...It is important to study Thucydides because Thucydides can help us to understand the way politics work in the world today.This should come later – it is not an introduction to a whole paper – always assume your reader is not familiar with your topic In his book titled, The History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides brings to light, some of the causes of the war, as well as some of the consequences of the war. (This is a good opening sentence. It introduces the reader to the topic) Thucydides analyzed the Peloponnesian War on a deeper level (what do you mean?) to help us understand why and how things occur in the world. The world has a better understanding of war and politics in general because of Thucydides. Thucydides’ account of The History of the Peloponnesian War has taught us many things about how politics work in the modern world. (These last three sentences are a little repetitive and do not give a lot of information) One thing that Thucydides’ work on the Peloponnesian War has taught us is that states are only concerned with their own interests, and how their interests can benefit them (repetitive). Good! This is demonstrated in the conflict between Melos and Athens. Good! The Melians wanted to avoid conflict with Athens by trying to persuade them that the Athenians should not attack them because they were neutral and not allies to either side (Thucydides Book VI, p. 2). The Athenians did not comply with the Melians plea to maintain their territory. Instead,...
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... Page 1 Literature review Page 1-2 Discussion: - What is political equality for women? Page 3 - How are Laws made in Britain? Page 4 - What is the vote and how does it work? Page 4-5 - What prevents women from entering politics? Page 5 - What political rights did women gain? Page 5-6 - Is Political Equality for women important? Page 6-7 - What does the progress women have achieved in politics and Page 7-8 society show towards gaining political equality? - What setbacks have women faced? Page 8 - What does the number of female MP’s in each political party show? Page 8-9 Conclusion ...
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...known as power politics), claims that universal standards of morality cannot be an constant guide to IR because there is an "ineluctable tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action." He argues that state actors must think and act in terms of power and must do whatever it takes to defend the national interests of their state. J. Ann Tickner, commenting on the primacy of power in Morgenthau's writings, explains that what he considers to be "a realistic description of international politics is only a picture of the past and therefore not a prediction about the future", and proposes what she considers to be a feminist alternative: a world in which state actors think of power in terms of collective empowerment, not in terms of domination over one another, could produce more cooperative outcomes and pose fewer conflicts between the dictates of morality and the power of self-interest (Art & Jervis, 2005). Emergence of Feminism Most of the early feminists in IR were IR theorists, researchers, and policy practitioners, who read syllabi full of scholarly articles by mainly or only men, and seen IR as a scholarly place often hostile to women and femininity. Feminist scholarship came into the discipline of International Relations(IR) around the 1980s and 1990s. It was not IR that produced the feminist insight, for feminism is, according to Daddow (2009), "a wider social and intellectual movement that has had a big impact in politics, society, and...
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...WHAT IS POLITICS? Why do we have to be interested in politics? If you’re not, others will influence the decisions that govern your lives. For example, who decides to declare war, to fix taxes….Ignorant is manipulated. Aristotle, the founder of the discipline, called politics the “master science”: he meant that almost everything happens in a political context. For example, politics is connected to economics: suppose a hurricane or earthquake strikes a country, in this case it is the political system that decides for example which victims to aid. The disaster is natural, but its impact on society is controlled by politics. Politics may be immoral: we have a misuse of power, corruption…. But even if we don’t like these features, we have to understand how things go on: how A gets B to do what A wants. This is what Political Science tries to explain. Political Science is related to the other social sciences: - History: it’s an important source of data for political scientists (if we analyze the Cold War (1947-1989), we have to know the events so history). But the data are handled differently: political scientists look for generalizations, historians for details. - Geography: physical and human (ethnic areas, regions …….) - Economics: many political quarrels are economic. A good economic development may be the basis for democracy, only few poor countries are democratic. - Sociology: Political Science starts by looking at society to see “who thinks what”about politics. For...
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...make others do what you would have them to do. b. Liu’s definition of civics: The definition of civics simply means the art of being a pro-social, problem-solving, problem-solving contributor in a self-governing community. c. The result of our creeping fatalism in public life is: Depressingly low levels of civic knowledge, civil engagement, and participation awareness. The whole business of politics has been effectively subcontracted out to a band of professionals, money people, outreach people, message people, and research people. The rest of us are meant to feel like amateurs in the sense of suckers. We become demotivated to learn more about how things work. We begin to opt out. d. If people don't learn power, people don't wake up, and if they don't wake up, they get left out. e. All of civics boils down to the simple question of who decides, and you have to play that out in a place, in an arena f. Liu argues the best place to practice power is the city. g. What is the challenge and opportunity in citizen power today? Do you have command of these elemental questions of power? Could you put into practice effectively what it is that you know? Question 2 Video 2: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-to-understand-power-eric-liu#watch a. The ability to make others do what you would have them do is called power b. Using law and bureaucracy to compel people to do and not do certain things is called state action c. What are the six main...
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...CHAPTER 1 – POLITICS AND KNOWLEDGE INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE Review Sekar Rizki Wibowo – KKI_B What is politics? Politics is a process by which a group of people, whose opinions or interests might be different from each other, reach collective decisions that are generally regarded as binding on the group and enforced as a common policy. The basis of political knowledge always came from three important sources, which are: 1. Authority : Involves the appeal of any documents, tradition, or person that is believed to be an important source of politics or some explanation regarding a particular issue. 2. Personal thought : Relies on assumption of human brains that may develop a thought that determines the definition or anything he/she knows about the political world. 3. Science : Uses expliicit methods that attempt to enable the different people to agree about what they know. The goal of using science in order to learn about politics is that it answers the facts what, why, and how questions about politics. Political science is composed from some subfields that are usually defined by their specific subject matter, rather than by their mode of analysis. The four subfields of political knowledge are: 1. Comparative politics : Focuses on similarities and difference in political processes and structures. 2. International relations : Focuses on the political relations between countries, the behavior of transnational actors, and the dynamics happenting...
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...The value we place onto a politician's private life has a direct relationship towards the way he governs his office. As a society, we're so not in touch with politics that the only time we know of a politician's way about, is when he has been caught "having fun." Our politician's private life is more important to some of us than the constitution that governs our lives. For some reason, we seem to pay more attention to the media when the issue that is being discussed involves a politician being caught having an affair than when it involves politics. We are imperfect beings having a loving experience; the result of our relationship will depends on how we balance our imperfection with our values. What we do in our private lives are our business. Yes, I understand why some people maybe concern with politicians' private lives. To some degree, they do have a responsibility to comport themselves in a manner that shows leadership. After all, kids are forever using them as examples, their social image to some extent characterize the society they represent. However, it's as equally unjustified for the media to project on the TV screen a politician's private life. If Malia fell while climbing up the presidential helicopter, I don't wish to know about this. If the 7 years old Sasha had a confrontation in school with her peer, the media shouldn't inform us about it. Those are private issues that should be dealt privately. If we the American people are the first to know about a private...
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...related materials in the text. Be sure to use complete sentences. 1. Define government and politics. Compare these two terms and cite examples of each. Explain how the two terms are distinct but related to each other. · Government is the people who run the country. Politics is the process followed by the leaders of political groups who rule the country. Government implements the policies of the lands, such as with the judicial branch to enforce the laws, the legislative branch to create the laws, and the executive branch to perform national security duties. And politics are the tool utilized by the government. They both utilize political science which is the study of government and politics. While they both perform and aid the same basic function of running the country, politics is just the process while the government is the actual facility performing the tasks. 2. What is anarchy? Can anarchy ever a viable alternative to government, in your opinion? Why or why not? · Anarchy is living in a state of lawlessness. I believe it cannot, because humans do not function correctly without some type of structure. Without structure there will be total chaos. Murders and other unmentionable crimes will occur with no repercussions being put into place. 3. What are the three main levels of government in the U.S.? Which level is the most powerful? Which level is the most important, in your opinion? Defend your answer. · Federal is the level that runs the whole country, they...
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...Complex Interdependence In 1970s, a new perspective known as transnational relations arose to question realism key assumptions of state as main and the only actor of world politics. This theory gave a new analytical framework to understand the international relations which was contrary to the state centric paradigm of realism. With complex interdependence as its central concept, this theoretical analysis advanced “synthesis of liberal + realist perspectives by constructing a way of looking at world politics and also the idea of institutionalism to foster cooperation”. It is asked how under conditions of complex interdependence world politics would be different than under realist conditions means this analysis ask to see “ what realism overlooked”. The phenomenon of Interdependence is not new; states have always been interdependent on each other for their economic functions and especially for security purposes. We have seen the complicated interdependence among states in the alliance system to achieve their political ends before First World War. The earliest example of interdependence comes from Norman Angell’s “The great illusion (1910) when he said the economic interdependence will minimize the occurrence of war on the basis of cost-benefit analysis.” Countries are dependent on each other for trade and transaction, they interact globally e.g. flow of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries but all transactions among countries are not characterized by...
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...results in A. | The most profit. | B. | Better utilization of the organization's resources. | C. | More projects. | D. | A larger and more diverse organization. | E. | Stronger core competencies. | | 3. | Which of the following is NOT true about organizational politics? A. | Project managers should not engage in organizational politics | B. | Politics can have a significant influence on which projects receive funding | C. | Politics exist in every organization | D. | Politics can influence project selection | E. | Politics can play a role in the aspirations behind projects | . | 4. | Which of the following terms is often used to denote a project that a powerful, high-ranking official is advocating? A. | Sacred cow | B. | Pet project | C. | Political necessity | D. | Special undertaking | E. | Strategic ploy | | 5. | Why do project managers need to understand their organization's mission and strategy? A. | To reduce project duration and increase the number of projects implemented | B. | So they can make appropriate decisions and adjustments and be effective project advocates | C. | It is only important for senior management to understand the organization's mission and strategy | D. | To get their job done and increase opportunities for promotion | E. | So that they can make sure the customer is satisfied | |...
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...communication, power and politics in organizations Introduction Organizations establishment function to fulfill needs of the people. In today’s competitive and yet challenging world, the organizations have to be growth-oriented. Organizations are composed of number of individuals working independently or in teams, and number of such teams makes a department and number of such departments makes an organization. It is a formal structure and all departments have to function in a coordinated manner to achieve the organizational objective [1]. The organization's base rests on management's philosophy, values, vision and goals. This in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. The culture determines the type of leadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. The workers perceive this as the quality of work life which directs their degree of motivation. The final outcomes are performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to build the model or framework that the organization operates from. Perceived Behavioral Control is the individual’s belief concerning how easy or difficult performing the behavior will be. Pertaining to that matter, perception plays a key part in the organization behavior. Thus, factors such as the efficient of communication, use of power authority and empowerment of the politics within organizations...
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...The two presentations that I reviewed for Unit 9 are Tucker Cooper’s presentation on Politics in the Fire Service and Jerry MacArthur’s presentation on Friends in High Places. In Tucker’s presentation he goes into detail about the article “Firefighters Feel the Squeeze of Shrinking Budgets” in which the author Jonathan Walters focuses on the effects of budget cuts. The presentation highlights the San Jose Fire Department and Jacksonville Fire Department. Both departments had been affected by negative political situations and resulted in employment cuts. Jerry’s presentation focused on the article he found titled “Why Firefighters Need to Be Involved”. This author talks about the effects of being active in politics and why firefighters should get to know elected officials. Jerry also focuses on how the University Fire Department is present in their political arena. When comparing the two presentations side by side I found that Tucker’s article was focused on the effects of political decisions; while Jerry’s article focused on the importance of expressing your organization’s concerns to affect political decisions. It is clear through Tucker’s presentation that firefighters are affected by politics positively or negatively. Either firefighter...
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...it evident why the topic is interesting and important to generalist and specialist audiences.Does it draw the reader’s interest? How could it be improved? | Positive * Hook introduces the topic in a great way, by analyzing a healthy government, and introducing the topic of how, to succeed it needs the help of the people who vote them in. Improvements * The author could give an example of a regime that turned on its people, (Syria) and thus lead to the overthrowing of the government (Arab spring) to further relate to the reader and gain its interest. | Introduction: Thesis StatementIs the thesis statement easy to identify? E.g. “This essay argues…” Is it clear? Does it make sense? How could it be made clearer and more easily identifiable? | Positive * The thesis is clear and makes sense “this essay will argue that societal politics are derived from the motivations of the middle class as it pertains to the state flourishing” Improvements * The factors that relate to this topic could be further addressed in a few words. What are these economic needs? Etc.… | Introduction: RoadmapDoes the roadmap state how the paper will prove the thesis statement in several parts? E.g. “This paper is organized into X sections. In the first part it argues A. In the second part, it details B. In the final section it reveals C.”The roadmap should use two complete sentences for every section and should state the major point that will be made rather than vaguely referencing what will be discussed...
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...Sexism in the Political Arena: How Gender Alters Political Representation Sarah Moore University of Pittsburgh Abstract: This paper explores the topics of sexism in politics- more specifically, how the underrepresentation of women has resulted both from differences in the genders (internal/psychological variances), and also circumstances that exist in the current political climate. It is important to note that there are two different sources of this problem, if not more. Internal characteristics that lead to the underrepresentation of women include how they perceive their environment compared to men, the fact that women believe they are less qualified than men, and that they are less competitive in a political environment than their male counterparts. In the external sphere, this paper examines how the facts that women partake in more household activities than their male spouses do and that they are less likely to receive political nominations from any of their peers affects their likelihood of campaigning for office. Sexism in the Political Arena: How Gender Alters Political Representation Since the birth of the American political system in 1789, the question of representation has always been one of the most significant topics in political discourse. This According to Gail Baitinger, Jennifer Lawless, and Richard Fox, “when the 111th Congress convened in January 2009, 83% of its members were men. Men occupy the governor’s...
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...Essay on George Orwell Political or Lexical Reasoning Could Eric Arthur Blair, A.K.A. George Orwell, have used Lexical instead of Political as his underlying reasoning for the general collapse and degradation of modern English writing? I believe he could have based on four reasons. First, here are simpler reasons than those perceived by Orwell as responsible for the ugliness as he describes in “Politics and the English Language.” (1-2) Secondly, there is other, more pedestrian reasoning than the four mentioned in Orwell’s “Why I Write,” (2-3) which are: sheer egoism, aesthetic enthusiasm, historical impulse, and Political purpose (1-2). And finally, after research into his past and getting only a small glimpse into the trials and hardships he had to deal with, compounded with poor health since childhood, I believe his views pertaining to writing were largely shaped by these ordeals (Stevens 9-11). After reading the assigned work by George Orwell, and other samples of his work, I have come to ascertain that there are simpler reasons than those proposed by him “Why I Write,” for the general collapse of modern writing. Writing this essay for example, is not an easy undertaking, but I have available to me technology that while useful, may contribute to lazy writing. I am thankful for modern devices of today’s technology. I couldn’t fathom writing this by hand and all the mistakes and backtracked thoughts would certainly consume large amounts of paper or extra notebooks...
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