...ones that first capitalize on economies of scale and scope, create management structures and invest in research and development which allows them to stay ahead of the competition. Second Claims: Unrelated diversification leads to problems in the long run. Business ownership patterns have diminished the likelihood of many firms’ long term success. Claims: important to invest, be committed/ companies still ignore logic/ pursuing a wide mkt is key/ hard to enter a mkt when there’s already a 1st mover/ company succeed when it dvlps an economy of scale and scope Major Concepts Economies of scale: Doing things on a greater scale makes things cheaper. Economies of scope: Being able to make other things based on the knowledge and materials you have. Functional divisions: Example: Sales, Management, Accounting. Management Hierarchy: Levels of Management. Bosses, ect… First Movers: First to hire managers, to grow, move. Once a firm loses the opportunity to be a first mover, it is difficult to regain competitive advantage. * Confidently seize opportunities through major commitments * Constantly improve and aggressively compete * Manage logically and systematically * “Maintain and nourish their competitive capabilities” Research and Development: New technologies, improving quality, price/cost. Managerial enterprises: build large and efficient pdct capacity, compete aggressively and never let up, expand mktg and distribution, lower cost and improve...
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...Stockholm School of Economics Department of Management and Organization Master Thesis, 20 credits “Can strategic analysis through a market and resource based view prevent the founding of companies with an unsustainable business strategy?” Abstract The Resource-based and Market-based views (RBV and MBV) are two theoretical frameworks which try to find an optimal structure for business strategy by focusing on key strategic points to gain the maximum output or return. During the peak and later upheaval of what is often called the “dot.com bubble” – business models, valuations and strategies were questioned with regards to their anchorage to reality and building endurable businesses. Based on a wide investigation of literature and reports within the Resource-based and Market-based view combined with first-hand interviews and second hand research, we have tried to find to what extent these strategies could or would have prevented investments in IT-ventures lacking the prerequisites for long term competitive advantage. The initial indications and rationale was that the information and frameworks would provide a structured strategic analysis that, if correctly used, could have prevented the poor investments and even lessened the impact of the crash. However, our conclusions are that a strategic analysis, using the MBV and RBV frameworks, would not have been able to give a correct strategic recommendation since the analysis would have been largely based on incorrect...
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...Chapter 1 The Globalization of Starbucks -company focused on selling a “thirdplace” experience, rather than just coffee -first target outside US was Japan and the company established a joint venture with a local retailer -Starbucks format was then licensed to the venture which then took over responsibility for growing the Starbucks presence in Japan -Starbucks transferred employees to the Japanese operation -all employees went to training classes -stores had to adhere to design parameters established in US -took its success here and went to other foreign markets -purchases mainly Fair Trade Certified coffee to promote environmental responsibility -Starbucks has shown that glo Globalization (shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy): +: Expand revenue by selling around the world and reduce costs by producing in nations where lower input costs -: increases competition and drives price down Globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace Most global markets are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over such as market for commodities (aluminum, oil, and wheat), industrial products (commercial jet aircraft), computer software, and financial asses Firms follow eachother around the world so greater uniformity replaces diversity Globalization of production: sourcing of goods and services from locations around...
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...Strategic Positioning and Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Food Industry Abstract Purpose – This paper examines the concepts of sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) and strategic positioning (SP) and seeks to develop a framework on determinants of SP and SCA in the food industry following the case study approach. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyzes the concepts of strategic positioning and sustainable competitive advantage and their interrelation. The qualitative study of three beverage producers is conducted. Cases are analyzed based on the theoretical models discussed in the first part of the paper. Findings - This paper provides comparison of positioning strategies and SCA of three international beverage producers. The theoretical framework on determinants of these concepts was developed and applied for case study. The concepts of SCA and SP are interchanging, but from the case study it was not possible to conclude whether one leads to another. There is no single theory found which would be universal in explaining the success of the brands. Companies are complex structures and their success depends on many different elements which should be analyzed in combination. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based solely on the case analysis of three unique beverage companies. To generalize conclusions the research of other companies in food industry on possession of SCA and their positioning strategies is needed. Not all firsthand information...
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...Executive summary Boeing was founded in 1916 in Seattle, Washington and became one of the World’s largest and leading manufacturers in making commercial and military aircrafts. The company has been involved in acquiring international firms and making strategic alliances with many aerospace pioneers in the past. Some of the big acquired and merged aerospace companies are Hughes Space and Communications, North American Aviation, McDonnell Douglas, Rockwell International and Jappesen (Boeing, 2012). The purpose of this report is twofold and accordingly the report is divided into two parts. The first part consists of a critical evaluation of the internal and external business environments of Boeing to find out to at what extent Boeing is strategically fit with its current business environment. In the second part, an improvement strategy will be recommended to the company to effectively manage its supply chain practices after critically reviewing the feasibility, acceptability and suitability of the strategy. Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction to Boeing 787 Dreamliner 3 (PART A) 4 S.W.O.T analysis of Boeing 787 Dreamliner 4 Strengths: 4 Weaknesses: 5 Opportunities: 6 Threats: 6 Boeing 787 Dreamliner competitiveness 7 Business model of Boeing Dreamliner 787 9 B787 SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT: 9 MANUFACTURING/QUALITY: 9 Design and features of Boeing 787 Dreamliner: 10 Strategic alliance of Boeing 787 Dreamliner 12 Challenges posed by the business...
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...Free Trade in the Real World: Competing perspectives about the role and impact of trade in developing countries. By James Lawrie Since the end of the Second World War the Western World has lead the way in the quest for free trade between nations. In particular, various arms of The United Nations, chiefly The World Bank, The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and The World Trade Organisation (WTO) have been the main bodies through which the developed world has pushed its agenda of liberalisation. The policies pursued by these supranational organisations are based on western economic concepts and theories and have become broadly known as the ‘Washington Consensus’, a term first coined by John Williamson in 1989. The Washington Consensus is rooted firmly in the Neoclassical approach to economic thinking and has been criticised by two main schools of thought; Structuralists and Dependency Theory. These two schools question many of the assumptions made by the Neoclassical framework and use real world observations to discredit Neoclassical policies. While Neoclassical theory suggests that all free trade is eventually mutually beneficial to everyones welfare, Dependency Theory advocates argue that free trade is a destructive force and a threat to the Developing World or the Least Developed Countries (LDC’s). Structuralist make their position in the middle ground and acknowledge that while there are gains from free trade to be made for LDC’s and Developed Countries (DC’s) alike...
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...EXPANDING ABROAD: MOTIVATIONS & MEANS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: It consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy the objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations The main characteristics of the international business are: - flow of ideas, services and capital across the world - new choices to consumers - acquisition of a wider variety of products is offered - the mobility of labor, capital and tech is facilitated - new challenging employment opportunities - reallocation of resources, shift of activities to a global level International business has created a network of global links that bind countries, institutions, and individuals with trade, financial markets, technology, and living standards. MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE (MNE): is a business –profit or non-profit – that operates in the global arena (across national borders), with no regard to the dimension of the firm The main peculiarity of an MNE is the fact that manage actively and coordinately a set of operations located in different countries. To be true MNE a company must: * have substantial, direct investment in foreign countries (not just the trading relationships of an import-export business) * and actively manage those operations as affecting their strategy and organization The MNE is a recent phenomenon, mostly developed in the post-WW II years. The United Nations has changed...
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...4-20 Tribonian: next 400 years from the republican age. Law also exists as a series of edicts. Emperor is constintutionally a magistrate, could do edicts – say what the law was. Permanent unless superceded by another emperor. 432, 438, Theodosian code. 2nd edition cleans up the bad editing. Most comprehensive code the romans had up to this point. It didn’t look at every single area of law. By justinians day it is almost 100 years old. Justinian got 500 scribes and jurists. Difference is large. Justinian was so pleased that he gave trebonian other tasks. Digest is twice as long as the code. A discussion of the principles of the law, the procedures, the remedies. Excerpting the particular topic – what they thought at the time. Quite a bit is philosophical. And a bit based on case law. Therefore it is unique. If you knew nothing about the roman law and you read it – you would know everything. 1000 year old system of written law. His most enduring contribution, Justinian. One of the three most important books beside the bible and quaran. Lenord the 3rd wrote the Ekolga. Justinian had reconquered the west. 1079 – one or two copies of the digest are found. Digest is not law in England, Germany. England were developing their own system, Germany wouldn’t develop until the 19th century. Every other latin speaking areas used it. Islam Decade seperates death of Justinian and birth of Mohammed. Justinian died in 565. Suceeded by several emperors in the next 45 years. Couple decent, one...
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...Apple iPhone Simon Reading Bernt Wahl Hannes Hesse Chris Volz Johnson Nguyen 1- INTRODUCTION A. The Apple iPhone Not since the introduction of the original Apple Macintosh has a product introduction been met with so much anticipation. The Apple iPhone is an elegantly designed information communicator forged from steel and silicon that runs pioneering software under Apple’s OS X in a Unix Kernel. The iPhone combines smart phone capabilities with a simple to use graphical interface projected on a large ‘multi-touch’ display. Apple has managed to create a Macintosh computer with mobile phone capabilities, bundled within an Internet enabled PDA and an iPod body. B. Design The iPhone’s functionality is accessed through its 3.5-inch touch screen display and one “home” button. Using only finger commands, a user can navigate seamlessly through iPhone’s features, conjuring up a keyboard when needed. At a resolution of over 25,000 pixels per inch, its picture quality for videos and photos is astounding. An ambient light sensor automatically adjusts the iPhone’s display brightness enhancing visibility and saving power. Audio is provided by a standard headphone jack, a built-in speaker or through Bluetooth (stereo) transmission. C. Features 1. Smart Phone iPhone touch technology allows users to make calls by simply pointing to a name or number in an address book or by dialing through a touch pad keyboard. Contacts are automatically...
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...Apple iPhone Simon Reading Bernt Wahl Hannes Hesse Chris Volz Johnson Nguyen 1- INTRODUCTION A. The Apple iPhone Not since the introduction of the original Apple Macintosh has a product introduction been met with so much anticipation. The Apple iPhone is an elegantly designed information communicator forged from steel and silicon that runs pioneering software under Apple’s OS X in a Unix Kernel. The iPhone combines smart phone capabilities with a simple to use graphical interface projected on a large ‘multi-touch’ display. Apple has managed to create a Macintosh computer with mobile phone capabilities, bundled within an Internet enabled PDA and an iPod body. B. Design The iPhone’s functionality is accessed through its 3.5-inch touch screen display and one “home” button. Using only finger commands, a user can navigate seamlessly through iPhone’s features, conjuring up a keyboard when needed. At a resolution of over 25,000 pixels per inch, its picture quality for videos and photos is astounding. An ambient light sensor automatically adjusts the iPhone’s display brightness enhancing visibility and saving power. Audio is provided by a standard headphone jack, a built-in speaker or through Bluetooth (stereo) transmission. C. Features 1. Smart Phone iPhone touch technology allows users to make calls by simply pointing to a name or number in an address book or by dialing through a touch pad keyboard. Contacts are automatically...
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...Technology Ventures From Idea to Enterprise is p r bite ohi d. se The pre na limi ry p s age are p are rep d fo r s ent tud s of D ho r. T ma Any s. yer sB oth e e r us se The pre na limi ry p s age are p are rep d fo r s ent tud s of D ho r. T ma Any s. yer sB oth e e r us is p r bite ohi d. Technology Ventures From Idea to Enterprise d. Thomas H. Byers Stanford University se The pre na limi ry p s age are p a Richard C. Dorf . Thom f Dr University of California, Davis so t den stu r d fo Andrew J. Nelson are rep University of Oregon Any s. yer sB oth e e r us is p r bite ohi TECHNOLOGY VENTURES: FROM IDEA TO ENTERPRISE, THIRD EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright @ 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2008 and 2005. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the...
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...Distinctive Brand Identity Developing the Framework and Communicating the Value Proposition Building Customer Relationships Characteristics of Successful Brands Conclusion 1 BUILDING SUCCESSFUL BRANDS ON THE INTERNET CHAPTER 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 THE INTERNET 33 34 34 35 35 39 40 43 Introduction Overview of the Internet 4.2.1 The Defining Characteristics of the Internet The Growth of the Internet The Internet & e-Commerce The Impact of the Internet on Business Conclusion CHAPTER 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 BUILDING BRANDS ON THE INTERNET 44 45 45 47 48 50 51 52 57 59 60 Introduction The New Dynamics of Brands The Importance of Customer Loyalty Online Increasing Returns Economics and First-Mover Advantage Viral Marketing 5.5.1 The Case of Hotmail.com The Online Experience & The 7Cs Framework The Interactive...
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...IBUS%3100%–%TEXTBOOK%NOTES% CHAPTER%1%–%GLOBALIZATION% WHAT%IS%GLOBALIZATION?% • Globalization:+ shift% towards% a% more% integrated% and% independent% world% economy% –% away% from% distinct% national% economic%units,%towards%one%huge%global%market% Merging%of%historically%distinct%and%separate%national%markets%into%one%huge%global%marketplace% Argument%–%tastes/preferences%of%consumers%in%different%nations%beginning%to%converge%to%some%global%norm%% Standardized%products%such%as%CocaTCola,%McDonald’s%and%iPods%help%create%a%global%market%% Significant%differences%still%exist%between%national%markets%along%many%dimensions,%i.e.%tastes/preferences,%distribution% channels,%value%and%business%systems,%and%legal%regulation% Most%global%markets%–%markets%for%industrial%goods%and%materials%that%serve%universal%need% Sourcing%of%goods/services%from%locations%around%the%globe%to%take%advantage%of%national%differences%in%cost%and%quality% of%factors%of%production%+ Aim%is%to%lower%overall%cost%structure%of%an%entity%and/or%improve%quality/functionality%of%product%offering%+ Impediments% to% global% production% include% –% formal/informal% barriers% to% trade,% barriers% to% foreign% direct% investment,% transportation%costs,%and%issues%associated%with%economic%+%political%risk+ Regulation,%management,%and%policing%of%global%marketplace%necessary%as%markets%globalize%further% General+Agreement+on+Tariffs+and+Trade+(GATT):+international%treaty%that%committed%signatories%to%lower%barriers%...
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...Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Kenneth Fee The University of Sunderland © 2013 The University of Sunderland First published September 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission of the copyright owner. While every effort has been made to ensure that references to websites are correct at time of going to press, the world wide web is a constantly changing environment and the University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK. Contents Introduction vii Unit 1 The contemporary world of business and management Introduction 1.1 1.2 The global business environment The importance of developments in the global environment Case Study 1.3 Organisational decision making and performance vii 1 3 10 14 17 19 19 20 Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary Unit 2 Globalisation Introduction 2...
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...MKTA - 011 Amul –Evolution of Marketing Strategy “If Amul has become a successful brand – if, in the trade lingo, it enjoys brand equity – then it is because we have honored our contract with consumers for close to fifty years. If we had failed to do so, then Amul would have been consigned to the dustbin of history, along with thousands of other brands. For close to fifty years now, Amul has honored its contract with the consumer. The contract that is symbolized by the Amul brand means quality. It means value for money. It means availability. And it means service.” Varghese Kurien, Chairman GCMMF1 Introduction C op y Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), the largest food company in India, recorded a turnover of Rs 2882 crore ($ 0.65 bn) in 2003-04. Its flagship brand ‘Amul’ was the market leader in butter, whole milk, cheese, ice cream and dairy whitener. GCMMF was the largest cooperative movement in India with 2.2 million milk producers of Gujarat organized in 10,552 cooperative societies. GCMMF collected 5 million litres of milk per day from its shareholders who owned 3.2 million buffaloes, one million cows and 0.3 million crossbred cows. The Federation’s extensive marketing network comprised 3000 distributors and 500,000 retailers spread across the country. ot Background Note D o N Amul’s genesis was linked to the freedom movement in India. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, an eminent Indian freedom fighter encouraged...
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