...Sex and drugs and rock and roll Hypothesis: the 1960’s were the most influential decade when popular culture changed the world Of the many significant events in the 20th century, the two world wars, the cold war and Vietnam, space exploration and the dramatic impacts of automation and technology on everyday life, culminating with the popularity of personal computers and the birth of the internet towards the end of the millennium, arguably no other decade had as significant an impact on popular culture as did the 1960’s. What we witness is a transition from a conformist society at the start of the decade to a counter-culture of anti-war protests, pushes towards racial and sexual equality, free love and drug influences like never before. As...
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...Influence of the 1960s The sixties were the age of youth, as 70 million children from the post-war baby boom became teenagers and young adults. The movement away from the conservative fifties continued and eventually resulted in revolutionary ways of thinking and real change in the cultural fabric of American life. No longer content to be images of the generation ahead of them, young people wanted change. The changes affected education, values, lifestyles, laws, and entertainment. Many of the revolutionary ideas which began in the sixties are continuing to evolve today (Bradley & Goodwin, 2010). Because of the sixties, I was able to grow up in a neighborhood where different cultures live harmoniously. Before the sixties, non-white people were not allowed to mixed-in with the white families. It is because of the 60s that one neighborhood can include a Hispanic family, and Asian family and an African-American family (Carter, 2010). The Civil Rights Act of 1965 gave more people the right to vote and took down the obstacles which prevented many people from participating in democracy and exercising their full rights as citizens. This enabled me to exercise my right as an individual living in the United States. The Civil Rights Act provided not only me but a lot of people the right to be vote, be heard, and express their opinion (Farber, 1994). The legacy of the 1960s can be seen including society and family structure in America. America. American society is more...
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...Although the 1960’s are usually considered the decade of greatest achievement for black civil rights, the 1940’s and 1950’s were periods of equally important gains. Asses the Validity of this statement. Equality was always a touchy subject following the civil war. Following the war, the north did not put emphasis on equality for all men. It took almost a century longer for complete equality to be achieved. Clearly these changes did not come around quickly, and it took a large group effort to bring about change. The ending results of the fight for Civil Rights that came in the 1960’s are of equal or even lesser importance to the events that enacted the change during the 1940’s and 1950’s. The 1960’s were a time of great results of the effort to establish civil rights for African Americans. In the earl sixties, movements such as the Freedom Riders were still in full effect, but the government was beginning to sway to the black side. President Kennedy brings the Civil Rights Bill to congress in 1963. It is put down by the southern democrats. As a result, Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement organize a massive political march in Washington. One of the high points of this march is Dr. Martin Luther King’s speech on the steps of the Lincoln memorial. The efforts come to fruition with the passing of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964, and Voting Rights Bill of 1965. But the Efforts made in the sixties are mere fractions of the total amount of drive from the previous decades. Civil Rights...
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...Was permissive legislation in Britain in the 1960s and 1970s a response to social change or did it create it? In 1959, six years before becoming Labour’s Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins said that ‘the state should not impinge excessively on peoples private lives and personal morality’. Permissiveness is routed in this idea of a new relationship between society and the individual, representing ‘striking changes in public and private morals’. According to Andrews, social change began in 1956 with a ‘class initiative’, caused by rapidly growing affluence. The affluence of the 1950s is proven by the proportion of homeowners in England and Wales rising from 31% to 44% between 1951-60, representing vast economic growth. Many politicians, particularly those on the Left, believed that ‘the affluent society was directly responsible for the permissive society’. Rising affluence occurred amid the re-emergence of Conservative values in the post-World War Two period, with Brown claiming that ‘the 1950s were about perfecting Victorian values’. The conservatism of the 1950s gave the 1960s a cause for rebellion, creating the unique conditions for permissive legislation to be passed. This paper will focus on acts passed between 1967-1970, including the Abortion, NHS (Family Planning) and the Sexual Offences Acts of 1967, the Divorce Reform Acts (1969), and in 1970 the Matrimonial Property Act. These permissive acts symbolised the breakdown of Victorian and Christian morals, particularly surrounding...
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...Do what you wanna do! “It’s your thing, do what you want to do! It is Crazy how this quote could truly describe the 1965-1975 era in so many ways. Around this time many things were happening like African American trying to earn true inequality in civil rights movements, free spirited hippie era and the closing of the Vietnam War. Many of those events that happened in that decade has been prolific in are day in age now and the strides in development in our country today. The cultural arts in this time period were creative but also very powerful. The way they dressed, and music that was listened to reflects to who they were and what they represent and allowed them to express themselves. . The 1960’s was a major part of American history in so...
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...the status of ethnic minorities and women change in the 1960’s? There is little doubt that the 1960’s was a decade that changed American culture in a huge way. Not only did the black community gain large amounts of equality but other minority groups such as Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, the Asian community and although not a minority group Women. There two main types of feminists in the 1960’s; liberal feminists that aimed to address economic issues and radical feminist who focused on female identity. Arguably the main issue for women was the limited opportunities in the workplace for women. In 1960 there were just 23 million employed women meaning that over sixty percent of women were unemployed. Income was also a big issue as the average income for a man in 1961 was $27000 compared to $15000 for women. In addition women accounted for 79% of unpaid work in America. In terms of female identity, radical feminists such as Ti-Grace Atkinson believed that heterosexual relationships were patriarchal and led to women being submissive. Therefore Atkinson advocated celibacy or lesbianism which received success in that it promoted gay rights campaigns in the late sixties. In 1966 the National Organisation for Women (NOW) was formed and aimed to achieve “truly equal partnership with men.” NOW was the biggest feminist group and primary aim was to focus on employment by lobbying Johnson’s government in the mid-sixties. This resulted in a number of victories such as the signing...
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...Through out history the world has seen some generations that have made an impact more than all of its predecessors. The decade from 1960 to 1970 was definitely one of those eras. The people didn't follow the teachings of its elders, but rejected them for an alternative culture, which was their very own (MacFarlane124). Made up of the younger population of the time this new culture was such a radical society that they were given their own name, which is still used today. They came to be called the Hippies. The Hippie movement started in San Francisco, California and spread across the United States, through Canada, and into parts of Europe (Hippie). But it had its greatest influence in America. During the 1960's a radical group called the Hippies shocked America with their alternative lifestyle and radical beliefs. Hippies came from many different places and had many different backgrounds. All Hippies were young, from the ages of 15 to 25 (Hippie). They left their families and did it for many different reasons. Some rejected their parents' ideas, some just wanted to get away, and others simply were outcasts, who could only fit in with the Hippie population. Fewer than twenty-five became a magical age. Young people all over the world were united by this bond (MacFarlane, 71). This bond was of Non-conformity and it was the Creed of the Young (MacFarlane, 75). Most Hippies came from wealthy middle class families. Some people said that they were spoiled and wasting their lives...
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...point for women because they had succeeded in the altering of their status as a group and changing their lives of countless men and women. Gender, Ideology, and Historical Change: Explaining the Women’s Movement was a great chapter because it explained and analyzed the change and causes of the women’s movement. Elaine Tyler May’s essay, Cold War Ideology and the Rise of Feminism and Women’s Liberation and Sixties Radicalism by Alice Echols both gave important but different opinions and ideas about the women’s movement. Also, the primary sources reflect a number of economic, cultural, political, and demographic influences on the women’s movement. This chapter really explains how the Cold War ideologies, other protests and the free speech movements occurring during this time helped spark the rise or the women’s right’s movements. In Cold War Ideology and the Rise of Feminism by Elaine Tyler May, May examines the impact of political changes on American families, specifically the relationship of a Cold War ideology and the ideal of domesticity in the 1960s. May believed that with security as the common thread, the Cold War ideology and the domestic revival reinforced each other. Personal adaption, rather than political resistance, characterized the era. However, postwar domesticity never fully delivered on its promises because the baby-boom children who grew up in suburban homes abandoned the containment ethos when they grew up. They challenged both the imperatives...
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...1960’s Essay by Hailey Kotz The Nineteen Sixties was a decade that changed America forever. The topics that arose during the sixties were not small. When they were accomplished or challenged, the outcome changed American society forever. Most legislative bills passed in the sixties still remain today. The Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) was created in August of 1964 by the Economic Opportunity Act. The OEO was a part of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s social and economic plans known as the “Great Society” and the “War on Poverty”. When it was created, the OEO coordinated the Job Corps, Neighborhood Youth Corps, work training and study programs, community action agencies including Head Start, adult education, loans for the rural poor and small businesses, work experience programs and Volunteers in Service to America. In the 1960 presidential election campaign John F. Kennedy argued for a new Civil Rights Act. The Civil Rights bill was brought before Congress in 1963 and in a speech on television on 11th June, Kennedy pointed out that: "The Negro baby born in America today, regardless of the section of the nation in which he is born, has about one-half as much chance of completing high school as a white baby born in the same place on the same day; one third as much chance of completing college; one third as much chance of becoming a professional man; twice as much chance of becoming unemployed; about one-seventh as much chance of earning $10,000 a year; a life expectancy...
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...played in the present time would have no meaning to the people playing it. For instance, a young jazz musician playing Charles Mingus' song "Fables of Faubus" (which was about the wrong doings of governor Faubus) would have no meaning to the musician because he/she never lived that era. As for new, recent music, the artist plays what he/she feels in respect to the present. For instance, Herbie Hancock's new album came out about a month ago called "Possibilities". This album was called his "all-star project" (Downbeat; Pg 38) because it featured new artists like John Mayer, Christina Aguilera, and Paul Simon. The album depicts a movement of music in how a new form of jazz, soul, and pop our recent era has developed. The decade of the 1960’s, also known as "The Sixties", are known for it’s popular culture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, formalities and schooling. Conservatives refer to...
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...1960’s Significant Events That Shaped an Era DJC958 Kaplan University – SS310 – 01 October 22, 2013 1960’s Significant Events That Shaped an Era Good day! I’m very excited you have opened this time capsule. Inside you will find a treasure of items that shaped the era of the 1960’s. Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Debbie Crabtree and the current year is 2013. The 1960’s was an era of awakening and change but it was also an era of reckoning. Many events happened in the 1960’s that stimulated personal awareness and growth as well as growth as a nation from the music to art to politics to civil rights. I could go on and on but I am including in this time capsule the major events that I feel best portray the era of the 1960’s. The first event is the lunch counter sit-in at Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina. I have included an original newspaper from the Greensboro Record. This event happened early in the decade, February 1, 1960. On this day four young African American men, freshman at the Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina, entered the Greensboro Woolworth’s. Woolworth’s sold items to both African American and white customers but they also had a segregated lunch counter for whites only. Each of the four men purchased a few small items, kept their receipts and proceeded to sit down at the lunch counter designated for whites only. They requested service and were denied. The men pulled out their receipts and asked why their...
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...The 1960s was a decade filled with change. It started out with optimism among America’s youth that was unprecedented in history. Before too long headlines of civil rights, university reform, pacifist movement against the Vietnam War, women’s rights, and sexual liberation were made and the “Camelot” vision was quickly shattered. America’s youth began to revolt against the establishment and the foregone conclusion that they would adopt the lifestyle of their parents. In ten short years societal norms were turned completely around. Never before had change happened so quickly or been driven by the same group. This rapid change is breathtaking, considering most young people are generally naïve and disinterested in events outside their immediate scope. I have therefore decided to investigate what role the media played in the youth revolutions of the 1960s. This paper will identify media’s influence in driving change and analyze relationships between media, specific historical events, and the reaction of America’s youth. This will be achieved by looking at both primary and secondary sources to determine how much influence the media played in manipulating America’s youth via songs, marketing, and select writings. The media industry’s reaction to the social and technological upheavals of the twentieth century was to encapsulate the mantra “youth as fun” and sell it to America’s teens. . It was the social exposure that the media promoted that resulted in the heightening...
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...Throughout the past couple decades, society has bared witness to a rise in romanticized and glorified war stories depicted in film and literature. However, this image of war as an honorable and worthwhile endeavor has always been present in human history up until the 1960’s. Written in 1969, Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-five is an absurd satirical novel inspired by the author’s experiences in World War II that follows protagonist Billy Pilgrim through all phases of his life as he has become unstuck in time. On the other hand, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb directed by Stanley Kubrick is a political dark humor film released around the same time, only five years prior, that satirizes the madness and terrifying...
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...ABSTRACT Pakistan’s growth experience over the past sixty years is both impressive and disappointing. It is impressive because rapid growth rate has resulted in a quadrupling of per capita incomes and reduction in poverty levels by one half despite fairly high population growth. Structural changes have transformed a predominantly agrarian economy to a more diversified production structure. But there is a sense of disappointment too. Social indicators are among the worst in developing countries. The economy of Pakistan is the 27th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 44th largest in terms of nominal GDP. 1950's & 1960's * GDP of agriculture declined, of industry doubled, of construction increased, electricity / gas and that of the services sector also increased. * more jobs were provided like transport, communication, construction and services * Industrial growth was 23% per annum in the first plan period (1955-60) * 1% percent during the second plan period (1960-65) * The food grain shortage in early 1950s because of the poor performance of the agriculture sector, forced Pakistan to borrow long term credits for imports of food grain. * Agriculture sector grew from 1.0% in the first plan period to 3.7% during the period 1960-65. * The era of war 1965 was featured by marked decrease in foreign loans inflow, slow down the industrial growth, and increase in defense expenditures and re-imposition of certain controls...
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...EDUCATIONAL PANDEMONIUM IN THE SCHOOLS OF NEWARK IN THE 1960’s It is assumed that the sixties marked the beginning of the metamorphosis of the American education system, however it was the contrary for Newark. The decline of the educational system in Newark was a direct result of economic and political decisions on the part of federal, state and local groups. In this decade, the confluence of social class and race determined the resources made available for a child’s schooling. Before we start with the education system we have to have an outside idea about the migration, relocation of the people who came and lived and made Newark their homes. There was a mass migration of the black rural agricultural workers to northern cities, a total about 161,000 blacks settling in Newark between 1940 and 1970. During the 1960’s over one quarter of the Newark’s census tracts changed from white majority to black majority. The 1970 U.S. Census showed that about 54% of Newark residents were African Americans, about 9% Puerto Ricans and about 36.6% of the population were whites. With 17,710 inhabitants per square mile Newark was the second most dense of all major cities. In Newark 23% of the population was living below the poverty level of 3000$ annual income and 38% had income of 5000$ or less. In 1961 The Newark Central Planning board came up with a report calling for the removal of estimated 31,400 families or about 25% of the population of Newark to make way for clearance of blighted areas...
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