Premium Essay

2800 Bc Soap

Submitted By
Words 182
Pages 1
In 2800 B.C., soap was created by from animal fat, oils, and salts but for the purpose of cleaning cooking utensils or used for medical purposes which is quite different how people today use and make soap. The object of this experiment is to replicate how soap was made from household items by using oil which then mixed with 20mL of 95% ethanol and 25mL of sodium hydroxide solution in a beaker which is placed on a hot pan to heat for about 15-20 minutes while continuously stirring the solutions together to form an off white yellowish mass. Next, the soap transferred to a vacuum filtration to drain water from the soap, which helped to test the stability of the soap by placing a pea size of soap, 4-6mL of 95% ethanol, and 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Mesopotami The Bronze Age

... 2013). The chariots, body armor, and helmets made of bronze were also used during the time of war to help the Mesopotamian armies outfitted themselves with bronze spears, arrows, swords, and shields. Bronze Age culture was called the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex in which the bronze agriculturalist made tools such as the plow used for farming that was more reliable than copper and stone ones. Bronze tools let early farmers bring better irrigation to their land, break apart the hard soil, and significantly increase the productivity of their crops. Mirrors of polished copper were crafted in Mesopotamia from 4000 BC, and in ancient Egypt from around 3000 BC for people to experience see themselves. However, Bronze Age, prompt for improvements that developmental innovation got commenced such as soap, rope, and locks. The soap was created around 2800 BC made of comprising of water, soluble base (alkali), and Cassia oil was composed on a Babylonian earth tablet (Khan, n. d.). However, the Egyptians mixed animal fat and vegetable oils with alkaline salts to make a cleanser like substance. Egyptians were the first civilization to create a rope date back to 4000 to 3500 B.C. made of filaments of date palms, flax, grass, papyrus, cowhide, and animal hair. The ropes were used by labors to pull a considerable number of overwhelming stones needed to assemble their landmarks (Khan, n. d.). The locks were found during the Bronze Age in ruins of Nineveh, the capital city of ancient...

Words: 557 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Orange Dishwashing Liquid

...EXTRACT AS AN ADDITIVE IN MAKING DISHWASHING SOAP A THESIS Submitted to the Faculty Ilocos Norte National High School Engineering and Science Education Program (ESEP) In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research I ABIGAIL RIO C. ACOBA IX – SSC RUTHERFORD CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE & BACKGROUND Background of the Study Soap is now considered as a regular need for almost all of the living human population across the world, mainly as softening agent and as a product for other personal hygiene purposes, wherein some are proven to be expensive and less effective. One of its kinds is dishwashing soap which we use in washing the dishes in removing the tough stains and grease that is all over the common kitchen tools we use in our everyday lives. It is a great help to minimize the time of removing those tough stains and grease on our kitchen tools. Buying and using the wrong dishwashing soap could put your family’s safety to danger. Your food could pick up a part of the residue that the dishwashing soap left and could cause food poisoning especially because most products contain chlorine in a dry form that is highly concentrated. It could also cause you a lot of skin damages such as unexpected whitening, rashes, and dry skin problems. Putting all of these aside, the question in everyone’s mind is, “What can be a lot safer, cheaper, and more effective ingredient in making and producing dishwashing soap for every one’s daily consumption. Jute...

Words: 2213 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Labs

...INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual MAIN VERSION, Eighth Edition Update CAT VERSION, Ninth Edition Update FETAL PIG VERSION, Ninth Edition Update ELAINE N. MARIEB, R.N., Ph.D Holyoke Community College SUSAN T. BAXLEY, M.A. Troy University, Montgomery Campus NANCY G. KINCAID, Ph.D Troy University, Montgomery Campus PhysioEx™ Exercises authored by Peter Z. Zao, North Idaho College Timothy Stabler, Indiana University Northwest Lori Smith, American River College Greta Peterson, Middlesex Community College Andrew Lokuta, University of Wisconsin—Madison San Francisco • Boston • New York Cape Town • Hong Kong • London • Madrid • Mexico City Montreal • Munich • Paris • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo • Toronto Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Project Editor: Sabrina Larson PhysioEx Project Editor: Erik Fortier Editorial Assistant: Nicole Graziano Managing Editor: Wendy Earl Production Editor: Leslie Austin Composition: Cecelia G. Morales Cover Design: Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Gordon Lee Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means...

Words: 120457 - Pages: 482

Free Essay

600 Mostl Used Words

...| 1 the 2 of 3 and 5 a 5 to 6 in 8 is 9 be 9 that 9 was 10 he 11 for 11 it 14 with 15 as 15 his 17 I 17 on 18 have 19 at 20 by 20 not 21 they 21 this 22 had 24 are 25 but 26 from 27 or 28 she 29 an 30 which 30 you 31 one 32 we 34 all 34 were 35 her 35 would 36 there 40 their 40 will 41 when 41 who 42 him 43 been 44 has 44 more 45 if 45 no 47 out 48 do 49 so 50 can 50 what 52 up 53 said 54 about 54 other 55 into 55 than 56 its 57 time 59 only 60 could 60 new 60 them ...

Words: 12086 - Pages: 49

Free Essay

Global Warming

...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright  2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...

Words: 233668 - Pages: 935

Free Essay

Working Capital

...Business Plans Handbook Business Plans A COMPILATION OF BUSINESS PLANS DEVELOPED BY INDIVIDUALS NORTH THROUGHOUT AMERICA Handbook VOLUME 16 Lynn M. Pearce, Project Editor Business Plans Handbook, Volume 16 Project Editor: Lynn M. Pearce Product Manager: Jenai Drouillard Product Design: Jennifer Wahi Composition and Electronic Prepress: Evi Seoud Manufacturing: Rita Wimberley Editorial: Erin Braun ª 2010 Gale, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Gale Customer Support, 1-800-877-4253. For permission to use material...

Words: 121839 - Pages: 488

Free Essay

Child Labour

...10000 quiz questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro 10000 general knowledge questions and answers 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Carl and the Passions changed band name to what How many rings on the Olympic flag What colour is vermilion a shade of King Zog ruled which country What colour is Spock's blood Where in your body is your patella Where can you find London bridge today What spirit is mixed with ginger beer in a Moscow mule Who was the first man in space What would you do with a Yashmak Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans Which animal lays eggs On television what was Flipper Who's band was The Quarrymen Which was the most successful Grand National horse Who starred as the Six Million Dollar Man In the song Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle What is Dick Grayson better known as What was given on the fourth day of Christmas What was Skippy ( on TV ) What does a funambulist do What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog What are bactrians and dromedaries Who played The Fugitive Who was the King of Swing Who was the first man to fly across the channel Who starred as Rocky Balboa In which war was the charge of the Light Brigade Who invented the television Who would use a mashie niblick In the song who killed Cock Robin What do deciduous...

Words: 123102 - Pages: 493

Premium Essay

Tytyj

...Chapter 2 ENERGY CONVERSION AND GENERAL ENERGY ANALYSIS W hether we realize it or not, energy is an important part of most aspects of daily life. The quality of life, and even its sustenance, depends on the availability of energy. Therefore, it is important to have a good understanding of the sources of energy, the conversion of energy from one form to another, and the ramifications of these conversions. Energy exists in numerous forms such as thermal, mechanical, electric, chemical, and nuclear. Even mass can be considered a form of energy. Energy can be transferred to or from a closed system (a fixed mass) in two distinct forms: heat and work. For control volumes, energy can also be transferred by mass flow. An energy transfer to or from a closed system is heat if it is caused by a temperature difference. Otherwise it is work, and it is caused by a force acting through a distance. We start this chapter with a discussion of various forms of energy and energy transfer by heat. We then introduce various forms of work and discuss energy transfer by work. We continue with developing a general intuitive expression for the first law of thermodynamics, also known as the conservation of energy principle, which is one of the most fundamental principles in nature, and we then demonstrate its use. Finally, we discuss the efficiencies of some familiar energy conversion processes, and examine the impact on energy conversion on the environment. Detailed treatments...

Words: 35895 - Pages: 144

Premium Essay

Probability

...Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists This page intentionally left blank Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists NINTH EDITION Ronald E. Walpole Roanoke College Raymond H. Myers Virginia Tech Sharon L. Myers Radford University Keying Ye University of Texas at San Antonio Prentice Hall Editor in Chief: Deirdre Lynch Acquisitions Editor: Christopher Cummings Executive Content Editor: Christine O’Brien Associate Editor: Christina Lepre Senior Managing Editor: Karen Wernholm Senior Production Project Manager: Tracy Patruno Design Manager: Andrea Nix Cover Designer: Heather Scott Digital Assets Manager: Marianne Groth Associate Media Producer: Vicki Dreyfus Marketing Manager: Alex Gay Marketing Assistant: Kathleen DeChavez Senior Author Support/Technology Specialist: Joe Vetere Rights and Permissions Advisor: Michael Joyce Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol Melville Production Coordination: Lifland et al. Bookmakers Composition: Keying Ye Cover photo: Marjory Dressler/Dressler Photo-Graphics Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Pearson was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Probability & statistics for engineers & scientists/Ronald E. Walpole . . . [et al.] — 9th ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-321-62911-1...

Words: 201669 - Pages: 807

Premium Essay

Business Research Method

...e eBook Collection RESEARCH METHODS FOR BUSINESS A Skill-Building Approach Fourth Edition Uma Sekaran Southern Illinois University at Carbondale John Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://www.wiley.com/college ACQUISITIONS EDITOR MARKETING MANAGER SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR SENIOR DESIGNER PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES COVER IMAGE Jeff Marshall Ilse Wolfe Patricia McFadden Harry Nolan Hermitage Publishing Services José Ortega/Stock Illustration Source This book was set in 10/12 Garamond by Hermitage Publishing Services and printed and bound by Malloy Lithographing, Inc. The cover was printed by Von Hoffmann Press, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM. To order books please...

Words: 136265 - Pages: 546

Free Essay

Green

...No. Nama Perguruan Tinggi AKADEMI AKUNTANSI PGRI JEMBER Nama Pengusul Sisda Rizqi Rindang Sari Program Kegiatan Judul Kegiatan 1 PKMK KUE TART CAENIS ( CANTIK, ENAK DAN EKONOMIS) BERBAHAN DASAR TAPE 2 AKADEMI FARMASI KEBANGSAAN Nensi MAKASSAR AKADEMI KEBIDANAN CITRA MEDIKA SURAKARTA AKADEMI KEBIDANAN GIRI SATRIA HUSADA AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN KERTA CENDIKA SIDOARJO AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN KERTA CENDIKA SIDOARJO AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN KERTA CENDIKA SIDOARJO Putri Purnamasari PKMK LILIN SEHAT AROMA KURINDU PANCAKE GARCINIA MANGOSTANA ( PANCAKE KULIT MANGGIS ) 3 PKMK 4 Latifah Sulistyowati PKMK Pemanfaatan Potensi Jambu Mete secara Terpadu dan Pengolahannya sebagai Abon Karmelin (Karamel Bromelin) : Pelunak Aneka Jenis Daging Dari Limbah Nanas Yang Ramah Lingkungan, Higienis Dan Praktis PUDING“BALECI”( KERES) MAKANAN BERSERATANTI ASAM URAT 5 Achmad PKMK Zainunddin Zulfi 6 Dian Kartika Sari PKMK 7 Radita Sandia PKMK Selonot Sehat (S2) Diit untuk Penderita Diabetes 8 AKADEMI PEREKAM Agustina MEDIK & INFO KES Wulandari CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM MEDIK & INFO KES Anton Sulistya CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM Eka Mariyana MEDIK & INFO KES Safitri CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM MEDIK & INFO KES Ferlina Hastuti CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM Nindita Rin MEDIK & INFO KES Prasetyo D CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM MEDIK & INFO KES Sri Rahayu CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PERIKANAN YOGYAKARTA PKMK Kasubi Wingko Kaya Akan Karbohidrat...

Words: 159309 - Pages: 638