...The 15th amendment, CG, indigenous people, and related issues→ M. Serajul Islam The 15th amendment was inevitable because of the abolition of the 5th and 7th amendments by the Court. However, the Parliamentary Committee that was set up to deal with the Court's rulings extended its terms of reference beyond the rulings and delved into issues and areas that had already divided the nation, for instance the issue of the caretaker government. Interestingly, the day before the Committee placed the draft of the 15th amendment before Parliament; its Co-Chairman stated in the media that it would not make any recommendation on the CG. Lo and behold, the abolition of the CG was the number one recommendation of the Committee that did not enhance its credibility to the public. The 15th amendment has also created controversy with regard to the people of our hill districts. Recently, on the occasion of World Indigenous People's Day, a few comments of the leaders of our hill tribes attracted my attention. One of them said on TV that the people of the hill tracts should be "grateful" to those who drafted the 15th amendment for "upgrading" their status from an "upajati" (sub-nation) to full "jati" (nation) by legally making them Bangalis from their hitherto status as Chakmas and members of other hill tribes of the country. The tone of sarcasm and sadness in his words did not escape viewers' attention. Another tribal leader who was interviewed on the same issue said that regrettably when...
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...Fifteenth amendment Of Bangladesh Constitution FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT THE LAST AMENDMENT 15th Amendment: The Parliament of Bangladesh, the Jatiya Shangsad passed the constitution 15th amendment bill 2011 on 30 June 2011 at amend it s constitution under which the caretaker government system for holding general election was scrapped. The bill which contains 15 proposals was passed by the division vote with a majority of 291-1.However amendments moved by ruling alliance opposing Islam as the state of religion and religion based politics were rejected. Islam has been retained as the state religion along -with Bismillahi-ar-rahmanir-rahim. Eleventh Amendment Salient feature of Fifteenth Amendment, Highlight of Fifteenth amendment: salient feature of the 15 amendment of the constitution passed by the parliament. *Caretaker government system abolish.*Election to be held under incumbent cabinet Islam as state religion and Bismillahi-Ar-Rahmanir-Rahim retained.*Revival of article 12 to restore secularism and freedom of religion.*the people of Bangladeshshall be known as bangles as nation and citizens of Bangladesh shall be known asBangladeshi.*Inserted article 7a and 7b in the constitution after the article 7 in a bid to end take over of power through extra-constitutional means.*Basic provision of the constitution are amendable. Twelfth amendment *In case of dissolution parliament by any reason election be held within 90 days of such dissolution. Increasing the number...
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...In the words of Justice Holmes, “a page of history is worth a volume of logic”. The history of Bangladesh is epoch-making in the sense that it is a saga of bloodshed, tears and sacrifices of millions of people. Since its independence, Bangladesh is a democratic People’s Republic and it is the mandate of the people that it is only the Constitution itself is the solemn expression of the people’s will and no other laws. But it is the irony of the nation’s fate that since the adoption of the Constitution, it has undergone so many amendments that it hardly has its original spirit, the spirit which motivated the Drafters to draft the First Constitution of Bangladesh after its glorious birth through a long liberation struggle. An unenviable feature of the 'constitutional development' of Bangladesh is that it had to withstand two extra-constitutional, i.e., Martial Law, regimes. Later on the Fifth and the Seventh Amendments to the Constitution validated the Martial Law regimes, which raise a series of questions concerning their legality, both substantive and procedural. Can Parliament validate anything, which is otherwise invalid from its very beginning? Can a Martial Law Proclamation amend any provision of the Constitution and can the Parliament give legal coverage to that amendment? Can Parliament amend any provision of the Constitution which is considered as a basic structure of the Constitution? All these questions have been in the discussion for long 30 years....
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...An assignment on 15th amendment of the Bangladesh constitution. The 15th amendment of the Bangladesh constitution is perhaps the most debatable one in the post democratic era that follows the 1990 public upsurge against autocracy. The often pronounced justifications offered for this amendment is the ‘needs’ for returning to the spirit and contents of the founding constitution of 1972 of Bangladesh. Yet the 15th amendment rather accommodates some of the changes brought out by the 5th and 7th amendments, both made by the Martial Law regime and recently declared illegal and unconstitutional by the apex court of the country. 15th amendment, like most of the previous amendments, also largely failed to reflect comparative constitutional studies. Such study is considered essential for learning the experiences of constitutionalism in relevant jurisprudences and borrowing or adapting them in amending a nation’s own constitution. Although the 1972 constitution of Bangladesh was indigenous in part, the 1972 Constituent Assembly (led by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman) enriched our constitution by the same process of borrowing and/or adapting from models and concepts of foreign constitutions. For example: collective responsibility of ministers to Parliament and functions of parliamentary committees were taken from UK system, the concept of fundamental principle of state policy from India and Ireland, the provisions of human rights and Judicial review from US constitutional jurisprudence...
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...15th Amendment of Bangladesh Salient features of 15th amendment of Constitution UNB, Dhaka Salient features of the 15th amendment of the Constitution passed by parliament Thursday. 1. Caretaker system abolished 2. Elections to be held under incumbent cabinet 3. Islam as State religion and ‘Bismillah-Ar-Rahman-Ar-Rahim’ retained 4. Revival of Article 12 to restore Secularism and freedom of religion 5. The people of Bangladesh shall be known as Bangalees as a nation and citizens of Bangladesh shall be known as Bangladeshis 6. Inserted articles 7A and 7B in the Constitution after Article 7 in a bid to end takeover of power through extra-constitutional means 7. Basic provisions of the constitution are not amendable 8. In the case of a dissolution Parliament by any reason, election should be held within 90 days of such dissolution 9. Increasing the number of women reserve seats to 50 from existing 45. 10. The Supreme Command of the defense services shall vest in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law. 11. The Chief Justice shall be appointed by the President, and the other judges shall be appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice. 12. The portrait of the Father of the nation Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman shall be preserved and display at the offices of the President, the Prime Minister, the Speaker, and the Chief Justice and in head and branch offices of all government and semi-government offices, autonomous bodies...
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...BARTER AGREEMENT 14.11.2015 This Agreement that consists of 3 (Three) pages is made on the 14th day of November 12, 2015 1st Party: Dhaka FM Limited, a private FM radio station in Bangladesh having its registered office at Navana Tower (15th Floor), 45 Gulshan South, Circle-01, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh (hereinafter called the “1st Party” which expression, unless repugnant to the context shall include its successors-in-interest, assignees, nominees, Administrators, officers & legal representatives) of the ONE PART. AND 2nd Party: Comilla Victorians, a Cricket Club and participant of Bangladesh Premier League – BPL T20, 2015 having its registered office ……………, Dhaka, Bangladesh (hereinafter called the “2nd Party” which expression, unless repugnant to the context shall include its successors-in-interest, assignees, nominees, administrators, officers and legal representatives) of the OTHER PART. (Hereinafter collectively referred to as ‘Parties’ and individually as ‘Party’) WHEREAS the 1st Party is engaged in the business of broadcasting under the name and style of Dhaka FM 90.4, and will be a Radio Partner of Comilla Victorians for upcoming Bangladesh Premiere League T20, 2015 AND WHEREAS the 2nd Party is engaged in Sports and going to participate in Bangladesh Premiere Cricket League (BPL) 2015 under the name and style of Comilla Victorians NOW, THEREFORE THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSES as follows, (A)GENERAL TERMS & CONDITIONS: That in consideration...
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...The constitution of Bangladesh has so far been amended sixteen times. These amendments and and numerous proclamation orders have been responsible for bringing in profound changes in the original character of the document. The first, second, third and fourth amendments were made by AWAMI league government of seikh mujibur rahaman, the fifth through martial law regulations and the Bangladesh national party, sixth by BNP, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th by JATIYA party, 11th, 12th, 13 and 14th by BNP. The 15TH and 16th amended by AWAMI league. The major amendments are as follow: First Amendment The Constitution (First Amendment) Act 1973 was passed on 15 July 1973. It amended Article 47 of the Constitution by inserting an additional clause which allowed prosecution and punishment of any person accused of 'genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes and other crimes under international law'. A new Article 47A was also inserted, making certain fundamental rights inapplicable in those cases. Second Amendment The Constitution (Second Amendment) Act 1973 was passed on 22 September 1973. This act: amended Articles 26, 63, 72 and 142 of the Constitution; replaced Article 33; and inserted a new part (Part IXA). Provision was made through this amendment for the suspension of certain fundamental rights of citizens during an emergency. Third Amendment The Constitution (Third Amendment) Act 1974 was enacted on 28 November 1974. This amendment altered Article 2 of the Constitution to...
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...The report was unveiled by eminent educationist and former vice chancellor of jahangirnagar university professor Zillur Rahman Siddiqui. Executive summary: Despite strengthening solidarity and unity among indigenous peoples and civic groups of mainstream Bengali population with strong media support, the indigenous people in Bangladesh passed 2011 amidst numerous victims facing gross abuses of human rights without access to justice. The perpetrators, irrespective of state and non state actors, enjoyed with full impunity. Land dispossession of the indigenous peoples and massive communal attack on them in order to occupy their land continues unabated. Constitutional recognition of indigenous peoples and implementations of CHT accord of 1997 remain unfulfilled, due to continuous following of policy neglect by government of...
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...| | | | | | |Assignment on: | |CHT CONFLICT AND PEACE PROCESS | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |DHAKA CITY COLLEGE ...
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...CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organization of South Asian nations, which was established on 8 December 1985 when the government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka formally adopted its charter providing for the promotion of economic and social progress, cultural development within the South Asia region and also for friendship and co-operation with other developing countries. It is dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasising collective self-reliance. Its seven founding members are Sri Lanka, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Afghanistan joined the organization in 2007. Meetings of heads of state are usually scheduled annually; meetings of foreign secretaries, twice annually. It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. The combined economy of SAARC is the 3rd largest in the world in the terms of GDP (PPP) after the United States and China and 5th largest in the terms of nominal GDP. SAARC nations comprise 3% of the world's area and contain 21% (around 1.7 billion) of the world's total population and around 9.12% of Global economy as of 2015. SAARC also home to world's 3rd & 7th largest Economy of world in GPP(PPP) &...
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...Bank Limited (UCBL) is a Bangladesh based private commercial bank that provides banking services. The services include corporate and retail banking, loans, credit cards, online banking and money transfer services. The bank operates in Bangladesh having its headquarter in Gulshan, Dhaka. UCBL has its firm commitment towards the society for the economic development of the country. Their position is 6th among the 52 banks which include 10 specialized banks, 9 foreign banks and 30 private banks. So the bank has already become a significant part of our economy by serving its clients through their personalized service, innovative practices, dynamic approach and efficient Management. At present, UCBL is aiming to play a leading role in the economic activities of the country, planning to establish more sustainable business relations with large corporate groups and overcome all its deficiencies and give their competitors an edge. 1.1 History United Commercial Bank Limited (UCBL) is considered as one of the first generation bank of Bangladesh. It was incorporated on 26th June 1983 as a public company with limited liability under the Companies Act 1993. It obtained permission to start business from 26 June 1983 and started banking operations on 29th June 1983 with an authorized capital of Tk. 100 million divided into 1 million ordinary shares of Tk. 100 each. 1.2 Vision of the UCBL To hold the position of best private commercial Bank in Bangladesh with adherence to meticulous...
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...reduction or elimination to businesses. Tax holidays are often used to reduce sales taxes by local governments, but they are also commonly used by governments in developing countries to help stimulate foreign investment. If, in the midst of sorting receipts and studying the latest changes in the US income tax laws, you suddenly wonder "What is the origin of this annual ritual in the weeks leading up to April 15th?" here are some places you can go for answers. The origin of the income tax on individuals is generally cited as the passage of the 16th Amendment, passed by Congress on July 2, 1909, and ratified February 3, 1913; however, its history actually goes back even further. During the Civil War Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1861 which included a tax on personal incomes to help pay war expenses. The tax was repealed ten years later. However, in 1894 Congress enacted a flat rate Federal income tax, which was ruled unconstitutional the following year by the U.S. Supreme Court because it was a direct tax not apportioned according to the population of each state. The 16th amendment, ratified in 1913, removed this objection by allowing the Federal government to tax the income of individuals without regard to the population of each...
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...theoretical knowledge will be little important unless it is applicable in the practical life. So we need proper important unless it is applicable in the practical life. So we need proper application of our knowledge to get some benefit from our theoretical knowledge to make it more fruitful. When we engage ourselves in such field to make proper use of our knowledge in our practical life only, then we come to know about the benefit of the theoretical knowledge. This report is on a study of the General Banking” of Shahjalal Islami Bank Ltd. Uttara Branch. Sahajalal Islami Bank Limited is a private commercial bank, which is 6th Islamic Shariah based bank in Bangladesh. The Bank started its operation on 10th May 2001, during this period it could improve its image in the society as an Islamic Bank. Now it has 26 branches in Bangladesh. All branches are situated in the highly demanded areas. As a new bank, Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited has been competing with other private banks where all the banks are adopting different incentive programs to attract the customers. Accordingly, SJIBL is offering different type of deposit scheme bearing highest rate of return. Mudarabah Deposit Scheme, Monthly income scheme and Millionaire scheme, Double Benefit Scheme are the most popular offers that are completely new innovation in the banking sector and widely accepted by the clients. With crumble down of the world economy caused by nine eleven attack. It is observed that the competition becomes intensive...
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...approved amendments to tax treaties with other countries, including India. This makes easier access for India, to collect information about the illegal funds held by the Indian nationals in Swiss private banks. The Swiss parliament endorsed amendments to double-taxation agreements (DTAAs) in line with internationally applicable standards. The beneficiaries from the new amendments include India, Germany, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, Greece, Turkey, Uruguay, Kazakhstan, and Poland. French Nationals to Sue Sarkozy over Crimes in Libya Two French lawyers have said that they are planning to sue French President Nicolas Sarkozy against the Humanity crimes over the military campaign in Libya that was led by NATO. Jacques Verges and Roland Dumas two of the French lawyers have decided to represent the families of the victims during the military campaign. Constitution (15th Amendment) Bill, 2011 passed in Bangladesh The Parliament of Bangladesh, the Jatiyo Sangsad, passed the Constitution (15th Amendment) Bill, 2011 on 30 June 2011 to amend its constitution under which the caretaker government system for holding general elections was scrapped. The bill which contained 15 proposals was passed by division vote with a majority of 291-1. However, amendments moved by ruling alliance opposing Islam as the state religion and religion-based politics were rejected. Islam has been retained as the state religion alongwith Bismillahi-Ar-Rahman- Ar-Rahim.The Constitutional amendments incorporate...
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...goods being shipped. This is the most secure method of payment for the exporters and consequently the least attractive for importers. On the other hand, open account is the least secure method of payment for the exporters. But it is the most attractive method for the importers. Documentary collection is more secure method for an exporter than open account trading, as the exporter’s documents are sent from the exporter’s bank to the importer’s bank. However, among all the mentioned methods, documentary credit method distributes risks in most balanced way in which both importers and exporters are almost equally protected. Letter of Credit (L/C) or the Documentary Letter of Credit is the most popular international trade payment method in Bangladesh, which covers the issues like potential risk that the parties in international trade namely the importers and exporters wish to face or share between them. Choudhury and Habib (2006) noted that Documentary Credit method distributes risks in most balanced way in which both exporters and importers are almost equally protected. They indicated the Documentary Credit process as “the life blood of international commerce” that is governed by a widely recognized and popular guiding framework of...
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