...Random Breath Tests for Drivers is a Smart Thing to do As a six year old little girl I was faced with what I thought was the worst news of my life. In April 1989, my father was hit head on by a drunk driver and was killed instantly. Almost twenty years later and this horrific memory still plays over and over in my head. If random breathalyzers were performed more often by police officers then maybe my father would still be alive today. I believe random breathalyzers for drivers is a smart thing to perform on a daily basis around the world because they will keep intoxicated drivers off the road and keep our roads and highways safe. Far too many people drink near the legal limit not realizing that they may innocently go over the limit. It’s not uncommon for us to be out on a Saturday night with a group of our close friends, have a few drinks and drive home. Sometimes it’s difficult to gage ones alcohol intake and is easier to assume that we are okay to drive. The legal limit in most states is 0.8%. If a person is driving while above the legal limit they are arrested and charged with drinking and driving more commonly referred to as a DUI or DWI. Driving under the influence of alcohol can be seriously harmful to themselves and innocent bystanders such as my father. Alcohol blurs our judgment and decreases our reaction time which can be crucial while operating a motorized vehicle. Driving while under the influence is illegal and those that violate that law should...
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...FIN 86098 Research in Finance Term Paper Covenant violation: How does CDS market react? Abstract We investigate the difference of loan and firm characteristics between financial covenants violated firms and normal firms; how Credit Default Swap market reacts to the first time and second time violation information and what are the determinants of violation. We find that financial covenants violated firms are more likely to be less matured, growth companies. They also borrow less money per deal than normal companies and more likely to borrow money to repay old debt rather than corporate purposes. In addition, we examine around 100 first time financial covenant violations with available CDS data from 2001 to 2012, and find credit market reacts significantly to the unfavorable first time violation information in almost all the windows. We do not find any impact on CDS spreads for the second time violations. Further, our results indicate that firm operating performance, such as leverage, profit and ROA rather than stock market performance is good measure to predict the probability of financial covenant violation. I. Introduction Almost every private loan comes with some ex ante contingencies which can be break into three subgroups: pricing grids, borrowing bases and financial covenants. A grid is used to determine the applicable interest rate of a private loan as a function of one performance measurement, for example, the credit rating of a borrower or the borrower’s...
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...The Systematic Obliteration of the Constitutional Republic The power of the US federal government, relative to the power of the states, has increased since the ratification of the Constitution in 1791. Describe how the provisions within the Constitution pertaining to the ‘power to tax and spend’ (Art.1, sec.8, pt.1) and the ‘commerce clause’ (Art.1, sec.8, pt.3) have been used over time to expand federal power and thus the power of the President. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” (Declaration of Independence, n.d.). Taken adapted from the scholar John Locke’s “Life Liberty and Estate” in his text the ‘Second Treatise of Government’, (Locke, J. 2005) and incorporated into the United States declaration of independence. Much has been said on the influence of Locke, on Thomas Jefferson during the drafting of the United States declaration of independence, such as was argued by McKay, (2005 pp. 44) . However, where Locke emphasized the importance of procuring and maintaining a limited government, it appears his influences on the political foundation of the United States drew to a halt here. As we are now bearing witness, to one of the most rapidly expanding government institutions in western liberal democracy. In this essay, I intend to discuss how the expansion of federal government power has increased...
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...Securities and Exchange Commission Bangladesh CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established on June 8, 1993 under the Securities and Exchange Commission Act 1993 (Act 15 of 1993) as a capital market regulator with a view to ensuring proper issuance of securities, protection of the interest of investors in securities, development of the capital and securities markets, and regulation of the capital and securities markets in Bangladesh. The Commission consists of a chairman and four full time members who are employed by the government for a period of three years renewable for another similar term. The services of the chairman and members of the Commission are also determined by the government. The Chairman is the chief executive officer of the Commission. The country’s capital market witnessed a remarkable turn-around during the fiscal year 2008-2009. There were unmistakable signs of the resurgence of investor’s confidence which suffered a major jolt in the wake of the catastrophic crash of the stock market in 1996. Dhaka Stock Exchange’s (DSE) general index which was introduced on 27th November 2001 with a base of 818 points hardly moved in the following two years with the index increasing by merely five points to reach 823 on 30th June 2003. A significantly higher level was attained during the following year with the index rising to 1319 as of 30 June 2004. Parallely, Chittagong Stock Exchange’s index rose from 1841 as of 30th June 2003 to...
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...with multiple points of access providing opportunities to influence the multiple decision makers involved at each stage (Abood, 2007). Each stage presents a unique set of events for a policy to be proposed, considered, and either implemented or rejected. In the formulation stage there is an input of ideas, information, and research from government officials, citizens, and special interest groups. The issue is framed and the purpose and outcome is defined. Finally strategies are chosen and the necessary resources are identified. In the legislative stage the policy must be discussed by congress, agreed on and signed into law. In the implementation stage the policy is put into effect, human resources and funding are allocated. After a new policy is implemented, advocates, opponents, or other “interested parties” begin to consider the consequences of the decision and its implementation (Cockrel, 2007). Abood (2007), “The overall health care system, including the public and private sectors, and the political forces that affect that system are shaped by the health care, policy-making process” (The Policy Process and the Politics of Health Care). This paper will examine how the Medicare program has gone through the formulation, legislative, and implementation stage of the health care policy-making process and describe each stage of the process. To understand the Medicare program one must first understand how it came to be and the policy-making process the program has gone through...
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...HOW LAWSUITS FILED AGAINST PUBLIX CAN AFFECT EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Introduction Publix is the sixth largest supermarket chain in the United States and the largest employee-owned supermarket chain in the country, it is a privately-held company which operates stores in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama and Tennessee. This supermarket chain was founded by George W. Jenkins in 1930 in Winter Haven, Florida, and currently operates 1073 supermarkets, 8 distribution centers and 5 manufacturing facility employing in excess of 162,000 employees. (figure 1.) Store Locations * Florida - 755 * Georgia - 180 * Alabama - 55 * South Carolina - 48 * Tennessee - 35 | Distribution Centers * Boynton Beach, FL * Miami, FL * Deerfield Beach, FL * Orlando, FL * Jacksonville, FL * Sarasota, FL * Lakeland, FL * Lawrenceville, GA | Manufacturing Facilities * Atlanta, GA - Bakery Plant * Deerfield Beach, FL - Dairy Plant, Fresh Foods * Jacksonville, FL - Fresh Foods * Lakeland, FL - Bakery Plant, Dairy Plant, Deli Kitchen, Fresh Foods, and Printing Services * Lawrenceville, GA - Dairy Plant | Publix Supermarket’s sales in 2012 were $27.5 billion this represented increase of 3.8 percent over 2011 sales and placed net earnings $1.6 billion, up 4% from 2011. Publix’s sales for the first half of 2013 were $14.5 billion, a 5 percent increase from last year’s $13.9 billion. In pursuit of achieving its mission statement “Our Mission at Publix is to be...
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...likeminded people who try to change the social norms with the use of force and coercion according to their wishes and beliefs. Terrorism has evolved through various stages referred to as Waves of Terrorism. The terrorists have not only improved their tactics but also their reach and impact. The present wave of terrorism can be likened to a “Spider and Starfish” analogy wherein the spider is the human society and government while the starfish is the terrorist organization. The former is conventional, hierarchically organization and centrally controlled while the latter is decentralized, loosely controlled and non hierarchical. An attempt shall be made to understand the waves of terrorism and the false assumptions regarding terrorism. The paper dilates upon historic transition of terrorism, false assumptions regarding terrorism and recommendations for defeating terrorism in Pakistan and the region. HISTORIC TRANISTION OF TERRORISM The phenomenon of terrorism existed since the Medieval Times. Acts of terrorism were not labeled in the classic sense as today but rather had different labels in different epoch. What started as random sporadic hit and run attacks, later transformed into more vicious acts of violence. These acts were simply aimed at mere arm-twisting for various concessions or goals set by the perpetuators of these terrorist organizations. The phenomenon underwent various transition stages, each lasting for roughly one to two decades according to world renowned scholar...
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...VERTICAL INTEGRATION IN TV BROADCASTING AND DISTRIBUTION SECTOR IN INDIA: A COMPETITION AUDIT ___________________________ INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED BY: AAKSHITA BANSAL AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AFFILIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, NEW DELHI UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: Dr. K. D. SINGH DEPUTY DIRECTOR (LAW) ____________________________ NEW DELHI JULY 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report is an effort made by me with the astute guidance of my mentor,. His valuable inputs and constant encouragement has inspired me to carry out this research fruitfully. He gave me his valuable time to discuss the facets of this topic and guided me towards an enlightening and holistic research. I also put on record my gratitude towards the library staff, which has provided me help and access to all the resourceful material for my research. I am indebted towards Competition Commission of India, for providing me an opportunity to have a learning experience. AAKSHITA BANSAL 1 DISCLAIMER This project report has been prepared by the author as an intern under the Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for the period of one month from 1st July 2013 to 31st July 2013, for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not reflect the views of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of...
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...AFX 5860 Assignment International Studies in Banking & Finance Visit 1: UN Food and Agricultural Organization [pic] Place: Rome Italy Brief Introduction: The Food and Agriculture Organizaiton of the United Nations (FAO) is a special agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. FAO acts as a forum where all nations meet equally to negotiate agreements and debate policy, it also a source of knowledge and information which help developed and developing countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices and ensure good nutrition for all (FAO, 2010). Rome Italy is head quarters. It has 191 member states as well as Europe Union and the Faroe Islands, which are associated members (FAO, 2010). FAO is composed of 8 different departments, the meeting is conducted by finance division. Relevant Key Points & Issues The fist half of the presentation briefly introduced the FAO’s role as UN’s agency, its structure, business environment and management. FAO’s mandate is contribute to the growth of world economy and to increase the level of nutrition, with the mission of helping build a food secure world. In order to achieve such mandates, they involves 4 activities which are putting information within reach, sharing policy expertise, providing a meeting place for nations and bringing knowledge to the field. It used result- based management which is an approach that integrates strategy, people,...
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...First Security Islami Bank Ltd” Submitted to Dr. Mohammad Fashiul Alam Professor Department of Management Faculty of Business Administration, University of Chittagong. Submitted by Muhammed Ehsanuzzaman Program: EMBA ID No – 09535071 Batch – 34th School of Business University of Information Technology & Sciences 40/1, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong. Submission Date This report is submitted as the partial fulfillment of EMBA program Letter of Submission September 0, 2011. To Dr. Mohammad Fashiul Alam Professor Department of Management Faculty of Business Administration, University of Chittagong. Subject: Submission of Research Paper Dear Sir, It is my pleasure to submit my Research Paper on “Overall Branch Banking and A Comprehensive Review on Investment of First Security Islami Bank Ltd “as a part of E.M.B.A. Program. I tried my best to gather relevant information for preparing a complete report by following internship proposal. Without the sincere co-operation and proper guidance of you, it is not possible for me to prepare the report. For this act of kindness I am grateful to you. This report is not free from mistake due to some limitations. I hope you will accept it with gracious consideration. Thank you. Sincerely yours Muhammed Ehsanuzzaman Program: EMBA ID No – 09535071 Batch – 34th School of Business University of Information Technology & Sciences Acknowledgement ...
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...Student Name: David Mc Namara. Title: Are we moving towards Assisted Suicide? “Those who have exhausted the end seek the right to die with dignity, this is a choice to die, which allows the body to speak its end rather than have that end dictated by the voice of an expert, legal or medical” (Hannifin. 2009, p.84) The person who seeks to die is, to paraphrase Foucault, ‘the Passenger par excellence: that is, the prisoner of the passage’ (Foucault. 1967, p.11) The European Convention on Human Rights sets out a number of fundamental rights and freedoms, right to life, prohibition of torture, prohibition of slavery and forced labour, right to liberty and security, right to a fair trial, no punishment without law, right to respect and family life, freedoms of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, right to marry, right to effective remedy, and prohibition of discrimination The Council of Europe produced the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in 1950. This body was formed in the aftermath of the Second World War to achieve unity among its members in such matters as the protection of fundamental rights. The Convention was drafted after the atrocities of the Second World War. The Convention was signed by the High Contracting Parties in 1950, and came into force in1953. It was ratified by the United Kingdom in 1957. Article 2 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental...
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...Drug Addiction Crime or Disease? Interim and Final Reports of the Joint Committee of the American Bar Association and the American Medical Association on Narcotic Drugs. INTERIM REPORT For the last half-century public authorities in the United States have been wrestling with the problem of controlling addiction to narcotic drugs. Since the twenties, legislation and enforcement policies have aimed at total repression, with criminal sanctions of notable severity attaching to every transaction connected with the non-medical use of drugs. Drug-law enforcement has become a major police activity of federal, state and local governments; the threat of long imprisonment, even of death penalties, hangs over not only the smuggler and the peddler, but the addict-victim of the illicit traffic. Addiction to narcotic substances has been recognized as a health problem for a long time and in many different countries. It has also in our times and in our national community, emerged as a criminal law problem of distressing magnitude and persistency. The fields of medicine and law are thus equally affected, and the Joint Committee which offers this report has undertaken its assignment with enthusiasm at the prospect of uniting its parent organizations in a common effort centered in an area where the concerns of each overlap and largely coincide. If the Joint Committee can contribute something towards mutual enlightenment and ultimate agreement between the medical and legal professions regarding...
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...How did increased competition affect credit ratings? Bo Becker Todd Milbourn Working Paper 09-051 Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 by Bo Becker and Todd Milbourn Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. How did increased competition affect credit ratings? Draft Date: September 15, 2010 Bo Becker and Todd Milbourn* Abstract. The credit rating industry has historically been dominated by just two agencies, Moody’s and S&P, leading to longstanding legislative and regulatory calls for increased competition. The material entry of a third rating agency (Fitch) to the competitive landscape offers a unique experiment to empirically examine how in fact increased competition affects the credit ratings market. Increased competition from Fitch coincides with lower quality ratings from the incumbents: rating levels went up, the correlation between ratings and market-implied yields fell, and the ability of ratings to predict default deteriorated. We offer several possible explanations for these findings that are linked to existing theories. Key words: Credit ratings; competition and reputation; information quality * Harvard Business School (Becker) and Washington University in St Louis (Milbourn). Contact author’s e-mail address: bbecker@hbs.edu. We wish to thank Pierluigi Balduzzi...
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...1.0 Executive Summary Air Africa is an establishing private limited African budget airline based on passenger and cargo air transportation service linking the whole southern and northern African region. We provide cheap and fast routes service to destinations within Africa with the aim to ease pressure on the middle and low income earners and give them an experience of also flying than resorting to bus and trains. Air Africa has healthy projected sales by the third year hopefully the market entrant would have been accepted and plans to transport 40 000 people monthly. It was started to provide and add and ease the transportation gap in the regional market. From our research we saw that there are some African routes which are not served or underserved so our Airline has targeted such destinations. Our customers are business executives and women who are involved in round tables were they sell products in different parts of the region to enhance cultural diversification. School children travelling within Africa to further education will not have the hassle of travelling by bus for long distances for example from Zimbabwe to Namibia which is a two day journey by road and will cost around US dollars 100. Tourist travelers who will be on the search of the African passion and wild life, Africa is well known for the BIG 5 and also possessing some wonders of the world and that’s the most rewarding trip of Africa to meet its people. Air Africa will cut the gap between the...
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...Submitted by: Submitted to: S Vasanth (CCBMDO/12-13/A21) Dr. Iragaravarapu Sridhar CCBMDO Batch: 09 Perspectives of Law and Business Assignment December 16, 2012 CORPORATE COMPLIANCE OF LABOUR LAWS INDEX PAGE No Cover Page with Contents 1 Introduction 2 Conceptual Discussions 3 Implementation of Labour Laws 6 Labour Laws Prevailing in Other Countries 26 Data Analysis & Interpretation 32 Conclusion & Recommendation 38 Bibliography 40 Chapter – 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Labour law also known as employment law is a body of laws, administrative rulings and precedents which address the legal rights of, and restrictions on, working people and their organisations. It mediates many aspects of the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees. In brief, Labour law defines the rights and obligations as workers, union members and employers in the workplace. Generally Labour law covers:- (a) Industrial Relations – Certification of Unions, Labour-management relations, collective bargaining and unfair labour practices (b) Workplace health and safety (c) Employment standards, including general holidays, annual leave, working hours, unfair dismissal, minimum wage, layoff procedures and severance pay. 2. There are two broad categories of Labour law. First, collective labour law relating to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer and...
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