...Active Voluntary Euthanasia Active voluntary euthanasia can be considered a number of things, whether it is suicide or physician assisted suicide. Throughout this class, we have discussed various articles that dig into this issue and that I will be using in this paper to demonstrate what is accepted, and what is not by some of society’s leading scholars. Also, I will insert my own input to these views and offer more insight on what I believe is reasonable when it comes to active voluntary euthanasia. To begin, I will start off with Immanuel Kant’s article, “The Morality of Suicide.” Kant first discusses his views on people’s obligations to their own bodies. He talks about the right of freedom that we are all given, and that this freedom is to be used so as to protect life in a way. He argues that using freedom in ways that “abolish life” is “producing lifelessness,” and is therefore “self-contradictory” (385). To sum this part up, Kant believes that human beings should not “have the power to dispose of” their lives (385). After establishing his thoughts in this region, he moved on to that of suicide, which is his almost entirely against. He first comes across the argument saying that suicide is acceptable because “man is a free agent” (385). He counters this argument by explaining that yes man is a free agent, but that we are free to the point of “self-preservation” (385). To me, this means that we do things in life by our own choice, but usually these choices are made...
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...Third Sector and the Third Way Barriers to the fulfilment of expectations of and from voluntary sector organisations under a New Labour government Dissertation for MSc Voluntary Sector Policy & Administration (SA475) June 2000 Department of Social Policy London School of Economics & Political Science Synopsis Voluntary organisations as a vehicle for volunteering, for active citizenship and for a healthier, civil society have become an important of New Labour’s thinking. The voluntary sector is also identified as a vehicle through which government priorities may be more effectively addressed in particular, measures to address social exclusion[1]. This dissertation considers the current state of the relationship between the voluntary sector and the Government and seeks to identify barriers to the fulfilment of this political vision in the context of one Department’s work.[2] The study discusses the findings in the light of the emerging thinking on the Third Way and the substantial body of work on contracting - the medium through which much of the relationship is conducted in the case of the DfEE. Whereas there is an apparent willingness to consider measures to overcome recognised barriers, there appears to be confusion about the extent to which goal deflection may have damaged the legitimacy of voluntary sector organisations. There is therefore uncertainty about which part of the voluntary sector (service delivery organisations, the community sector or social entrepreneurs)...
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...from a reckless act. -In other cases, killing is intentional but is mitigated, or reduced, from murder to manslaughter because of the surrounding circumstances. Malice Aforethought= the conscious intent to cause death or great bodily harm to another person before a person commits the crime. Such malice is a required element to prove first degree murder. Voluntary Manslaughter Voluntary Manslaughter= killings that are the natural and probable result of the defendant’s recklessness, or conscious disregard for human life or safety. *An unlawful killing caused by a willful act done with full knowledge and awareness that the person is endangering the life of another, and done in conscious disregards of that risk is voluntary manslaughter or murder. -California Penal Code 192(a) defines voluntary manslaughter as the “unlawful killing of a human being without malice.” * Heat of Passion Killings: killing in response to legally adequate provocation (malice is mitigated) * Imperfect Self-Defense : killing with an honest but unreasonable belief in the right to use deadly force (malice is mitigated) Elements of Voluntary Manslaughter: * Actus reus- the intentional killing of another * Mans rea- the killer acted either: * Under a sudden heat of passion in response to a legally adequate provocation; or -They must experience a sudden heat of passion, and must not have an opportunity to “cool off”” prior to the act of killing. -Examples of something the law recognizes...
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...In this paper I will analyze the idea of voluntary exchange, and determine whether or not the mutual benefit created through free trade is socially responsible. A basic tenant of free trade is mutually beneficial exchange, a simple enough idea, but within the frame work of this “simple” idea lays a variety of taboo subjects that one might not initially expect to encounter. These subjects include but are not limited to ideas such as the decriminalization of narcotics, the legalization of prostitution, and even assisted suicide. I’ll exclusively explore the idea of voluntary exchange within drug markets, and analyze some of the social and economic costs and benefits to society. I’m going to present statistics and viewpoints that will evoke feelings...
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...Professor McDonald PHL 154: Moral Foundations December 10, 2012 Voluntary Active Euthanasia: Morally Impermissible Voluntary active euthanasia can be defined as “the intentional and direct termination of a person's life when that person is terminally ill or when his or her death is imminent, and where that person is a competent adult who voluntarily, consistently and repeatedly requests the termination of his or her life. A terminally ill person is defined as one who has an incurable or irreversible condition which is highly likely to cause his or her death within a relatively short time (six months or less) with or without treatment.” In the recent election, Massachusetts voters had an opportunity to allow such a procedure as a ballot referendum. Regardless of whether it is legally permissible or not, voluntary active euthanasia (hereafter “VAE”) is morally impermissible. A Natural Law Argument According to the ethics of natural law, “our primary life goal should be to realize as fully as we can our potential as human beings” (Harris 91). To do this, people should use the standard of human nature to act in a way that is in accordance with human nature (92). Our human nature is determined by the common natural inclinations of humans (93). Human nature can be determined the goals humans collectively strive for (93). These ‘natural inclinations’, as referred to by Aquinas, “reflect the structure of our human nature, which natural law directs us to follow” (93). ...
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...Joyce Chen Aaron Lay ENC 1101 12 August 2013 Killing Them Softly Death is an ineluctable phenomenon, but it can be quick, possibly painless, or one can bear insufferable pain. It is stated in the Hippocratic Oath, “I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a pessary to cause an abortion” (United States). A physician should uphold his or her duty to save a person’s life, even though that person may be in immense amount of pain and rather die. This is where the debate over legalizing euthanasia comes in. Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are very similar, however, dissimilar at the same time. In all technicality, physician-assisted suicide is the active form of euthanasia, and it gained popularity after the largely controversial case of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Comprehending the basic knowledge of euthanasia and its history will help one to understand why euthanasia is not such an unacceptable practice, but also why legalizing euthanasia can benefit many people. Euthanasia is derived from “the Greek word for ‘good death’” (Terri). This “may imply that the Greeks and Romans who coined the term agreed on the basic issues [of euthanasia although,] history shows on us that this is not the case” (McDougall 3). Until Christianity came about, if the person is suffering from immense pain and/or the quality of life is futile, a physician’s duty to kill was equated to the duty to heal. Unfortunately, euthanasia...
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...Introduction. Businesses exit to serve customers. So customers are more important than any stockholders, the workers, or the management. Without customers, there is no business. So the main purpose of the business organization is to serve and satisfy its customers. The organization’s vision statement provides the future state of the organization to strive to reach. With the good leaders in the organization, it will create synergy and vision. An organisation is an organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department. A business organization is an individual or group of people that collaborate to achieve certain commercial goals. Some business organizations are formed to earn income for owners. Other business organizations, called nonprofits, are formed for public purposes. These businesses often raise money and utilize other resources to provide or support public programs. Here are some examples of organisations. • A multinational car manufacturer (eg Toyota) • A local authority • An accountancy firm (eg Ernst and Young) • A trade union (eg TUC (trade union congress) • A charity (eg Oxfam) • An army An organisation is an organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department. A business organization is an individual or group of people that collaborate to achieve certain commercial goals. Some business organizations are formed to earn income for owners. Other...
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...VOLUNTARY PENSION SCHEME: VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO PROVIDENT FUND After studying the Chilean model, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) last year took the first step towards pension reform by granting licenses to four private sector asset management companies to act as pension fund managers under the recently promulgated Voluntary Pension System Rules. Pension reforms are essential to ensure that the macroeconomic gains of the last few years are passed on to the masses. While there has been an exponential rise in consumer spending, the saving rate has remained alarmingly low. Moreover, due to inflationary pressures, the real value of money is continuously reducing. Cognizant of this fact, the government introduced the Voluntary Pension Scheme (VPS). Currently both private and public sectors offer occupation savings schemes in the shape of provident funds and gratuity schemes. However, in their truest sense, provident funds and gratuity schemes are not retirement products. Fund withdrawal, job switching and loans against the schemes are a norm. Invariably, individuals are therefore left with depleted savings at the time of retirement. The introduction of VPS, managed by private pension fund managers, will aid mobilisation of savings, which in turn will help individuals become self-reliant in old age, reduce financial liability for government and employers at large and relieve financial obligation for younger generations. The salient features of VPS are...
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...be it selfless or selfish, and rarely do we desire people to suffer….. Euthanasia is legal in many countries, but not in the land of the free. We will put animals to peace, not humans, yet there is a demand for equality. Euthanasia is defined as the act or practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinary medical treatment. Active Euthanasia, Passive Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide or Mercy Killing are the different kinds of euthanasia that most people consider to be immoral. There are five different classifications. . The different Types Euthanasia conducted with the consent of the patient is termed voluntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the U.S. states...
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...THE EXPERIENCES OF VOLUNTEERING AND SERVICE LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF A SERVICE LEARNING PROJECT AT “CROSSROADS FOUNDATION” Samuel, Ho Lee, Fullness Social Enterprises Society, Lingnan University, sleeho819@hotmail.com Erica, Kim Man Lee, Fullness Social Enterprises Society, Lingnan University, erica_lee02@yahoo.com Mike, Hyung Min Lee, Dongguk University, wemakemoves123@gmail.com Jacqueline Kelleher, Pace University, jk56646n@pace.edu Katy Kaestner, Trinity University, kkaestne@trinity.edu ABSTRACT The processes and outcomes of a service learning project conducted by a group of five students and engaged with a nonprofit organization are described in this paper. The processes and outcomes are evaluated with respect to the effectiveness of service learning as an educational means and the contribution to the nonprofit sector made by service learning initiatives. The findings include the benefit of the initial ambiguity of the service learning project and the benefit of the project outputs to the nonprofit agency. It is concluded that researchers may need to figure out the absolute relationship between initial ambiguity and the effectiveness of a service learning project and that between project outputs and the benefits received by the organization concerned. It is also concluded that researchers need to study how to keep participants’ passion towards the nonprofit sector after completion of their service learning project. KEYWORDS Service learning, volunteering, nonprofit organizations...
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...Discussion on Strategies of Internal Leadership in Chinese Non-Profit Organizations(NPOs) By Larkisha Danish BUS 510 Grants Management and Proposal Strayer University Thousands Oaks Memphis, TN Wei Li,(2011). Discussion on Strategies of Internal Leadership in Chinese Non-Profit Organizations (NOPs). Asian Social Science, Vol 7, No. 12 December 2011 pg.201 The name of the article examined in this review is “Discussion on Strategies of Internal Leadership in Chinese Non-Profit Organizations”. This article discusses, to some extent, the strategies of Chinese non-profit organizations in three aspects: the attribute of Chinese non-profit organizations and definition to the research subject, inadaptation of the traditional organization and leadership style to internal leadership within the non-profit organizations, and discussion on internal leadership strategies in Chinese non-profit organization. The attribute of Chinese non-profit organizations and definition to the research subject. The author believe that the organization should include two areas of content. One, he states that the non-profit organizations should have some type of organizational and public benefit features. Two, he also stated that an organization must have a definite mission. Mission is the premise for non-profit organizations to survive and is also the internal support of their non-profit feature and basic source power for development of non-profit organizations(Wei Li, 2011). Inadaptation...
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...THE EXPERIENCES OF VOLUNTEERING AND SERVICE LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF A SERVICE LEARNING PROJECT AT “CROSSROADS FOUNDATION” Samuel, Ho Lee、Fullness Social Enterprises Society、Lingnan University、852-9834 9725、sleeho819@hotmail.com、samuellee@ln.edu.hk Erica, Kim Man Lee、Fullness Social Enterprises Society、Lingnan University、852-91082586、erica_lee02@yahoo.com、ericalee@ln.edu.hk Mike, Hyung Min Lee 、Dongguk University、 wemakemoves123@gmail.com Jacqueline Kelleher、Pace University, NYC Campus、jk56646n@pace.edu Katy Kaestner 、Trinity University、kkaestne@trinity.edu ABSTRACT The processes and outcomes of a service learning project conducted by a group of five students and engaged with a nonprofit organization are described in this paper. The processes and outcomes are evaluated with respect to the effectiveness of service learning as an educational means and the contribution to the nonprofit sector made by service learning initiatives. The findings include the benefit of the initial ambiguity of the service learning project and the benefit of the project outputs to the nonprofit agency. It is concluded that researchers may need to figure out the absolute relationship between initial ambiguity and the effectiveness of a service learning project and that between project outputs and the benefits received by the organization concerned. It is also concluded that researchers need to study how to keep participants’ passion towards the nonprofit sector after completion of...
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...Financial Management in Non-profit Organizations and How It Compares to For-Profits Organizations are usually classified as either non-profit or for-profit. Business corporations are organized for-profit. While non-profits usually include associations, charities, and other voluntary organizations formed to further cultural, educational, religious, or public service objectives. Non-profits and for-profits do have some things in common. Both types of organizations attract individuals focused on maximizing income, minimizing expenses, and reaching their goals. While there are many similarities, non-profits and for-profits have many differences. The most fundamental difference between nonprofit and for-profit organizations is the reason they exist. A non-profit organization exists to provide a particular service to a community, while a for-profit organization exists primarily to generate a profit for the company’s owners and shareholders. A non-profit organization channels all of their income into services and programs aimed at their mission compared to for-profit organizations that distribute profits between owners, employees, shareholders and the business itself (Bottiglieri, Conway, & Kroleski, 2011). Financial management for non-profit organizations is similar to for-profit organizations in many ways however key differences shift the focus of a nonprofit manager. These differences include organizational structure, ownership, distribution of profits, generating revenue...
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...Euthanasia on a Global View The term euthanasia is not heard normally in our North American society. To knowingly take your own life is looked down upon by the majority. It being seen as acts of the mentally ill and abused. To the majority, euthanasia is seen as a useless evil used give some people an unnecessary way out of their lives. To those on the other side this gives them a solution to suffering that they have endured. The rule prevails in the United States, as in Britain, that a person who kills another with his consent for merciful reasons, when that other person is suffering from a fatal and incurable disease, is guilty of murder or manslaughter; and the rule is the same if he provides the sufferer with the means of suicide. Apparently only in Texas is the position different; there, the act of providing the means of suicide is not an offense, but directly killing the sufferer is. (Williams 1957) The idea of euthanasia or the right to die is seen as taboo in our society. The idea of death is one that most of us choose to keep from our minds. There appear to be two main arguments against euthanasia that are widely acknowledged; it would eventually not only be for the “terminally ill” and it is a rejection of the importance and value of human life. (Euthanasia 2013) Those for euthanasia claim that it helps to end suffering for the terminally ill. The opposed counter this with the argument that “terminal” can be defined in many different ways. Dr. J. Kevorkian...
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...drinking, the court can gather from the facts his intention, and whether the act was intended. Therefore, in cases where intention is essential, drunkenness is a defence. This section creates an artificial rule for effect of evidence and significance of facts, and the section must be read as it is and construed strictly. No knowledge or intention further of that of a sober man can be established to an intoxicated person. Drunkenness where not available as a defence can be offered as a mitigator of sentence. The section makes clear that intoxication has no effect on a person’s knowledge, and he must be presumed to cause the consequences of his acts. The difference between S. 85 and S. 86 is essentially based on whether the drunkenness is voluntary or involuntary. The absence of qualifying words in S. 86 cannot lead to the inference that even if the insobriety is not such to impair the reasoning of the offender, the requisite intent cannot be presumed. Where the very nature and essence of the crime is made to depend upon the condition ofthe mind at that time, the fact of intoxication is a proper subject of...
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