...works from each time, a liturgical piece from Guillaume de Machaut, and a rock and roll song from Pop Art icon Elvis Presley. A summary includes a compare and contrast of the styles in whole and of the specific pieces, noting the impact of rock and roll on modern day music and society. Art and Culture through the Middle Ages and Beyond The subject of art throughout history is one that is widely debated and highly subject to interpretation. One thing that isn’t debatable is that cultural influences from centuries ago are as relevant as ever, from theming box office movies to manipulating the way we see the world around us. Of course, art forms are available in a wide variety, but I find music to be perhaps the most influential. To further elaborate, I will give an explanation of two separate periods of music through history in the following essay. The Middle Ages The Middle Ages, also referred to as the Medieval period, was a time when science and technology were being pursued perhaps more than ever, yet humanism wasn’t quite in the lead. “We are inclined today to romanticize the Middle Ages as a time when things were simpler, but in reality medieval society was highly complex” (Forgeng, 1999). Unlike today’s constitutional/document driven society, Middle Age civilizations were much more driven by personal relationships, especially concerning wealthy and powerful bloodlines. As a result of the somewhat more emotionally driven structure, social norms were often determined...
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...Unlike many other forms of art, music is universal and can be reached by anyone, anywhere. It is recognized as one of the earliest art forms due to the several mentions of music in the Bible. When you ask anyone the question, “What is music?” many of them will reply, “Music is life!”, “Music is the voice of the world!” and I totally agree with them in saying that. In my opinion music is a powerful art form that uses one of the most vital senses to portray a message. Music evolves feeling; it is a mean by which individuals (artiste) express their beliefs and ideas, address issues and share stories and experiences to the world. In this essay, I will be assessing the role that reggae has played in the development of the Caribbean identity. Music is part of our cultural identity, it’s prevalence in the region helps define the Caribbean civilisation and identity gained through time. The root of Caribbean identity lies in slavery, race, language and the ecology of the region but the term transcends further to include the various types of cuisine, music, ethnicities, religions and cultures present in the Caribbean today. The Caribbean remains one of the most diverse regions on earth, it can be referred to as multi-racial, multi-lingual and some might even say, multi-cultural. The history of music in the Caribbean dates as far back as the Neo-Indians who inhabited the region pre-Christopher Columbus. They had a ceremony referred to as “areito” at which the indigenous people sang...
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...Carel Bou Maroun Research Paper on Media ENG 203 – Layla Al Kadi Harmouch Introduction: Everywhere you go, you hear people talking about Media. Media is the plural of Medium. But what is a medium? A medium is a mean of mass communication. How can you communicate with a big number of people without what we call a medium, such as newspapers, television, or the Internet for example? Simply, you can’t. Media are elements that help to communicate messages. Any element. In a classroom for example, media are the walls, the board, and even the people inside it. The term mass communications alludes to any type of correspondence that at the same reaches a huge number of people, including yet not constrained to radio, TV, daily papers, magazines, bulletins, movies, record. (Wimmer and Dominick, 1983.) As we all know it, some media are more active and used than others today. For instance, we can think about televisions or mobile phones. But we all know that television is not the first technology used to spread messages. “Media are the result of technology.” (Avery and McCain, 1982.) Day by day, new technologies are emerging and the “old” ones are being forgotten. This is what our modern-day world looks like. It’s constantly changing, moving, evolving… The innovation and models for creating and conveying media substance are always advancing. (Croteau, David, Hoynes, and Milam, 2003.) Media are also socialization agents. You learn...
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...Patterns of Discrimination in Police Agencies Paper Danielle Hill CJS/221 June 20, 2016 Ebony Pullins-Govantes Patterns of Discrimination in Police Agencies Paper Discrimination is the act of treating an individual different based on the way you perceive them to be, instead if their individual behavior and qualifications. The criminal justice system has multiple example of the discrimination that will assist me in illustrating my point. It wasn't until the 1960's that blacks were hired as officers because southern states didn't think to hire African Americans. The other police departments that decided to hire black officers made sure they had strict restrictions and stipulations. One restriction was that if you were an African American officer you were not allowed to arrest Caucasians. In most of the Northern police departments, blacks were required to only police the black neighborhoods instead of where the whites resided. This example are the types of discrimination that occurred within employment of the criminal discrimination also involved airlines. Female ma were only hired to be flight attendants because this wasn't a job for a man. Men were hired mainly to be managers and leaders of a company and woman were hired to do more office like duties, such as being a secretary. They didn't view the résumé of an individual first and their treatment was solely based on someone's personal beliefs and opinion. Currently, in the police agencies and...
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...CASE STUDY I.2 Manchester United: still trying to establish a global brand Manchester United (abbreviated as ManUtd, www.manutd.com) has developed into one of the most famous and financially successful football clubs in the world, being recognized in virtually every country, even those with little interest in the sport. Real Madrid has displaced ManUtd from the pole position in Deloitte’s football money league. The list, which has been running for the last 9 years, identifies the top 20 clubs in terms of revenue. The top five in 2008 were: Real Madrid with 3365.8 million, Manchester United (3324.8 million), FC Barcelona (3308.8 million), Bayern Munich (3295.3 million) and Chelsea (3268.9 million) (Deloitte, 2009). Having won the Premier League and Champions League in 2007/08, United would have overtaken Real Madrid at the top of the Deloitte Football Money League had it not been for the depreciation of the pound. The top 20 clubs now generate more than three times the combined revenue of the clubs in the first Money League publication in 1996/97. The most valuable US sport teams, the National Football League’s Washington Redskins and baseball’s New York Yankees, are both worth somewhat more but more than any US sports team, ManUtd has built a global brand. Since the mass commercialization of football in 1992, Manchester United has unquestionably been the team to beat. In the past 16 seasons, it has collected 10 Premier League titles, four FA Cups and two Champion League trophies...
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...The Impact of the Internet on the Music Industry: Downloadable Music VS. Records Table of Contents * Introduction 3 * Music Label Industry Analysis 5 * EMI Group Unlimited Business Description 7 * Record Label Business Model 8 * Record Label History 10 * Record Label SWOT Analysis 11 * Downloadable Music Business Description 14 * Downloadable Music Business Model 14 * Downloadable Music History 15 * Competing Online Services 15 * Financial Analysis 16 * The Future of The Music Industry 19 * Conclusion 21 * References 21 The Impact of the Internet on the Music Industry: The Record Label VS. Downloadable Music It was only a short time ago that record stores like Specs and FYE were littered across the country, stocked from wall to wall with all the latest albums from your favorite bands and all sorts of music paraphernalia. People like me would have stacks of compact discs or binders full of the music they owned ready to go wherever they went. Before them there were cassette tapes, and before that vinyl records. If you were lucky enough to be a signed musician, you were a star destined for fame and fortune with thousands if not millions of loyal supporters buying your album and following you on tour. Most importantly for the purpose of this paper, the record labels were some of the wealthiest companies in the entertainment...
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...in place of each other and their meanings partially overlap, the term "pop", which dates from the late 1950s, belongs to a particular society and historical period. Pop refers more in detail to something containing qualities of mass appeal, while "popular" refers to what has gained popularity, regardless of its style. Popular culture is often viewed as being unimportant and irrelevant in order to find diffently acceptance throughout the norm. As a result, it comes under heavy criticism from various non-mainstream sources (most notably religious groups and counter-cultural groups) which deem it superficial, consumerist, sensationalist, and corrupted. Examples of popular culture come from a wide array of genres, including popular music, print, cyber culture, sports, entertainment, leisure, fads, trends, advertising and television. Sports and television are maybe the two of the most widely used up examples of popular culture, and they also represent two examples of popular culture with great continuing power. Sports are played and watched by members of all social classes. Some sporting events, such as the World Cup and the Olympics, are consumed by a world. Sports are widespread in most civilizations and represent a major part of many people’s lives. Furthermore, cheering by a fan for a sports team or a favorite athlete is a way any individual can become part of popular culture....
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...Ford vs Chevrolet Ford and Chevrolet (Chevy) are in the automotive industry and have been in completion for many years start back in 1908, both companies started in the state of Michigan and have been battling it out for profits, market share and hometown bragging rights. Ford was founded in the suburb of Dearborn, Michigan and Chevy was founded in Flint, Michigan. Ford and Chevy both are good-producing sectors, they both manufacture automobiles that are similar but different. They each have a mission statement, Ford’s mission statement “One Team, One Plan, One Goal.” Ford’s mission statement is defined to each part of the statement, One Team meaning people working together as a lean, global enterprise. One Plan meaning aggressively restructure to operate profitably at the current demand and changing model mix, developing new products our customers want and value, finance our plan and improve our balance sheet, and work together as one team. One Goal meaning an exciting viable Ford delivering profitable growth for all. Chevy’s mission statement is an unofficial statement “We win when the customer says we win.” Chevy has an unofficial mission statement but uses more of Five Principles to guide its business, Safety and Quality First, create long-life customers, innovate, deliver long-term investment value and make a positive difference. Both Ford and Chevy are oligopoly competition, being that both companies supplies a large portion of the automotive industry. Being in...
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...The Effect of Modern Drugs on Today’s Youth Children and the Law Seminar It’s nearing finals time and students across campus are beginning to feel the anxiety with exams over the horizon. While many students hit the books to quash this feeling, others search for something more. Whispers soliciting a need for Adderall resonate throughout the halls. These students don’t have prescriptions for their drug of choice, but this doesn’t deter them. They know that the risk in purchasing and ingesting this “study buddy” is far outweighed by the extreme focus and potentially high exam scores it may bring. It’s not that these students are ignorant of the law; it is quite the contrary. These situations are now so commonplace that today’s youth perceives the law to be a technicality in their search to find a means to an end. This pervading attitude should come as no surprise to most adults. For as long as human history has been recorded, drugs have defined and reflected the attitudes of their era. In the 1920’s, alcohol was placed under prohibition and Americans were looking to every which way to circumvent this federal regulation. In the 1930’s, reefer madness swept the country and marijuana was criminalized. The 1960’s marked the era of a rising counter-culture fueled by the psychedelic drug LSD. Even the cocaine boom of the 1970’s and 1980’s define a period of American history marked by high crime rates and an evolving nightlife. Today’s society is no different. In many ways, people...
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...In everyday life we are surrounded by consumption. We buy items every day, we pass millions of shops on our way home and see every other person carrying a branded shopping bag. So what exactly do we mean by consumption? The everyday use of the term nowdays states that 'consumption' is about 'use'. In postomodern accounts, cultural consumption is seen as being the very meterial out of which our identites are being construct – we become what we consume. Mackay (1997, p.4) In the 20 th century mass production has led to the commodification of culture, with the rise of cultural industries. Consumption serves the interests of manufactures seeking greater profit, and citisens have become the passive victims of advertisers. Mackay (1997, p.5) Boudreillard has a theory about consumer commodities. In late capitalism they developed the capacity to take up a wide range of symbolic associations which overlay their initial use-value and hence become comodity signs which leads to the loss of a sense of reality.Featherstone (1991,p. 56). Commodities came to lack authenticity and met ' false needs' . Consumers began to have a passive role , be manipulated, rather than creative and active beings. Karl Marx in his theory of capitalism says that production is for the market and for profit. Veblen's in his reaserch explains how goods are used as symbolic markers of social status, and how consumption is for the purpose of imprassing others.Mackay (1997, p.4) In 1984, Bourdieu provides a seeing...
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...A Comparative Analysis of Nike and Adidas Commercials * A Multimodal Approach to Building Brand Strategies Mads Nørgaard Hansen Dennis Gade Pedersen BA Marketing and Management Communication Supervisor: Carmen Daniela Maier Department of Language and Business Communication Aarhus School of Business Aarhus University 2010 A Comparative Analysis of Nike and Adidas Commercials * A Multimodal Approach to Building Brand Strategies Mads Nørgaard Hansen and Dennis Gade Pedersen Abstract Heavy competition in the sports industry has caused organisations like Nike and Adidas to focus on more than just selling sportswear- and equipment. Organisations need to differentiate themselves and focus on both product attributes and brand values when creating brand strategies. Therefore, we have found it interesting to see how Nike and Adidas communicate their branding strategy differently and have set up the following hypothesis and questions: In Nike and Adidas commercials the organisations make use of complex multimodal choices in order to communicate their branding strategies. 1. Which multimodal choices do Nike and Adidas employ in order to communicate their branding strategies? 2. Which personality traits are similar and different in Nike and Adidas product and value commercials? Due to the complexity of our hypothesis, we will employ three frameworks: social semiotics, film theory, and branding. These frameworks will help us to analyse and...
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...Chapter 1 What is sociology? * Seeks to explain, describe, and predict human behavior * Not concerned with individual human beings * Concerned with human beings in reaction to other human beings * Puts emphasis on group behavior (two or more people) (small group/large groups) * Looks at group social interaction, social behavior an influence of social structures on people How old is sociology? 200 years Why did sociology (as social science develop)? Who was the founding father of sociology? Main contributions of Sociology Early Auguste compte: Founding father of sociology, coined the word sociology How is Sociology different from other social sciences? Emile Durkheim: influenced development of functionalism 4 types of suicide by Durkheim: Egoistic: Mentally ill, lonely, social outcast, depression Altruistic: Kamikaze pilots, suicide bombers, cult members, obligation to the group, Fatalistic: Inmates, elderly, terminally ill, hopelessness Anomic: Anyone who cant deal with chaos, such as stock market crash or 1929-Insecurity Anomie: When society’s norms are questions, much social change, Society is rapidly changing Institutions are weakened, family, religion. Gender norms are questioned; values and belief systems are questioned Theory of structural functionalism 1 If a structure exists in society its because its functional, the social structure exists because it works Social structures: anything...
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...'culture', identifying some salient aspects of it in today's US, which for good and/or ill, seem to exert great influence in the wider world. American 'culture' has been inextricably bound up this election year with the searing, super-reported Obama-Clinton flght for the Democratic nomination, followed by Obama's increasingly bitter joust with Sen. McCain. One aspect of American 'culture' dealt with below, a huge penchant for nostalgia, was seen in an attempt to make Obama another JEK of fresh mien and views, and his wife a second Jackie - all made more poignant by Teddy Kennedy's sudden struggle for survival. There was also an attempt to show in the pro-Hillary coalition a lineage harking back to Franklin D. Roosevelt. On the other side, there was Republican concem for maintenance of a Reaganite legacy (few wanting out loud to protect George W. Bush's). So let us identify one prevailing theme in today's America as a 'culture of nostalgia'. The US housing market or auto industry may have experienced signiflcant downturns, but this nostalgia boom shows no signs of abating. Starting with popular music: in American restaurants or supermarkets, 'oldie-goldies' became an omnipresent aural plague at least a decade ago, and remain so, even as these tunes get played into repetitive rubble (or 'rubbish'?). Once they still seemed new, when nostalgia itself was fresh and bracing. This looking backward first surfaced after the explosive late 1960s took rock toward comparative old age. It wasn't...
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...Cultural Moves AMERICAN CROSSROADS Edited by Earl Lewis, George Lipsitz, Peggy Pascoe, George Sánchez, and Dana Takagi 1. Border Matters: Remapping American Cultural Studies, by José David Saldívar 2. The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture, by Neil Foley 3. Indians in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities around Puget Sound, by Alexandra Harmon 4. Aztlán and Viet Nam: Chicano and Chicana Experiences of the War, edited by George Mariscal 5. Immigration and the Political Economy of Home: West Indian Brooklyn and American Indian Minneapolis, by Rachel Buff 6. Epic Encounters: Culture, Media, and U.S. Interests in the Middle East,1945–2000, by Melani McAlister 7. Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco’s Chinatown, by Nayan Shah 8. Japanese American Celebration and Conflict: A History of Ethnic Identity and Festival, 1934–1990, by Lon Kurashige 9. American Sensations: Class, Empire, and the Production of Popular Culture, by Shelley Streeby 10. Colored White: Transcending the Racial Past, by David R. Roediger 11. Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico, by Laura Briggs 12. meXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands, by Rosa Linda Fregoso 13. Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight, by Eric Avila 14. Ties That Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom, by Tiya Miles 15. Cultural Moves: African Americans and the Politics of...
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...opera to merge with the Utah Symphony. Mr. Bailey expressed concern about the financial status of the opera versus the financial status of the symphony. The opera had a ‘reserve fund’ and a business model that afforded the opera the flexibility to cancel projects that did not meet its fundraising goals whereas the symphony did not have that ability. In addition, Mr. Bailey was concerned that the opera would lose its identity if it merged with the symphony. These were his primary concerns at the onset of the merger talks. If Mr. Bailey felt strongly enough and wanted to deter the merger from taking place he could employ the Adam’s equity theory. The Adam’s equity theory was developed by behavioral psychologist John S. Adams in the 1960’s. Adams theorized that an employees’ perception of fairness is either going to motivate them or de-motivate them. If an employee believes that their incomes and outcomes differ from others, then they become less motivated and their performance suffers. [ (Lockwood, Anderson, Fiester, & Sommers, 2010) ]. Some of the inputs for which the employee would expect a fair return would be education and training, skill level, creativity, seniority, effort expended, flexibility, and loyalty. Some of the outcomes are salary, benefits, job security but can also be fewer tangible assets such as praise, sense of achievement, recognition, and reputation. [ (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2013) ]. Mr. Bailey’s primary concerns was that the opera...
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