women meeting the 12 Metabolic Equivalent Test (MET) recommendation was lower than the results of their male counterparts (Jahnke, 2014). When utilizing varying degrees of body composition, the women showed more positive amounts of healthy body composition and a higher percentage of favorable body composition, based on Body Mass Index (BMI) than the male firefighters. (Jahnke, 2014).
Union participation
In this research, the author examines the movement of persons in and out of the union to try and determine if the changing diversity is due to behavior or structure Zullo R., (2012). Over the 11 years, membership in U.S. labor unions became demographically more diverse. For women, the gain in the past decade is largely explained by structural …show more content…
The last two decades alone have seen an increase in women’s involvement and presence in higher level positions within the science, engineering and technology fields. While the number of participants have grown, the numbers of SET women that are staying and growing within the executive positons remain narrow. Research has found that women continue to be significantly under-represented in higher levels of management in the SET sectors and experience lower retention rates than their male colleagues. Some factors that hinder the retention and advancement of women in management positions include long hours and high levels of work demand. The author’s research identified three related aspects that affect how to retain women in SET careers and growth of gifted. These include a corporate culture that disregards women, isolation and the extreme nature of many of the jobs in these fields which have led to adopt to coping with management. The study found that women have been unsupported and have been shaped by behaviors and a process of professionalization in which women feel excluded. Women across the SET sectors report experiencing a variety of demeaning and predatory behaviors in the workplace, including: sexual harassment, being regarded as incompetent , an unfairness in their employee reviews and receiving unwanted attention due to their appearance. The sexual harassment is widespread throughout the various career fields with over one half of all respondents of the survey experiencing sexual harassment while on the job. The women have also experienced a gender bias in performance evaluations regardless of the field. Across all three of the SET sectors women also noted that hostile and predatory behavior seemed prevalent at the executive level. SET women recognize early in their careers that professional