...and the United Nations. Street address: ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland +41-22 730 0111 +41-22 733 4439 itcreg@intracen.org http://www.intracen.org Postal address: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: Internet: HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs Geneva 2009 ii ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES 2009 F-04.03 HOW INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE (ITC) How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs Geneva: ITC, 2009. x, 135 p. Guide dealing with the processes involved in obtaining finance for exporting SMEs – explains the credit process of financial institutions from pre-application to loan repayment; examines the SME sector and barriers to finance, as well as the risks in lending to the SME sector as perceived by financial institutions; addresses SMEs’ internal assessment of financial needs, determining the right financing instruments, and finding the appropriate lenders and service providers; discusses how to approach and negotiate with banks; tackles cash flow and risk management issues; includes examples of real-life business plans and loan requests; includes bibliography (p. 134). Descriptors: Trade Financing, Export Financing, Export Credit, Risk Management, SMEs, Manuals. English ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion...
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...INTERSHIP REPORT ON MCB BANK LIMITED U.P MORE BRANCH KARACHI BY MISBAH NOOR M.COM (FINANCE) DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE JINNAH UNIVERSITY OF WOMEN 12TH SEP, 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All praise to Allah, the Beneficent, the merciful, and respect for His Prophet “Peace Be upon Him” who made us recognize our creator. I am also thankful to all the staff members of MCB who provided me a friendly and knowledgeable environment through which I have learned a lot. DEDICATION | My all internship work is dedicated to all the staff members of MCB U.P MORE BRANCH (1421) Karachi. * Shahvaiz Siddiqui (Operation Manager) * Farhana Ansari (Supervisor) * Mohsin Saleem, Shazia Asif, Mohammad Muslim (General banking officer) * Shoaib Damri (Clearing) * Saad. Faraz (Customer Service Officer) They are too much supportive and teach me how to learn a practical life. They always give me different tasks which bring more knowledge to me and guide me how to accomplish these tasks. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MCB bank limited has a solid foundation over 60 years in Pakistan with a network of over 1150 branches over 850 of which are automated branches, over 350 MCB ATMs in 41 cities nationwide and a network of over 12 bank on the MNET ATM switch. MCB operation continued to be streamlined with focus on rationalization of expenses, re-alignment of back-end processing to increase productivity, enhancement of customer service standard, process efficiency and...
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...widespread environmental degradation and the destruction of tropical rainforests that have the highest concentration of endemic species in the world. Indonesia produced 420,000 metric tons of coffee in 2007. Of this total, 271,000 tons were exported and 148,000 tons were consumed domestically. Of the exports, 25% are Coffea arabica and the balance is Coffea canephora.[1] In general, Indonesia’s Arabica coffees have low acidity and strong body, which makes them ideal for blending with higher acidity coffees from Central America and East Africa. Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 Origins 2 Cultivation 3 Sumatra, Mandheling, Lintong and Gayo 4 Sulawesi, Toraja, Kalosi, Mamasa and Gowa 5 Java 6 Bali 7 Sumbawa 8 Flores 9 Papua 10 Harvesting and processing 11 Coffee research 12 Coffee associations 13 Current status of the industry 14 Coffea canephora 15 See also 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External links History[edit] Coffee plantation in Dutch East...
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...of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1999, Page 85. Total 10631500 0 Sex and Age-based Structure of the Population (Table-2) shows that like the male population of the country, the women represent a vast resource for the country. They must be provided equal opportunity in education, employment and economic activities, only then this resource could be utilised properly. Table -2 Sex and Age-based Structure of the Population 1996 Age-base Group Total Population (%) Male Population (%) Female Population (%) 10-14 Years 12.6 12.52 11.58 15-19 Years 8.52 8.41 8.65 20-24 Years 8.40 7.60 9.25 25-29 Years 6.10 7.92 9.11 30-34 Years 4.25 6.10 6.10 35-39 Years 3.25 5.87 5.14 40-44 Years 2.89 4.40 4.09 Source: Statistical Pocketbook, Bangla desh ’99, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1999, Page 124. The educational status of the women in Bangladesh shows that the women are being increasingly educated. Though the literacy rate of the women remains in average nearly 10 percent point behind their male citizen, as a least development country it must be rated as encouraging (Table – 3). The country should provide...
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...FIRST DRAFT RISE OF READYMADE GARMENTS INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH: ENTREPRENEURIAL INGENUITY OR PUBLIC POLICY by MOHAMMED ALI RASHID Professor of Economics North South University Paper presented at the Workshop on Governance and Development organized by the World Bank and BIDS at Dhaka on 11-12 November 2006 I. INTRODUCTION The 100 percent export-oriented readymade garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh has witnessed remarkable growth since its inception in the late 1970s. Paradoxically, this flagship industry of Bangladeshi private entrepreneurial talent took roots through the first export consignment of shirts from Bangladesh made by the state-trading agency, the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB), in the mid-1970s under countertrade arrangements and the destination was some East European countries. Subsequently, however, private entrepreneurs entered the industry and phenomenal growth took place in RMG exports from Bangladesh. Export of RMG increased from US $40 thousand in 1978 –79 to US $6.4 billion in 2004-05. The industry has also provided employment to nearly 2 million workers, most of them women drawn from the rural areas. Explosive growth of RMG exports is of course not unique to Bangladesh. The annual compound growth rate of RMG export industries in Indonesia (31.2%), Mauritius (23.8%), and Dominican Republic (21.1%) compares favourably with that of Bangladesh 1 (81.3%) over the 1980-87 period . However, while initial conditions were favourable for export...
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...work. We are sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to the project. We are highly indebted to our professors, Dr. Praveen Goyal and Dr. Leela Rani, who gave us the opportunity, guidance, constant supervision and support in completing the project. We would like to express our gratitude towards BITS Pilani for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped us in completion of this project. GV Hemanth Kumar G Visruth Reddy Sourav Mukherjee Abhinav Chitre Pinky Saini Contents INTRODUCTION 3 PORTFOLIO OF SL PACKAGING PVT LTD. 4 POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT 6 Political Environment and risks in Australia: 6 Political Environment and risks in South Africa: 6 UNITED STATES 10 CULTURE 12 UNITED STATES: 12 AUSTRALIA: 12 SOUTH AFRICA: 13 HOFSTEDE ANALYSIS: 13 ENTRY STRATEGIES 16 SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES 20 MARKETING STRATEGY 21 FOREX ISSUES 28 CONCLUSION: 30 REFERENCES 30 INTRODUCTION The jute trade happens around Bangladesh and the Indian State of West Bengal. The region around...
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...International Trade Theory Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: The Ecuadorian Rose Industry INTRODUCTION AN OVERVIEW OF TRADE THEORY The Benefits of Trade The Pattern of International Trade Trade Theory and Government Policy MERCANTILISM Country Focus: Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation? ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE The Gains from Trade Qualifications and Assumptions Extensions of the Ricardian Model Country Focus: Moving U.S. White Collar Jobs Offshore HECKSCHER-OHLIN THEORY The Leontief Paradox THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE THEORY Evaluating the Product Life Cycle Theory NEW TRADE THEORY Increasing Product Variety and Reducing Costs Economies of Scale, First Mover Advantages and the Pattern of Trade Implications of New Trade Theory NATIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: PORTER’S DIAMOND Factor Endowments Demand Conditions Related and Supporting Industries Firm Strategy, Structure, Rivalry Evaluating Porter’s Theory Management Focus: The Rise of Finland’s Nokia FOCUS ON MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Location First-Mover Advantages Government Policy SUMMARY CRITICAL THINKING AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CLOSING CASE: Trade in Information Technology and U.S. Economic Growth Learning Objectives 1. Understand why nations trade with each other. 2. Be familiar with the...
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...Doing Business in Thailand: 2012 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2010. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • • • • • • • • • • Chapter 1: Doing Business In Thailand Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services 1 Return to table of contents Chapter 1: Doing Business In Thailand • • • • Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview • Return to top Thailand is the 27th largest export destination for the United States. Two-way trade in 2011 was about $35.75 billion, with $24.8 billion in Thai exports to the U.S. and $10.9 billion in U.S. exports to Thailand. The figures represent an increase of 12.9 percent in the value of trade between the two countries. U.S. exports to Thailand increased by 21.7 percent, while US imports from Thailand increased by about 9.4 percent for the same period in 2010. In Asia, Thailand ranks as the United States’ 10th largest export destination after China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. The Thai...
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...prevents… well, you know the rest of that one. Without a plan you will never succeed. If you happen to make it to the goal, it will have been by luck or chance and is not repeatable. You may make it as a flash-in-the-pan, an overnight sensation, but you will never have the track record of accomplishments of which success is made. Figure out what your goal is (or listen when your boss tells you). Then figure out the best way to get there. What resources do you have? What can you get? Compare strengths and weaknesses of individuals and other resources. Will putting four workers on a task that takes 14 hours cost less than renting a machine that can do the same task with one worker in 6 hours? If you change the first shift from an 8 AM start to a 10 AM start, can they handle the early evening rush so you don't have to hire an extra person for the second shift? Look at all the probable scenarios....
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...Jean-Guillaume DITTER, PhD Groupe ESC Dijon Bourgogne – Burgundy School of Business SUPPORT DOCUMENT I - CASE STUDIES The texts making-up this document review and emphasize significant issues covered during the sessions. The questions asked at the beginning of each set of texts are meant to help students identify the issues that they should pay attention to. Students will work in teams on one single case study (see class outline for number of students per team). Each team will produce a presentation slideshow of its case study (7-10 slides per presentation, depending on the size of the case). Slideshows will be presented orally during sessions, according to the class outline (1520mn per presentation). Each team member will actively participate in his/her team presentation. Page 1 of 35 012-IBE-CaseStudies.docx CONTENTS Case Study 1. Text 1. Text 2. Text 3. Case Study 2. Text 4. Case Study 3. Text 5. Text 6. Text 7. Case Study 4. Text 8. Text 9. Text 10. Text 11. Text 12. Text 13. Case Study 5. Text 14. Text 15. Text 16. Text 17. Text 18. Text 19. Case Study 6. Text 20. Text 21. Case Study 7. Text 22. Text 23. Text 24. Text 25. Chinese Mercantilism .................................................................................................... 3 Chinese New Year .......................................................................................................... 3 China: the spend is nigh ...............................................................................
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...Industry Analysis Oil Company Table of Contents I. Introduction and Background 3 II. Dominant Economic Characteristics 4 Market Size 4 Scope of Competitive Rivalry 5 Market Growth Rate 5 Numbers of Companies in the Industry 6 Customers 7 Degree of Vertical Integration 8 Easy of Entry/Exit 9 Technology/Innovation 9 Product Characteristics 10 Scale Economies 10 Experience Curve Effects 11 Capacity Utilization 11 Industry Profitability 11 III. Six Forces of Competition 11 Force 1: Buyer Bargaining Power 12 Force 2: The Threat of Substitutes 12 Force 3: Supplier Power 12 Force 4: Rivalry among Existing Firms 12 Force 5: The Threat of Entry 13 Force 6: Relative Power of Other Stakeholders 13 IV. Competitive Position of Major Companies and Competitor Analysis 14 Royal Dutch Shell 15 ExxonMobil 17 British Petroleum 19 Chevron 20 Total 22 ConocoPhillips 24 V. Key Success Factors 26 Oil Demand 26 Prices 26 Technological Advancements 27 Maintaining Partnerships 27 Industry Matrix 28 VI. Industry Prospects and Overall Attractiveness 28 Trends 28 Potential Threats 29 VII. Conclusion 29 References 31 I. Introduction and Background What is crude oil? Crude oil is a dark, sticky liquid which, scientifically speaking, is classified as a hydrocarbon. This means crude oil is a compound containing carbon and hydrogen, with or without non metallic elements such as oxygen and sulfur...
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...UNDERSTANDING NATURAL GAS MARKETS Table of Contents PREVIEW Overview ...................................................................... 2 The North American Natural Gas Marketplace ............... 4 Natural Gas Supply ....................................................... 8 Natural Gas Demand ................................................... 12 Natural Gas Exports .................................................... 15 How Natural Gas is Traded .......................................... 16 Conclusion: A New Era For U.S. Natural Gas Markets ... 20 Glossary ..................................................................... 20 References ................................................................. 23 Understanding Natural Gas Markets Overview Natural Gas is an Important Source of Energy for the United States. Natural gas is an attractive fuel because it is clean burning and efficient, and ample supplies of natural gas are available from domestic resources. Recently, natural gas production in the U.S. has increased substantially due to technological advancements in natural gas extraction methods. This increased production has displaced traditional supply sources and resulted in reduced prices for natural gas consumers. The prospect of ample natural gas supplies, continued low prices, and the favorable environmental and economic position of natural gas-fired electric generation plants are leading to expectations of growing U.S. demand for natural gas,...
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...Emirates 4 The formation of the United Arab Emirates 4 The Government of the United Arab Emirates 5 The United Arab Emirates Economy 5 Basic demographics 5 GDP trends 5 Oil and the UAE 6 Gas – the Dolphin project 6 Oil pipelines 6 Bunkering 6 Non-oil sector 6 Jebel Ali Port 7 Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA) 7 Transhipment 7 Air travel 7 Tourism 8 The property boom 8 Part II: The Market Environment 8 Characteristics of the UAE market 8 Investment environment 9 Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) 9 Foreign Trade 10 Australian bilateral relations 10 Australian business 10 Taxation 10 Legal environment 10 Tenders 11 Part III: Doing Business in the United Arab Emirates 11 Practical advice on entering the market 11 Where to get advice and help 11 Developing a strategy 12 Market research 12 Visiting the UAE 13 Visas 13 Time your visit well 13 Local holidays 13 Arriving in the UAE 13 Getting around 13 Visit programs 14 Hotels 14 Tips and tricks 14 Trade missions 15 Missions to Australia 15 Trade exhibitions 15 Health and safety 15 Personal behaviour 15 Import Procedures 15 Customs and regulatory environment 15 Documentation 16 Packaging and labelling 16 Agency representation 16 Professional services 17 Franchising 17 Review of options for representation in the UAE. 18 Major industry sectors in the United Arab Emirates 19 Oil and petrochemicals 19 Aluminium 19 Cement 19 General manufacturing 19 Building and construction 19 Water resources...
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...UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (SMEDA) Trade in Services: An answer book for small and medium-sized exporters Lahore, Pakistan: ITC/SMEDA, 2007. xiv, 196 p. Guide for small and medium-sized enterprises in the services sectors in Pakistan; provides practical advice to help them improve their export performance or enter new markets. Using a question and answer format, the topics covered include the decision to export, preparing for export, choice of market, identifying customers, selecting a strategy, cultural considerations, promotional materials, quality assurance, pricing, securing payment and temporary market entry. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the functions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are also described. National appendices include overviews of the services sector in Pakistan, Pakistan’s role in the WTO GATS negotiations, including Pakistan’s schedule of GATS commitments, key national laws and regulations of interest to services exporters, and a list of information resources for services exporters. Subject descriptors: Services, WTO, Multilateral trading system, Pakistan. English Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland 6th Floor LDA Plaza, Egerton Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan Trade in Services: An answer book for small and medium-sized exporters is a joint publication published by ITC and SMEDA based on a generic document edited by ITC. This joint publication was co-financed by...
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...loan against Warehouse Receipts | | Trading Opportunity | Investment Opportunity | Corporates | | Additional Advantage | * Can hedge by offsetting product exposure * Can hedge by parking only margin amount * Can buy goods without agents with Quality Assurance | | Spread Trading Opportunity | Arbitrage Opportunity | TABLE-1.1 Why Indian Commodity Exchange? India is essentially a commodity based economy constituting of Agriculture, Energy, Precious Metals and Base Metals. Couple of unique features / advantage seen in our exchanges, which is not seen elsewhere, are: 1. Timings: Our Trade timings are well matched with Global Market timings. 2. Number of commodities: Nowhere in the world more than 8 to 10 commodities are traded in a single exchange, but our exchanges are successfully managing over 40 commodities individually. Why Sharekhan? Superior & Consistant Research Performance of…. 1. Cutting Edge Analysis of Major Commodities 2. Relevent Analysis of Market News & Information 3. Sound Technical Analysis for Short Term Trends 4. Special Reports such as… * Hedge Solutions: To offset Product Exposure * Investments: To Build & Diversify Portfolio * Trading: To take Advantage of Rising/Deckling Trend * Spread Trading: To take advantage of price difference between 2 contracts (Near & Far Month) * Arbitrage Opportunity: Inter Exchange & Spot-Future | Other Key Benefits...
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