...recruiting interviews (N 708 interviewers and 12,203 applicants for 7 different job families). A series of hierarchical linear models provided no evidence for similarity effects, although the commonly used D-score and analysis-of-variance– based interaction approaches conducted at the individual level of analysis yielded different results. The disparate results demonstrate the importance of attending to nested data structures and levels of analysis issues more broadly. Practically, the results suggest that organizations using carefully administered highly structured interviews may not need to be concerned about bias due to the mismatch between interviewer and applicant race or sex. There is a large body of literature supporting the notion that demographic similarity affects important outcomes at work (see Riordan, 2000; Williams & O’Reilly, 1998, for a review). For instance, researchers have reported that demographic similarity is positively related to communication, the probability of remaining on the job, and job satisfaction (Tsui & O’Reilly, 1989; Vecchio & Bullis, 2001; Wagner, Pfeffer, & O’Reilly, 1984; Wesolowski & Mossholder, 1997). One key limitation of this research, however, is that demographic similarity is often measured at the individual level of analysis even though it occurs between pairs of individuals or within a group. This not...
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...Marketing Research Managers need information in order to introduce products and services that create value in the mind of the customer. But the perception of value is a subjective one, and what customers value this year may be quite different from what they value next year. As such, the attributes that create value cannot simply be deduced from common knowledge. Rather, data must be collected and analyzed. The goal of marketing research is to provide the facts and direction that managers need to make their more important marketing decisions. To maximize the benefit of marketing research, those who use it need to understand the research process and its limitations. Marketing Research vs. Market Research These terms often are used interchangeably, but technically there is a difference. Market research deals specifically with the gathering of information about a market's size and trends. Marketing research covers a wider range of activities. While it may involve market research, marketing research is a more general systematic process that can be applied to a variety of marketing problems. The Value of Information Information can be useful, but what determines its real value to the organization? In general, the value of information is determined by: * The ability and willingness to act on the information. * The accuracy of the information. * The level of indecisiveness that would exist without the information. * The amount of variation in the possible...
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...questions Mr. Dean had. He then instructed her to run the analysis and they would go over the results the following day. Ms. Brown ended up with six questions that Mr. Dean was especially interested in. (Burns, A., Bush, R. (2006) p518) The problem with this case study is even though Ms. Brown may be a competent employee she isn’t Mr. Rogers. Mr. Rogers called the meeting and has his own agenda in regards to the survey findings. Unless Mr. Brown and Mr. Rogers are on the exact same page she may not be able to determine the right questions that Mr. Dean may ask: furthermore, her analysis may be in complete depending on what information she has taken form Mr. Dean. Mr. Rogers should have rescheduled the meeting so that he could ensure all pertinent areas regarding the results of the survey and questions were adequately addressed. The strengths of this case are apparent in that it is assumed that Ms. Brown has a good understanding of what Mr. Rogers wants. If she is able to accurately gather the information from Mr. Dean in regards to his concerns about the survey, then her analysis should be accurate: however this will not be known until the following day when Mr. Rogers and Ms. Brown go over the results. There is an apparent weakness in this case study in that Mr. Rogers is not present for the fact finding portion in regards to what questions Mr. Dean may have. Not to mention Mr. Rogers has left the analysis part up to Ms. Brown. It’s good that he is going over...
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...* Error types: false positive- reject a true null and false negative: fails to reject a false null hypothesis * A statistical test can either reject (prove false) or fail to reject (fail to prove false) a null hypothesis, but never prove it true (i.e., failing to reject a null hypothesis does not prove it true). 1. Decide on test statistic, Set the Rejection Criteria: P or critical value and Compute the Test Statistic 2. Decide Results of the Null Hypothesis * Independent observations * T test: sample means differences * Variability: sum of squares * Estimate of variance * Mean variance and degrees of freedom * T & F Statistics * Total Variance = variance within and between groups * When sample means are not equal variance of sample means will be higher than variance within groups * Anova Table Case Objectives | | Data Given | | Week | Bangalore Convenience | Chennai Quality | Hyderabad Price | Total | 1 | 75 | 45 | 65 | 185 | 2 | 60 | 54 | 45 | 159 | 3 | 75 | 65 | 56 | 196 | 4 | 45 | 56 | 60 | 161 | 5 | 55 | 65 | 64 | 184 | 6 | 72 | 70 | 54 | 196 | 7 | 65 | 62 | 80 | 207 | 8 | 80 | 70 | 56 | 206 | 9 | 75 | 71 | 67 | 213 | 10 | 89 | 60 | 50 | 199 | 11 | 95 | 67 | 67 | 229 | 12 | 87 | 64 | 70 | 221 | 13 | 64 | 56 | 72 | 192 | 14 | 71 | 65 | 65 | 201 | 15 | 84 | 57 | 65 | 206 | 16 | 75 | 54 | 63 | 192 | 17 | 54 | 67 | 56 | 177 | 18...
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...8A1 This assignment lets you explore a quasi-experimental model using ANCOVA data analytical approach. By doing this data analysis project, you will understand a new quantitative research model when randomized sampling is not a choice. Specifically, you will develop analytical skills to use covariate to control for or partial out effects of pre-existing differences carried by sampling. To complete the assessment, answer each question, providing IBM SPSS analysis when necessary to support your answer. For this assignment, use the small batch of data provided by Warner's textbook on page 724. These are hypothetical data. We will imagine that a three-group quasi-experimental study was done to compare the effects of three treatments on the aggressive behavior of male children. Xc, the covariate, is a pretest measure of aggressiveness: the number of aggressive behaviors emitted by each child when the child is first placed in a neutral playroom situation. This measure was done prior to exposure to the treatment. Children could not be randomly assigned to treatment groups, so the groups did not start out exactly equivalent on aggressiveness. The dependent variable, Y, is a posttest measure: the number of aggressive behaviors emitted by each child after exposure to one of the three treatments. Treatment A consisted of three different films. The A1 group saw a cartoon animal behaving aggressively. The A2 group saw a human female model behaving aggressively. The A3group saw a human male...
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... 1; pg. 158, 12 pgs| | » | |Jump to full text [pic] | | | | | | » | |Translate document into: Spanish , Portuguese | | | [pic][pic][pic][pic] |Subjects: |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Studies, Total quality, Competitive advantage, Hypotheses, Correlation | | |analysis, Organization theory, Regression analysis | |Classification Codes |9190 United States, 9130 Experimental/theoretical, 2500 Organizational behavior | |Locations: |United States, US | |Author(s): |Thomas J Douglas [pic], William Q Judge Jr [pic] | |Document types: |Feature | |Publication...
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...bubbler was bubbling more air than the air. Discuss why this happened. | 4 | Small bubble size | Present | Much less bubble formation | Present at top | Turbulent | 5 | Medium sized bubbles. Bigger than run 3. | No vortex seen | Less bubble formation | Less foam | Bubbles were seen evenly generated from both bubblers | 6 | Medium sized | Present | Evenly distributed in the bulk with a lot present near baffles | Present at top | Turbulent | 7 | Large | No vortex seen | | No Foam | Bubbles were evenly formed from both bubblers | 5.3 Analysis of Variance in parameters based on pooled data Variance in data was observed in each set of experiments due to a number of factors. These factors include stirrer speed, oxygen content, and the different sizes in air stones. From the ANOVA illustrated in Figure 1, the sources X1, X2, X3, X4 are oxygen flow rate, stone size, stirrer speed, and groups respectively. It is seen that the largest variance occurs at the stirrer speed parameter, with a F value of 24.71 as compared to oxygen flow rate at 1.82, stone size at 1.98 and groups at 0.15. This shows that the stirrer speed plays the most significant role in the variation between the sets of data. One of the reasons that might have caused this outcome was the formation of a vortex at high stirrer speeds. Although a high stirrer speed is needed for even mixing, the vortex formed creates a vacuum around an area this disrupts the mixing of the oxygen. Another factor that might have caused...
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...Young Consumers in the New Marketing Ecosystem: An Analysis of Their Usage of Interactive Technologies Strayer University Marketing Research December 4, 2011 Abstract Over the last decade, the way we communicate with each other and the way we behave as consumers has changed drastically. With an entire generation growing up with iPads, iPods, smart phones, Internet and Facebook, marketers are facing the reality that traditional methods of reaching these consumers won’t be as effective as it was in the past. The new challenge of marketers is to attempt to understand how these consumers interact with the technology they were undoubtedly “born to use”. Young Consumers in the New Marketing Ecosystem: An Analysis of Their Usage of Interactive Technologies The interactive technology habits of young people have changed dramatically over the past decade, thus, making it more difficult to market to this segment in the traditional way. The following study attempts to shed light on the behaviors and attitudes of young consumers, and how they interact in the digital world. The report discussing young consumers, ages 14 to 28 years old, presented a descriptive study based on the hypotheses that there is no difference between high school aged students and college aged student in their use of interactive technology. The main objective of the study is to help marketers understand how these young consumers interact with these technologies in an effort to strengthen their marketing...
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...Critique of Quantitative Article Elona Kronke NURS 3270: Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice December 07, 2010 Article.Critique of Quantitative Article Chiang, C. Y., & Sun, F. K. (2009). The effects of a walking program on older Chinese American immigrants with hypertension: A pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design. Public Health Nursing, 26(3), 240-248. Background and significance Hypertension has many negative impacts on health; hypertension among Chinese American immigrants has not been widely studied. Sedentary behavior is one of the major risk factors for both stroke and hypertension. The significance of identifying culturally specific interventions to decrease sedentary behavior in older Chinese American Immigrants may be useful in reducing hypertension in this population. Research question and hypothesis Two hypotheses are identified hypotheses number one is Stages of change (SOC) and participation in the walking program with/without cultural modification would affect blood pressure. Hypotheses number two is SOC and participation in a walking program with/without cultural modification would affect duration of walking. The walking program is the independent variable, and the effect of BP/duration of walking are the outcomes or dependent variables, the relationship between variable has been established. The conceptual frame work includes, Prochaska and DiClement’s Stages of Change (SOC) the SOC are identified as precontemplation...
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...1. The variance analysis schedule that Frank Roberts proposed was not necessarily the best representation of the variances for Boston Creamery. Roberts’ report stated a favorable variance of $71,700 coming mainly from sales volume. He used the revised budgeted operating income and the original budgeted income to come up with the sales volume number. The budget was not detailed as to what accounted for the differences though. That would be the first change to the variance analysis report, provide a clearer depiction of the results. He should show the effect of the changes in market size. The market size variance was actually 117,642 favorable (5,968,366-5,720,329). The suggestions offered by Jim Peterson can be incorporated into the schedule without being too technical. There may be a lot of numbers but the results are far more informative. By also looking at month to month changes to sales and operational costs they would have a better estimate and the figures would be available sooner rather than waiting until the spring of 1973. John Vance’s appendix breaks the profit planning analysis down month by month and he shows the importance of tracking actual results. For example, in January 520,000 gallons of ice cream were actually sold. They based the analysis on the forecast of only 495,000 gallons. The actual revenues for January are $28,875 under the forecast for the actual sales. The earnings statement, which is Exhibit C in the Appendix to the Case, shows that the...
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...Abstract Business strategy is the strategy which the company uses to compete with their rivals in the same industry. Business strategy is also considered as the spine of the business because it dominates other operations in the company and helps create competitive advantages over their competitors. Due to these very important roles of the business strategy, we decided conduct this research paper with the aim to test whether choosing different types of business strategies will lead to difference in the performance of the companies or not. This research paper is based on the data from quarterly financial reports of the three companies in the computer industry in US from 1999 to 2011. With the findings of the research, the paper draws a conclusion that the impacts of different strategies are not the same, so that the managers should choose the most appropriate and profit-maximizing strategy for their company. Moreover, this result of the test will give incentives to the firms to put forward further test to find out the most effective strategy, which then can be recommended to Vietnam’s businesses. I. Scenario Computer industry is a very young industry in the world and it was not until the late 1990s that it really developed rapidly. In spite of this fact, the computer industry has gained a lot of significant achievements, opening a new era for the human-beings. It is also considered as an industry that has the fastest growth rate with a lot of new innovative products being produced...
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...reasons for the favorable operating income variance of $71,700. The first major reason for the favorable operating income variance of $71,700 is that there have been higher sales volume than that forecasted. Essentially, higher sales volume has been responsible for the favorable operating income variance. The actual net sales are $9,657,300, whereas, the budgeted sales volume was $9,645,300. On the other hand unfavorable variance due to operations have actually decreased the favorable operating income variance by $46,000. Specifically, the major reason for the favorable operating income variance is the higher actual sales than planned sales of product D and product E. The planned product sales of product D was 20,000 units instead 36,000 units were sold and the planned sales of product E was 8,000 units, instead 28,000 units were sold. The basis reason for the favorable profit variance was that Midwest's actual sales volume was higher than forecast. How can an analysis of the profit variance highlight those areas needing management attention? The analysis of profit variance can show can highlight those areas that need management attention. Particularly in case of Midwest is that the variance due to operations was unfavorable. This means that areas where the costs have been higher than the budgeted costs require corrective measures. If we consider the manufacturing cost, the variable costs show that milk price variance and sugar price variance have been responsible for unfavorable...
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...Learning Problems in Kindergarten Students with Extremely Preterm, objective by the research objective was to implement a cohort study to assess early learning problems in extremely preterm(EP) children in kindergarten compared with term-born normal birth weight (NBY) controls; to identify risk factors of educational outcomes in the extremely preterm group with neonatal factor, early childhood neurodevelopmental impairment, and socioeconomic status (SES). Variables included the age, sex and ethnicity and children born January 2001-December 2003 (n=148), and term-born normal birth weight classmate controls (n=111). Main outcome measures are achievement testing, teacher ratings of learning progress, and individual educational assistance. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the extremely preterm (EP) and term-born normal birth weight (NBW) groups on tests achievement tests and total of teacher ratings of progress in written language and mathematics learning progress. Logistic regression was also used in this study to examine differences in learning problems as defined by scores on the achievement tests, special education, teacher ratings of learning and...
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...this experiment are elaborated in the conclusion section. OBJECTIVE • To identify the factors affecting the texture of rice. • To come out with a clear recommendation regarding the most favorable combination that gives rice a better texture. DESIGN OF THE EXPERIMENT Initial Design Phase The experiment design details are as below: Choice of factors • Potential design factors After careful analysis of various factors that may effect the texture, four factors were short listed for the experiment. All factors are considered at two levels chosen arbitrarily as high(+) and low(-). These factors and levels are given in the following table: |Factor |Description |Low level(+) |High level(-) |Type | |A |Water quantity |1.00...
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...Write a brief paper on Statistics and Operations Research in the context of Analytics. Analytics is defined as the scientific process of transforming data into insight for making better decisions. It is the combination of skills, technologies, applications and processes used by data scientist to gain insight in to their business based on data and statistics to drive business planning. It typically use’s data, statistical and quantitative analysis to measure the performance of the subject (Organization/ website etc.) on which a study is to be conducted. Analytics can be used in various fields such as market research, for studying user web pattern behavior & in many other applications to derive some meaningful information out of the complex world around us. But we will first touch upon the area of operations research & how Analytics with the help of various statistical tools can help to solve the operation related problem in an organization. Operations research overlaps with other disciplines, such as industrial engineering and operations management. It is often concerned with determining an optimal solution out of a business problem. It may either to maximize your profit, performance, or yield or minimize your losses, risk, or cost. In the fields of production, logistics, or sales where managers are facing a problems so as how to allocate resources, develop production schedules, manage the supply chain, and set prices. For example, it many help to decide how to organize...
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