...In Making Sense of Criminal Justice Mays and Ruddell discuss in chapter ten the alternatives in criminal justice. One form is rehabilitation, which helps offenders better themselves and try prevent them from committing future acts. They also discuss specialized courts, which are problem solving courts, these courts would try to help better the relationship between the victim and the offender. Proposition 36 in California also known as the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention was passed, which gave offenders the option of going to jail or to community treatment program. This act showed that there was a decrease in arrest, there was an increase in savings, and reduced the numbers of minority confinement. There’s intermediate sanctions, which...
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...treatments within corrections focus on prevention strategies (16). Evidence supports the idea of healthcare interventions aiding in the reduction of crime, and recidivism rates (16). These types of interventions can reduce costs to society, and improve the therapeutic outcomes of individuals who suffer from substance abuse and mental disorders (16). Mental health courts (MHC) offer a promising alternative to incarceration. Crime can produce inevitable effects, and cause society to experience considerable economic costs (1). The combination of correctional and drug policies in the United States have contributed to the rise in prison populations across the country, resulting in billions of dollars in economic losses (1). Programs such as problem-solving courts can generate benefits by reducing costs caused by crime. The objective of many MHC studies is to provide evidence that...
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...can be easily understood by non-accountants, the judiciary, and juries. With the growing complexity of business related investigations, Forensic Accounting professionals are increasing and the need is as well for investigations of business and financial issues. Forensic Accounting Practices Forensic Accounting has been in exist for many years, today there have been an increase in the need for this type of profession. Forensic accounting is the practice of integration of accounting, auditing and investigative skills. The accountings provide a court with an accounting analysis on the basis for discussion, debate, and dispute resolution. They are trained to look beyond the numbers and deal with the reality of the situation. Most accountants work in major accounting firms and are needed for investigating mergers and acquisitions, and in tax investigations, economic crime investigations, all kinds of civil litigation support, specialized audits, and even in terrorist...
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...For someone interested in the Forensic Accountant profession they should know that this field can be time consuming, but very rewarding. People who work in this career investigate white collar crimes such as company fraud, fraudulent financial record reporting, and illegal investment schemes. In a recent study by the Federal Bureau of Investigation shows that white collar crimes have cost the United States and estimated 300 billion dollars (DiGabriele 2008). I think five of the skills that a forensic account would need are communication skills, detail oriented, professional and ethical behavior, sound judgment and discretion. Communication skills are vital in any profession. It allows you to convey information for others to receive. The problem with communication is that it can be interpreted differently by other intended parties. As a forensic accountant, communication skills, verbal and non-verbal, are important when it comes to conducting interviews and gathering information. After gathering the records, forensic accountants often conduct interviews with the accused and other involved parties to get individual stories about the irregularities. Forensic accountants have to be able to intemperate correctly the information they receive as well as ask the right questions to get the information they need. They are also looking for non-verbal forms of communication during this process. Foundational to...
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...The court system is very important and plays a role in how safe our community, state, and country can be. There are different and specials courts but the ones that are mainly divided would have to be juvenile and adult courts. Juvenile courts and adult courts have similarities, but they also have many differences. Although they both have the same principle, they both use different terminology, options, and reserve different constitutional rights. The court system will always treat minors and adults differently and because of this, teenagers or adolescents are offered more of a chance to turn their lives around before they turn down the wrong path too significantly to retract, gain more responsibility (some may have fines to pay that only they are allowed to pay if judge/probation officer demands), and depending on how bad of the situation, they will receive a dose of reality. Juvenile court is made up of three different cases: delinquency, dependency, and status offenses. For delinquency cases, the adolescent who has committed the crime would have been tried as an adult, however since they are a minor, they would use procedures of significant difference. According to Juvenile Justice (2015), since 2005 the U.S. Supreme Court has limited practices such as the execution of offenders who are under the age of 18 when their crimes were committed and life without parole sentences for crimes committed by juveniles. Some juvenile courts have expanded their problem solving...
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...Despite the high rates of violence against women and the recent attention to the physical and emotional consequences of this abuse, until recently relatively little attention had been given to the unseen victims—the children. More than half the female victims of domestic violence live in a household with children under the age of 12.Greenfield (1998). Research suggests that between 3.3 million and 10 million children in the United States are exposed to domestic violence each year and more than a decade of empirical studies indicates that exposure to domestic violence can have serious negative effects on children. These effects may include behavioral problems such as aggression, phobias, insomnia, low self-esteem, and depression. Children exposed to domestic violence may demonstrate poor academic performance and problem-solving skills, and low levels of empathy. Exposure to chronic or extreme domestic violence may result in symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder, such as emotional numbing, increased arousal, avoidance of any reminders of the violent event, or obsessive and repeated focus on the event. Retrospective studies indicate that there may also be negative effects in adulthood, including depression, low self-esteem, violent practices in the home, and criminal behavior. Carlson (1992). Families affected by domestic violence touch all service systems and live in every community. Children exposed to domestic violence are in our schools, day-care centers,...
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...World War Two warranted a stronger and more comprehensive intergovernmental organization. This would lead to the creation of the United Nations. Though the UN has stood the test of time it does have its critics who question the effectiveness of the organizations ability to respond swiftly or appropriately to global crises. From the perspective of international law the United Nations works to create new laws and agreements in counties addressing issues in a global context; i.e. terrorism, nuclear weapons, boarder disputes etc. The UN also facilitates the International Court of Justice which aims to solve disputes between nations. The International Criminal court is another international court system that aims to hold individuals who commit war crimes or other significant international crimes responsible for their actions. The United Nations, International Court of Justice and International Criminal Court all contribute to the stability of our world, although there effectiveness is limited in atmospheres. The United Nations fundamental mandate is to promote peace; this mandate can become perverted once other factors interfere. The heart of the United Nations lies in the General Assembly. The General Assembly involves delegates from all countries in...
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...officials whose sole purpose is to develop a proposal to present to the state legislature for recommendations of adjustments to the juvenile justice system. This team of consultants is creating these recommendations including all aspects of community, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector or privatization involvement. The community should be involved in the future of the juvenile justice system along with funding, awareness, and assistance from the state. Characteristics of the Golden Program and the Reclaiming Futures Program The recommendation to the state legislature is to improve the juvenile justice system by introducing proven ways of enhancing community involvement through community-based programs such as the Golden Program and the Reclaiming Futures Program. One proven way to improve effectiveness according to Nissen (2007), is a program named Golden (the integrated care network) that involves court personnel and treatment resources for juvenile offenders, which connects juveniles to treatment and positive community involvement. “Reclaiming Futures” is a strategy program of youth advocates that promotes the needs of the juveniles along with community involvement (Nissen, 2007). How Court Personnel, Social Workers, and Case Management Enhance Community Involvement Goldkind (2011) mentions that...
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...Medical examiners have certain traits. Analytical skills are very important as a medical examiner since the job is to solve complex problems. Critical thinking, problem solving, attention to detail, creativity, evaluating, data collection, and research are all examples of analytical skills. Along with the analytical skills, medical examiners need excellent communication skills. Since medical examiners work with law enforcement, families, judges and juries, they have to communicate effectively to solve the problem and bring peace to families. Medical examiners are expected to testify in court, therefore they need to excel at public speaking and have many opportunities to get better through training and mock trials. Mental toughness is a mandatory skill a medical examiner must have. After working long days and seeing horrific deaths, examiners have to go home and live a normal life. If examiners do not have mental toughness and can not compartmentalize the things they see, they will not be successful and struggle in life (How to Become a Medical Examiner | Forensic Medicine at PCOM, n.d.). Medical examiners...
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...Subspecialities of Forensic Psychology: Legal Psychology and Correctional Psychology Antonella Zavala MISSOURI VALLEY COLLEGE CJ240 ABSTRACT Forensic psychology is the science that studies the individuals offender’s behavior. Forensic Science has other sciences that coordinates its goal such as Legal Psychology which will decide whether an offender is on conditions to go or not to court and correctional psychology that will follow the behavior and rehab on an offender Introduction In the show Criminal Minds on A&E, they show a dramatize version of what very few talented people do daily. Although, it is not what really happens it gives people a light overview on something that is more realistic and detailed. Solving a case, analyzing an offender takes time and a lot of research on the individual. However, their job does not finish when they catch the bad guy because that is just the beginning of a long work on rehabilitation to prevent by analyzing the motive of every offender and been able to prevent more crimes of occurring. Legal and Correctional Psychology follows the behavior of the offender during their time inside and outside the correctional with the only purpose to understand what lead them to offense in order to prevent more murders, suicide , child abuse and so on. In America, Forensic Psychology plays an important role in the Criminal Justice System, with special focus in Legal and Correctional Psychology. In the last 30 years Forensic Psychology...
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...I´ve been intriged ever since. It’s the career I’m thinking about going to school to do. Crime Scene Investigation is a career for me since it brings my interests in forensic science and police work. My desire is to develop in any skills necessary to be successful in this field of work; plus, it would provide a steady income in the distant future. Specialized CSIs will find a small clue that could lead them to a suspect. They use various types...
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...paralegal and what duties they perform can vary widely from the common conception of working under an attorney or law firm by preparing for hearings, trials, meetings, real estate closings, helping draft documents, and even maintaining financial records; to working for federal, state, or local government agencies collecting and analyzing data for internal use as well as preparing information for use by the general public. Thomas F. Goldman & Henry R. Cheeseman, The Paralegal Professional 4, 5 (3rd ed. 2011). The skills of the paralegal: The skills of a paralegal very widely depending upon the type of work the paralegal is specialized in or engaged in. But there are some common skills shared by most paralegals and are very important. These common skills are also known as soft skills. Some of these skills are, but not limited to, communication, problem solving, teamwork, and initiative. These skills are vital as they are used in the many day to day tasks performed by the paralegal. Goldman & Henry R. Cheeseman, The Paralegal Professional 7 (3rd ed. 2011). Representation: Paralegals are not attorneys and as such cannot represent a client in any legal matters with...
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...with young offenders that are more effective and less costly than prosecuting them as adults and imposing harsh sentences. With the "get tough" reforms from different states and legislation, many juveniles have spent a historic time in adult prisons. Now, widespread legislations are attempting to change the requirements for transferring young offenders from juvenile courts to adult criminal courts, where mandatory minimum sentences and other factors make incarceration more likely. Although many criminal juvenile courts dismiss and overlook the fact that these are juveniles, regardless of the crime committed, youth are not similar to adults in ways important to determining responsibility, such as having an under-developed ability to understand the consequences of their actions. Many juveniles are overlooked at the disabilities they may have, such as ADHD, slow learning abilities or other mental setbacks. The most widespread response to such concerns is to enact new judicial transfer statutes that make it easier or mandatory to send these cases of young offenders charged with felonies to adult criminal courts. “According to the most recent data from the U.S. Department of Justice, the number of juvenile vandalism arrests in 2003 was four times as great as the number of arrests for robbery...
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...Introduction Forensic accounting has been around for many years. With the spotlight on accounting due to high profile scandals such as the Enron debacle, the market for forensic accountants has increased. The increase in white collar crimes due to the economic downturn also has forensic accounting in high demand. These accountants assist in investigating financial, auditing and business related issues and require specialized training. Forensic accountants are retained by lawyers, police forces, insurance companies, banks, and the business community. Government agencies employ forensic accountants as well. Accounting positions at the FBI date back to the 1970s and around 15 percent of today’s agents qualify as special agent accountants. These agents investigate terrorists, spies, and criminals of all kinds who are involved in financial wrongdoing (FBI.gov, 2012). Determine the most important five (5) skills that a forensic accountant needs to possess and evaluate the need for each skill. Be sure to include discussion regarding the relationship between the skill and its application to business operations. Forensic accounting is a specialty field within the broader area of accounting. These accountants are more than just number crunchers. The realm of forensic accounting requires a certain type of person who possesses specific skills and traits. Besides the core knowledge and skills of any Certified Public Accountant (CPA), they must know how to use a variety of computer...
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...officer. The historical development of police history time line began during the Early 1630’s when Colonial America early constables and sheriffs were concerned about the behaviors of the community-approved religious attendance and the appropriate restraint of farm animals, they served court papers for a fee. In the early 1840’s Metropolitan America in New York the first full time preventive force was established, with each district having its own authority. Each ward had a separate patrol and citizens were chosen by Aldermen to be officers. Frontier America territory became a state by the early 1840’s, then sheriffs and marshals were elected in the towns and counties. New entrepreneurs elected to reduce violent crime to keep their business thriving and their town’s reputation clean. By the early 1920’s police professionalism characteristic were policies focused on law enforcement and crime control, and social service elements were reduced. Political connections were rejected and civil service systems eliminated patronage. Police work became standardized with limited discretion and specialized units such as juvenile and drug units. The Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving (COPPS) had policing substations located in store fronts. When officers communicated with citizens and D.A.R.E. Programs in...
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