...INTRODUCTION MaimunahAminuddin (2003) defined Human Resource Practise (HRP) as an activity undertaken in all organizations large and small to ensure that people who are employed are used effectively and efficiently, and be able to contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. According to Bohlander and others (2001), HRP include consolidation of a diverse workforce to achieve common goals. Ivancevich (2001) also defines HRP as a function implemented in the organization to help facilitate the effective use of human resources to achieve organizational and individual goals. The early conception that is cost because they have to be paid salaries and provided various forms of benefits such as leave, bonuses and health benefits. However, the importance of the human element cannot be separated from the success of the organization. While Peter F.Drucker, stating that “man, of all the resources available to man, find Grow and Develop.” Abdul Aziz Ahmad was of the view that an organization must have a working sound quality and high caliber, effective training programs to motivate employees, capabilities and commensurate wages for the workers, as well as rights and services (welfare) is good. Muhammad Nasri and Ab. Aziz (2005) also underlined that the Islamic Perspective mean HRP management practices in an effort to create, develop and expand and pursue effective use of resources within themselves to achieve self-improvement and community. The role and functions of HRD is referring...
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...To what extent do you agree that learning is a social process? Everything we learn takes place in a social context. Social learning can be applied to many scenarios ranging from a group of children collaboratively trying to solve the question of how to make a kite, to a university professor writing a research paper with a colleague, both illustrate the case of a social side to learning. On the other hand some people believe that learning is an individual process, such as reading, researching and searching online, and the social element only occurs when you engage with your network. This essay will discuss both arguments, but focus strongly on the contention that daily observations and experiences, as well as many academic theories suggest that learning takes place beyond the confines of the individual mind, and is therefore a very social process. Learning and social process are defined in various ways. The Collins Dictionary (2012) defines learning as knowledge gained by study; instruction or scholarship, the act of gaining knowledge. It also provides a more specific definition with relation to psychology being any relevant permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a direct result of experience. Further to this both the Oxford and Collins Dictionaries (2012) offer the definition of social process as societal change. Some thinkers associate this with socialisation, socialisation is social learning. During different stages of our lives, we belong to different...
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...then describes the first game that was made for the unit, Tetris. Finally, he adds the purpose of the game and explains to readers why this game was considered addictive to anyone who played it. This in turn leads to the main purpose of the article, which was to convince readers that video games in fact can affect our psychological states of mind positively and even solve some of our real world problems. Anderson begins the article by talking about game-study scholars pointing out that games tend to reflect the era that they were created in. For example, he says that Monopoly was made in the 1930’s which was reflective of the great depression. Another example would be Twister created in the mid- 1960’s which was reflective of the “sexual revolution”. So how does Tetris pertain to this chain of game productions? Well, according to Anderson, Tetris was invented in a Soviet computer lab in 1984. He goes on to say that the enemy in the game is not an identifiable villain, but an invisible force that threatens to constantly overwhelm the gamer. By telling the reader this, he is showing that a game so simple and meaningless actually tells a deeper story than what is thought to be. After he hits his audience with a slice of reality, he then tells...
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...Beshears, Laura: Honorable Style in Dishonorable Times: American Gangsters of the 1920s and 1930s Journal of American Culture (33:3) [Sep 2010] , p.197-206. Honorable Style in Dishonorable Times: American Gangsters of the 1920s and 1930s Laura Beshears. The Journal of American Culture. Malden: Sep 2010. Vol. 33, Iss. 3; pg. 197, 10 pgs Abstract (Summary) Prohibition, which came into effect in July of 1920 with the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment, also illustrated the progressives' idealism, as many believed that the elimination of alcohol, because it allegedly created "poverty, marital distress, and negligence," would cleanse society (Mordden 141). [...] the birth of the radio and the movies as well as the development of flight induced excitement and fostered a vision of a society engaged in perpetual technological advancement (Mordden 47). [...] Horatio Alger, Jr. and his late nineteenth-century books- portraits of men who, born underprivileged, rose to wealth and success through hard work, honesty, self-confidence, commitment, and a bit of luck (Weiss 53-54) - characterized the progressive spirit, as it encouraged people to work hard for a better future and for the fulfillment of the American dream. Full Text (5892 words) Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Sep 2010 "You don't need to be ordering fancy duds," Frankie Rio advised his boss as a tailor took measurements of Capone's swollen physique at the Lexington Hotel. "You're going to prison. Why don't you...
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...UNIT 1: THE DEFINITION AND HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY QUESTION #1.1: What is the definition of psychology? Psychology is best defined as the "scientific study of behavior in humans and animals." Behavior is what people and animals do: e.g., what a person says about last night's dream, and how long it takes a rat to run a maze. You might think that psychology was the "study of the mind" due to the fact that the prefix psyche is Greek for mind, soul, spirit, and the suffix ology refers to the study of something. Almost a hundred years ago, John Watson decided that psychology should be a science: not just a vague and introspective reflection on our own thoughts and feelings. Watson urged that psychology be defined as the scientific study of behavior. Since about 1920, most university psychologists have accepted Watson's definition. So, think of psychologists as scientists who study behavior. Introspection was the first technique for studying the mind There are some terms related to psychology that are frequently confused with it. Psychiatry is a branch of medicine specializing with mental disorders. Psychiatrists are medical doctors, and have been through medical school, an internship, residency training, and board certification as specialized physicians. The letters M.D. usually appear at the end of the name. The letters at the end of the name of a psychologist may be 1 Ph.D., Ed.D., or Psy.D., and so it may be appropriate to address a psychologist as...
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..."Final Solution", the plan to annihilate all Jewish people. In the 1930's Germany's conditions were not the best. The economic depression hit the country very hard, and lots of people became unemployed...
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...PART 1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT R esearching the process of human development across cultures provides us with an opportunity to improve the human condition as well as, hopefully, to acquire the knowledge needed to optimize life satisfaction. We therefore begin with an overview of how diverse social science and life science researchers (collectively known as developmentalists) approach the monumental task of studying humans over the course of the life span. Our discussion includes the goals of the scientific community, the recognized framework for studying the life span, what aspects of development warrant extensive examination, and what scientific methods are used to conduct research with humans. Chapter 2 discusses the main developmental theories over the past 100 years, when social scientists, biologists, and chemists focused on studying discrete aspects of human development. Earlier introspective methods about subconscious experience and contemporary measurable evidence about microscopic genetic codes, neurons, and hormones all contribute to our understanding of the human condition. Contemporary researchers are focusing on how to integrate scientific findings and theory from across cultures into a more meaningful whole about human development. CHAPTER 1 Introduction Critical Thinking Questions 1. Developmental change takes place in three fundamental domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional-social. Which domain has been most important for...
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...Royal College of Chemistry in Great Britain on the very day that his first article on possible diazo compounds appeared in print: “A Preliminary Notice on the Influence of Nitrous Acid on Aminonitro- and Aminodinitrophenol.” Griess’ first several attempts at diazotization exploded, but his commission at the Royal College was to investigate his new nitrogen intermediates, with the result that diazobenzoic acid was isolated and an entirely new class of compounds was discovered.(18, 25) Because many of these compounds were found to be stable and could be used for dying fabric without needing a mordant, he is heralded as the father of the modern azo dye industry.(3, (More colorful details of Griess’ life can be found in articles from the February 1930 and June 1959Society of Dyers &Colourists and April 1958 Journal of Chemical Education.) (3, 18, 25) In 1879 Griess developed a reagent for the detection of nitrite in solutions. The reagent, an acid...
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...from the word "Jahurto", meaning "yoghurt" in Esperanto, a constructed international auxiliary language. Yakult contains 6.5 billion beneficial bacteria which is Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota. The bacteria in Yakult are resistant to gastric juices and bile. These bacteria reach our intestines alive to balance the amount of good bacteria in the gut. Yakult is advised for daily consumption to improve intestinal health and immunity. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in Yakult was discovered by Dr. Minoru Shirota in 1930. More than 80 years of research backed Yakult to ensure safety and efficacy of this product. Scientific benefits of Yakult proved to: * Improve bowel movement and aid digestion * Maintain balance of good and bad bacteria * Reduce toxins in our body * Help build the immune system (reduce risk of infections) The term Probiotics is derived from probiosis— a symbiotic relationship between two organisms. It is a live microbial culture that beneficially affects the host animal (humans). It also involves using good bacteria to improve health. Serving as great examples are the L. casei strain Shirota and B. breve strain found in Yakult servings. This made Yakult, a pioneer and a world leader in the field of Probiotics. History: “Little Bottle, Big Story” The history of Yakult dates back to April of 1921 through thorough studies and research of Dr. Minoru Shirota. Dr....
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...Contents Executive Summary 3 Report On Globalization Of P&G 4 1) How did the company initiate its first global business? 4 2) Its Global business activity during the last 5-10 years ………………………………...6 3) What global initiatives the company has taken up currently and in the immediate future? 8 4) Can you suggest any alternative to its given future plan of expansion abroad? 10 5) Due to recent financial meltdown and the continuing recession/ slowdown in some developed countries , have some of the recently introduced expansion plans of your company become vulnerable? 12 6) What remedial measure / plan can you suggest? 14 7) Your suggestions for taking the company’s global businesses to the next level? 15 8) References…………………………………………………………………………….17 Executive Summary Procter and Gamble (P&G) was founded by William Procter and James Gamble on October 31, 1837. The company is now the largest company and brand in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry. The company, today, deals with personal care product, pet food and cleaning agents. The company scored $83.86 billion sales in 2012 and ranks 1st in the Fortune magazine’s “Global Top Companies for Leaders.” The company as on February 19, 2013 has a market capitalization of $ 211.38 bn (Source: Yahoo Finance). The company has simple expansion plan. They have, since early days, have believed in both organic and inorganic growth. The company cultivated and grew in house...
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...LEAN HOSPITALS “Mark Graban’s book has documented what is now happening in hospitals all across America as we learn to apply the Toyota Production System methodology to healthcare. This book lays out the nuts and bolts of the lean methodology and also describes the more difficult challenges, which have to do with managing change. Graban’s book is full of wins—these are the same type of wins that are happening at ThedaCare every day. I wish I could have read this book six years ago, as it might have prevented some of the mistakes we made in our lean transformation journey.” — John S. Toussaint, MD, President/CEO ThedaCare Center for Healthcare Value “Coupled with a foundation of alignment and accountability, the ideas in this book provide a powerful tool to help hospitals get closer to the goal we want – perfect care.” — Quint Studer, CEO, The Studer Group, author of Results that Last “Mark Graban is the consummate translator of the vernacular of the Toyota Production System into the everyday parlance of healthcare. With each concept and its application, the reader is challenged to consider what is truly possible in the delivery of healthcare if standardized systems borrowed from reliable industries were implemented. Graban provides those trade secrets in an understandable and transparent fashion.” — Richard P. Shannon, MD, Frank Wister Thomas Professor of Medicine, Chairman, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine “There is an...
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...Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. | This article lends undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (December 2013) | This article is outdated. (December 2013) | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) | | | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs | Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market. | Signed | 30 March 1961 | Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic...
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...CHAPTER 4 WUNDT AND GERMAN PSYCHOLOGY The book which I here present to the public is an attempt to mark out a new domain of science. —Wilhelm Wundt, 1874 PREVIEW AND CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Chapters 2 and 3 describe the context out of which modern psychology emerged in the nineteenth century. Philosophers, interested in the same fundamental questions about the human mind and behavior that occupy psychologists today, began to speculate about the need to examine these issues scientifically. At least one nineteenth-century British philosopher, John Stuart Mill, even proposed the development of a scientific psychology. Meanwhile, physiologists and physicians in Europe made great strides in furthering our understanding of the physiology of the nervous system and, in particular, of the brain. This chapter examines how this experimental physiology combined with philosophical inquiry to create a new experimental psychology in Germany in the late nineteenth century. The chapter opens with a brief discussion of some aspects of German education that made it attractive to American students, and then continues with a look at how Gustav Fechner’s psychophysics provided a standardized set of methods for studying sensory thresholds. The creation of the ‘‘New Psychology’’ and its first laboratory by Leipzig’s Wilhelm Wundt forms the focus of the middle of the chapter. The chapter ends with consideration of three other important German psychologists, Hermann Ebbinghaus, G. E. Muller, and Oswald...
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...The History of Information Technology March 2010 Draft version to appear in the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 45, 2011 Thomas Haigh thaigh@computer.org University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Thomas Haigh The History of Information Technology – ARIST Draft 2 In many scholarly fields the new entrant must work carefully to discover a gap in the existing literature. When writing a doctoral dissertation on the novels of Nabokov or the plays of Sophocles, clearing intellectual space for new construction can be as difficult as finding space to erect a new building in central London. A search ensues for an untapped archive, an unrecognized nuance, or a theoretical framework able to demolish a sufficiently large body of existing work. The history of information technology is not such a field. From the viewpoint of historians it is more like Chicago in the mid-nineteenth century (Cronon, 1991). Building space is plentiful. Natural resources are plentiful. Capital, infrastructure, and manpower are not. Boosters argue for its “natural advantages” and promise that one day a mighty settlement will rise there. Speculative development is proceeding rapidly and unevenly. But right now the settlers seem a little eccentric and the humble structures they have erected lack the scale and elegance of those in better developed regions. Development is uneven and streets fail to connect. The native inhabitants have their ideas about how things should be done, which sometimes...
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...- Instrumental in a team of scientists, who in 1967 were able to harness steam from a volcano resulting in the production of electricity. Diosdado Banatao (Philippines) - Improved computer performance throughthe development of accelerator chips, helping to make the Internet a reality. Marie Curie (Poland) - Winner of two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physicsfor her studies into Radioactivity and her discoveries of Radium and Polonium. Paul Dirac (England) - An important contributor in the fields of QuantumMechanics and Electro Dynamics, Dirac was co-winner of the Nobel Prize inPhysics (1933). Albert Einstein (Germany) - Arguably needing no introduction, the most famous scientist that lived and a name that has become synonymous in popular culture with the highest intelligence. Enrico Fermi (Italy) - Heavily involved in the development of the world's first nuclear reactor and his work in induced radioactivity saw him awarded with the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics. Vitaly Ginzburg (Russia) - One of three recipients of the 2003 Nobel inPhysics for their pioneering work in the theory of superconductors and superfluids. Christiaan Huygens (Netherlands) - Most well known for his wave theory of light, Huygens is credited with discovering the first of Saturn's moons. Werner Israel (Canada) - In 1990 Israel co-pioneered a study on black hole interiors. Ali Javan (Iran) - Born in Tehran, Ali Javan is listed as one of the top 100 living geniuses and co-inventor of the helium-neon...
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