ranks among one of the most expensive ailments in the world to treat (Shahin et al, 2009). Background of the Study It is estimated that around 13% of patients in the ICU develop pressure ulcers (Shahin et al, 2009). “Pressure ulcers are the third most expensive disorder after cancer and cardiovascular diseases” (Shahin et al, 2009, p.414). This study looks into the prevalence of pressure ulcers in ICU patients, the factors related to it, and the treatment measures. Overcoming the problem of pressure ulcers is vital especially among critically ill patients who are at the most risk of developing pressure ulcers (Shahin et al, 2009). Educating nurses can reduce the occurrence of pressure ulcers...
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...Cancer VS. Diabetes Diabetes and cancer are common diseases with a tremendous impact on health worldwide. These diseases have more differences than similarities, but can have the same outcome if not taken care of properly. There is evidence that says people with diabetes are at a greater risk for many forms of cancer. Studies show that some medications used to treat diabetes are associated with increased or a reduced risk of cancer. The mortality rate of each has increased in recent years, but with proper diet and a healthy lifestyle, these diseases can sometimes be controlled. Diabetes and cancer have the same risk factors which include age, gender, race, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol. You should lose weight and eat healthy if you are at risk for either of these two diseases. For your diet, incorporating fruits and vegetables is a step in the right direction. So far, there is no real cure for diabetes, but with regular medical care and taking care of yourself, you can manage your diabetes; reducing considerably, the risk of serious complications such as heart disease and stroke. Treatment for diabetes varies depending on what type of diabetes you have. Managing all forms of diabetes include regular monitoring of blood sugar levels; eating a well-balanced, healthy diet, and following a regular exercise program. Insulin is the most common diabetes drug. It can be injected or taken orally. Beyond medications...
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...of Essential Oils Natural First Aid solutions Natural solutions for your Home Natural remedies for you & your family Self care Nutrition How to order 3 6 7 8 10 14 15 16 2 Join Young Living today For more great resources please visit : www.ylessentialoils.com Let me tell you about the oils I have chosen to talk about in this particular E-Book. I have decided to base myself on a Young Living kit called the ‘Essential 7’ which groups the seven most popular and easy to use oils. LAVENDER is the most versatile of all essential oils. Therapeutic grade lavender has been highly regarded for the skin, and has been clinically evaluated for its relaxing effects. Wait to see all you can do with this one! LEMON has antiseptic-like properties and contains compounds that have been studied for their effects on immune function. CAUTION: Citrus oils should NOT be applied to skin that will be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light within 72 hours. PEPPERMINT is one of the oldest and most highly regarded herbs for soothing digestion. Jean Valnet, MD, studied peppermint’s effect on the liver and respiratory systems. JOY — is an exotic blend of Lemon, mandarin, Bergamot, ylang ylang, rose, Rosewood, Geranium, Palarosa, Roman chamomile and jasmine that produces an uplifting magnetic energy and brings joy to the heart PANAWAY—is a blend of Wintergreen, Clove, Peppermint and Helichrysum. This blend was created by Gary Young following an injury that severely tore the ligaments...
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...Outline for Class Project Topic: The Skin: from growth to the healing process 1. Growth A. How the skin grows a. Layers of the skin 2. Types of skin diseases A. All different types of disesase that can be caught a. how they are caught and transmitted 3. Infections of the skin A. Types of infections a. How they can affect the body 4. How skin Heals A. What types of injuries cause the skin to go into healing mode. a. How long can a healing process take The Skin: From growth to the Healing Process In this paper I am going to discuss many different topics related to our skin. When discussing the skin. a good place to start is the different layers of the skin. The skin has three different layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue(Brannon 2007) . These three layers play a very important role in how our skin grows and how it heals after injury. The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. The thickness of the epidermis varies in different types of skin. It is the thinnest on the eyelids at . 05 mm and the thickest on the palms and soles at 1.5 mm(Brannon 2007). There are five different layers to the epidermis. The bottom layers, which are shaped like columns, divide and push already formed cells into higher layers of the epidermis(Brannon 2007). Once the cells reach the top layer, which is made up of dead cells, our body sheds the top layer (Brannon 2007). This process happens approximately every two weeks. The Dermis which can also vary in thickness, like...
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...Traditional Home Remedies Of Guyana By Dmitri Allicock “A wise man should consider that health is the greatest of human blessings, and learn how by his thought to derive benefit from his illnesses” [Hippocrates -father of Western Medicine] If you grew up in Guyana you would certainly be acquainted with some of these common over the –counter- medicines and remedies that brought relief for various afflictions and ailments. Corner stores carried a wide array of medicines found only in the Caribbean and Guyana. These were augmented with herbal medicines and treatments before a visit to the doctor was attempted. Home remedies have been around for thousands of years. Even these days about 30 per cent of prescription drugs are still synthesised from plants. In fact, the word 'drug' comes from an old Dutch word, drogge, which means 'to dry' - which is how many plant medications were prepared. However, it is always wise to remember, just because something is "naturally" growing from a tree, doesn't mean it's safe to consume. Our grandparents and older folks would swear of the healing properties of herbs, leaves, roots and seeds that cured diseases which they contracted. The fact that our ancestors survived proved that some of the many remedies used then, did work and have increasing practical applications today. Arrowroot is a common plant of Guyana. Napoleon supposedly said the reason for the British love of arrowroot was to support the commerce of their...
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...THE CONTRIBUTION OF HHERBAL PLANTS IN THE FILED OF MEDICINE A Research Paper in ENGLISH IV Submitted to: Mrs. Grace B. Amar Submitted by: Queeny Kenn A. Amar Cristelle Mae T. Gille IV – Faraday Sy: 2010 – 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I Page No. Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 Chapter II Findings of the Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 14 Chapter III Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 - 18 i TOPIC OUTLINE I. Introduction II. Different types of Herbal Plants A. Luyang Dilaw (Ginger) B. Malunggay (Horseradish) C. Ampalaya (Bitter Melon) D. Mangosteen E. Sabila (Aloe Vera) III. Different practices and traditions of Herbal Plants in some countries. A. Greece B. China C. India IV. Conclusion V. Recommendations ii INTRODUCTION Herbal plants have a great contribution in the field of medicine. They are defined as the nature’s natural healers. The plants are use for treating common diseases and promotes...
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...with partial gross movement of his upper arms. P.R. is able to move his shoulders to slightly lift his arms, but has no movements in his legs or the trunk. P.R. requires total assistance for all activities of daily living, and is incontinent of both bowel and bladder function. He speaks primarily Spanish and cannot communicate in English. He is verbally abusive and becomes combative with care givers. He does not have family support in America and is having difficulty adapting to American foods. P.R. has stage III ulcers on each of his buttocks, with various bruises on his lower forearms from trying to attack the faculty personnel. Both feet are starting to turn downward, indicating plantar flexion contractures. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the issues that are involved in nursing care, based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This includes physiological, psychological, safety, and social concerns. An example of a complete nursing care plan will be provided for each category of needs identified in P.R’s case study. Patient Care Issues General Spinal cord injuries to an individual present with multiple areas of concerns to nursing care providers. Physiological issues are first addressed when the patient arrives in the emergency room to stabilize the patient according to the airway, breathing, and circulation. Then, spinal cord injury will lead to loss of motor function, urinary/bowel incontinence, sexual dysfunction, trouble breathing, and difficulty sitting...
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...Epidemiology: Chickenpox The Varicella-Zoster virus causes a very infectious disease called Chickenpox. Chickenpox is usually acquired through the inhalation of airborne respiratory droplets from an infected host. Chickenpox is primarily acquired during childhood , with more than 90% of all reported cases occurring in children under the age of 10. A person with chickenpox can spread the virus without even showing any signs or symptoms. It is usually most easily transmitted two to three days before a rash appears and keeps that high transmission rate until the blisters have crusted over. The following paper provides a detailed description of Chickenpox and the determinants of health contributing to the development of the disease. The epidemiologic triangle is used to explain the relationships among an agent, a host and the environment. The paper also addresses the role of the community health nurse in Chickenpox management and discusses the role of one national organization in the fight against the spread of Chickenpox. Description of Chickenpox Chickenpox is an infection caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus. It is considered contagious and is characterized by a itchy rash and appears like blisters all over the body . It occurs most frequently in children between the ages of five and eight years old and is transmitted so easily that the majority of the population will catch the disease at some point in their childhood. Chickenpox can be transmitted by coming into contact...
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