...Gender inequality is present in any given society, whether it is in a 16h century society or the 21st, human interactions are guided by gender. As seen in the 16th century play, Othello, women have lower social status than men causing them to be treated with less respect. Today, even though the world has made progress, women face similar problems to women 400 years ago, as women still suffer the wrath of being inferior to men. William Shakespeare play, Othello reveals that in in Venetian society men are superior to women guiding the interactions of characters. However, Shakespeare argues men are no different than women as he questions the legitimacy of gender inequality that guides interaction between people can be extended and applied...
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...William Shakespeare is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the English language. He wrote almost forty plays in a span of twenty-five years; however, he was persistent in what exactly he wrote about. When one thinks of Shakespeare, he or she thinks of tragedies, histories, and comedies, for those were the only themes he based his works from. In his comedies, particularly Twelfth Night, he uses cross-dressing and gender norms as humorous devices. Although his humor was appropriate at the time in which he wrote it, times have drastically changed since then. It's not uncommon for someone to get easily offended today, especially if the affair stems from gender. Twelfth Night is unacceptable for 21st-century audiences for numerous...
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...DBQ The scientific revolution started in the 16th century after the Renaissance era. The Renaissance means “rebirth” and during this time in the 14th and 16th century, a lot of people made observations and questioned their beliefs, and it opened up a window to mathematics, science, and the natural world. This took place in Europe mainly northern Italy which influenced the Scientific Revolution. Scientist developed new technology and theories, based on observation, and the natural world. Although scientists faced hardship in terms of government opposition, religious disagreement, and gender stereotype, Scientist created great advances in the 16th and 17th centuries. The government opposition, mainly monarchies in...
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...Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was very prone to changes and reformation in religion, exploration, and an overall outlook on life. Along with these changes, different opinions about government and leadership took place as well. The Protestant Reformation occurred during Queen Elizabeth I’s reign. It converted Elizabeth along with other English citizens to different branches of Protestantism, creating controversy and allowing people to denounce Elizabeth for not only her gender, but now also for her religion. The Reformation made Elizabeth an easy target for criticism because it gave more reasons for people to be opposed to her. The ideas put towards Elizabeth were mainly judgmental and critical mainly because not only was she was a...
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...How has the concept of childhood changed though history? Children have been apart of history as long as human beings have existed, however Prior to modern day notion of childhood, Children and childhood appears to be something that traditional historians have never considered, one of the many reasons that became of interest was due to the idea that childhood was a social construction. However the traditional view for a long time is that children were essentially little adults and the most famous proponent of this theory was a French historian named Philippe Aries he wrote a controversial book called the centuries of childhood. His view was that the crucial point in the construction or invention of childhood is something that happened, especially in the 18th and the early nineteenth century, however since 1985 and 1990 there have been a vast amount of theories which have criticised Aries concepts on childhood. Aries tapped into a common belief about the middle ages, which is if the Middle Ages generally was different than it must have been different in terms of children too, so they must not have loved their children and they must not have taken good care of them. Thus taking us to the centre of the argument, being that people in the middle ages and early modern Europe had a lot of children as a sort of self defence mechanism to not invest as much in their children because they knew that half of their children would die before they reached adolescents or adulthood . For...
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...THEIR OWN SOCIETY, THE AMISH Monday, August 06, 2012 Outline Introduction/Thesis: The Amish is an emerging agriculturalist society that can be traced back to the 16th century Protestant Reformation that happened in Europe. In this paper I plan on giving a brief history of how they came to be, along with showing the kinship, social organizations, and gender relationships of this society. I. Brief history 1. Protestant Reformation 2. Follows of Jakob Ammann II. Kinship 1. Network of extend families 2. Elderly III. Social organizations 1. Church 2. Settlements IV. Gender relationships 1. Males role 2. Females role Conclusion/Closing: References Andelson, J.G. (2011). An Amish paradox: Diversity and change in the world’s largest Amish community. Anthropological Quarterly, 84, 559-564. From EBSCOhost Boulding Elise, Ph.D., (1920 – 2010) Peaceful Societies Alternatives to Violence and War Retrieved August 5, 2012 http://www.peacefulsocieties.org/Society/Amish.html Kraybill, Donald B. The Riddle of Amish Culture, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001). Retrieved from Ashford Library ebooks Kraybill, Professor Donald B (principal investigator) of Elizabethtown College and two co-investigators, Nolt, Professor Steven M. Of Goshen College (Indiana) and Professor Johnson-Weiner, Karen of SUNY Potsdam (New York). Amish Studies retrieved from http://www2.etown.edu/amishstudies/Index.asp Robinson, B.A. (2000), History...
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...The Evolution of the Actress: From the 16th Century to Sarah Bernhardt Maria Abbe History 102 March 17, 2010 Outline Thesis: Sarah Bernhardt’s fame and notoriety in film and on the French stage during the late 19th and early 20th centuries made being an actress a respectable job for women in European society. I. Introduction: Sarah Bernhardt strongly influenced the respectability of being an actress. A. Brief outline of how actresses were perceived in society in each century. II. Views on female actresses prior to Bernhardt’s time. A. Women in theatre during the 16th Century 1. Women in Shakespearean theatre a. Women’s roles were played by young boys. 2. Commedia dell’Arte – Italian improvised drama a. A type of masked theatre that usually had a family for its cast, with a husband and wife. b. Despite opposition, this type of theatre gave women a place on the stage. B. Women in theatre during the 17th Century 1. Women first appeared on the English and Parisian stages. 2. Actresses of this time were considered unwomanly and improper as they had to put themselves on public display in order to work. C. Women in theatre during the 18th and early 19th Centuries. 1. Women during the 18th and 19th centuries often led boring lives as they weren’t allowed to do what men took part in. 2. Aristocratic libertinism- the activity in the high society of France of pursuing the pleasures of the flesh. a. Seduction was a game; when actresses came along...
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...fell through after the decline in the 1500’s. Plays did make a comeback, and are still popular to this day. There are no performances today that are associated with the plays from back then. After the fall of the Roman Empire, nomadic bands traveled whether or not there was an audience. They were a combination of jesters, jugglers, storytellers and other performers. Later, when festivals came about, other entertainers were given the chance to showcase their talents. Since the Catholic Church was so powerful, it overpowered such performances and the entertainers were then converted. Actors was their new title. Plays were performed in churches until around 1200, when they were also performed outside on occasion. At the end of the 14th century, churches had less and less control over plays. Towns took over and put on shows that the churches did not. Medieval Drama was very popular during this time, as it was, for a lack of better words, their form of entertainment. The types of plays that were performed during this time were morality, miracle, and mystery plays. Morality plays are didactic allegories often of a common man’s struggle for salvation. Miracle plays are about the lives of saints. They are also historical and legendary. The third type of play that was performed was mystery plays. Mystery plays (aka dramatized scriptures) were about the Bible. They involved Christ, or stories from the Old Testament. Mystery plays were usually done in cycles. These plays were very complex...
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...My understanding of the Columbian cultural context was enhanced by our discussion of the actual historical event the novel was based on; 1951, in the small town of Sucre, Colombia, where twin brothers murdered Cayetano Chimento who had deflowered their sister before her marriage to another man. This was under the influence of the code of honour – an old belief from the 16th and 17th centuries that started in Spain that established order in the society and put all the importance of honour in the virginity of a single woman and the chastity of a married one. Women attached punitive attitudes to their sexuality as they associated sex with sin with absolute virginity required for the unmarried. The deeply rooted cycle of wealth disparity, social...
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...The Shakespearean play “the taming of the shrew” uses a series of comedic devices to further advance the plot as both odd and comical situations are applied to show Katharina’s objection to marriage, The manipulation of Christopher sly in order to convince him that he is a lord, and the female disguises used against him which would later lead to the taming of the shrew. Also in order to fully advance the plot Shakespeare used Disguises/ confused gender roles, clever language, family drama, and mistaken identity in order to further the plot and create the comedic undertones that shape the play and the events that revolve around it. Before we are able to divulge into the usage of comedic devices and its correlation with the overall...
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...Slavery has existed in Africa since some of it’s earliest times of civilization. It’s believed that the origins of slavery started when Egyptians came to neighboring communities to buy slaves to bring back with them for work. The roles and duties slaves had depended on their genders. Women were more likely to get sold into slavery to perform household chores, spin and dye cotton, and sometimes be shown off to let everyone know of a man’s wealth. Men would usually work outside either farming, doing repairs, or building things. In later years, when European countries came into the slave trade, slaves from Africa could be bought with a trade of goods of clothing, food, firearms, and even liquor. Though, by the 18th century, most slaves were obtained...
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...Johann Wolfgang von Goethe for a period of time. Von Arnim, who was known for many novels and essays, wrote on topics involving social and political reform, which appealed to many groups of oppressed people, such as women and Jews. Although she had a husband and seven children, Bettina von Arnim was vocal in rejecting the exclusivity of traditional gender roles in 19th century Germany, through her literary works. Von Arnim’s most famous work is called Goethe’s Correspondence with a Child, a fiction based on her relationship with Goethe. The story depicts her as a child, who sits on Goethe’s character’s lap, and how her gender affects the relationship they had. One of her other works, Gritta, was an alternative view of the typical “male saves female archetype”. In the novel, the female plays the role of the hero. In her later life, after her husband died, she began to publish more and more works, including some by her husband. Her husband’s death was a significant event in von Arnim’s life. When von Arnim became a widow, she published a large amount of works such as autobiographies and fiction based on social equality and gender equality. Von Arnim was a benefactor of the ideas of free speech and freedom of press, as the author used it immensely. Von Arnim also portrayed strong views on socioeconomic differences. Her opinions of favoring the poor made some of her works leaning towards a socialist point of view. In 1843, von Arnim published a book called The King’s Book aimed...
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...What is the Difference Between ‘Sex’ and ‘Gender’? To start this essay I will clearly state definitions of ‘Sex’ and ‘Gender’ respectively. ‘Sex’ is described as ‘the biological properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles.’(Princeton University – 2010). Whereas gender is listed as ‘the state of being male or female, typically with reference to social or cultural differences rather than biological.’(Michigan University – 2010). In this essay I will explore and investigate both sex and gender, whilst identifying the differences between the two. I will start by elaborating on the given definitions. Sex is defined on the Princeton University website as ‘biological’. This is a word that has recurred in many other definitions that I have researched for the word ‘sex’. This would suggest that sex is able to be categorized in a straight forward manner. However, there are several high profile cases in the media, when the issue of ‘sex’ has come into question. Perhaps most recently is the case of South African athlete, Caster Semanya. Semanya won the 800m race during the African Junior Championship, with the fastest time of the year. This lead to some spectators questioning her sex. When looking at the athlete she has an incredibly muscular and angular frame, and this coupled with her record breaking run made the International Athletic Association ask for a sex test. This case brought the issue of ‘sex’ into much disrepute. Now, we are...
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...that is it not our actions that create history, rather history is a product of the ideas and beliefs that influence our actions. Throughout history, regimes events and ideologies have had a significant role in shaping aspects of global society. It is believed that through the events associated with the motives and values of Islamic extremist’s terrorism ideologies such as liberalism have responded in such a way that has had influence in response to these events. This inquiry is intended to answer the above statement through analysing the fundamental ideas and beliefs associated with liberalism as well as evaluating its effect abroad and domestically here in Australia. The response to global terror as a result of Islamic extremists...
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...theme of gender roles in the film adaption and the play is the largest cultural difference evident in these two mediums. America at the beginning of the 20th century was immensely different from 16th century England, not to mention the second wave of feminism encouraging women to break through the inequality barriers that were about to surge. As opposed to this, in the play the men are the decision makers, the head-hunters and the most important people in society. This is in contrast to Shakespeare’s other strong female characters like Juliet, Beatrice, Cordelia, Cleopatra and Lady Macbeth; who are all brave, powerful, wonderfully complicated, and all perfect examples of Shakespeare being way ahead of his time in terms of gender equality. As mentioned, ‘The Taming’ is Shakespeare's odd play out, kind of like John Hughes making Die Hard. The women are considered weak objects to be controlled by men. For instance, when Petruchio plans to ‘tame’ Katherina like a falcon he says: “This is the way to kill a wife with kindness. And thus I'll curb her mad and headstrong humour.” This is an example of male dominance and gender roles as Petruchio believes he has full right to change her personality, and is not judged for it as long as she is the ‘proper wife’. Another illustration of a similar gender stereotype is Shakespeare's use of objective language like ‘it, she and wife’, which symbolise how women were seen as objects. Even though there are still some very loose gender stereotypes...
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