...According to the Humane Society, registration of a single pesticide requires more than 50 experiments and the use of as many as 12,000 animals (11 Facts). Up to 90% of animals used in U.S. labs are not even counted in the official statistics of animals tested (11 Facts). The animals that are tested are injected with an infection to find a cure. Testing is not always reliable though. Sometimes animal’s bodies do not react the same. This can cause very misleading results. A mouse may react positively to a treatment while a bird may have a negative reaction. These types of treatments are often put on the back burner (Wpadmin). Another way animal testing is not reliable is that 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials because they are too dangerous or don’t work (11...
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...Humans have used animals for different uses. They have been used for food, clothing farm work and a variety of other uses. So using them to test new medical advances is different. Animal testing for medical purpose help saves lives and future generations. Animal testing should be continued for the use within the medical field. The ancient Greeks believed that animals were created by the gods to be used however people wish. The Bible says God gave man dominions “over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping things that creeps on the earth” (Genesis 9:1-3). The ancient Greeks and Romans influenced the laws of western civilization. The western civilization had no laws saying what you could not do to an animal no matter how cruel or unnecessary the act was (Thorburn). To some people animals have no rights at all while to others animals have rights and should not fell unnecessary pain and suffering. The people who believe animals have no rights; and use them just for their benefits but there is a line that should not be crossed animals do have feelings and some rights. The new movement of animal right groups has some good points like human like primates should not be used in testing like chimpanzees. The first law put in place by western civilizations was in the Massachusetts Bay colony. The law states that it is illegal to exercise any tyranny or cruelty towards any animal which are kept for use by humans...
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...Abstract Corporations and research laboratories have conducted many harmful acts on animals. Some animal rights groups have fought to stop these parties they include the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, the Animal Liberation Front, PAWS, and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Suffering and Exploitation and Trans-Species Unlimited. There are various different tactics used by these animal rights groups. They range from raising awareness, to lobbying to public demonstrations, against institutions which have taken advantage of helpless animals. Public demonstrations were the most effective. 1 Hurt Fido and Suffer the Consequences: Tactics and Impacts of the Animal Rights Movement “I care not much for a man’s religion whose dog and cat are not the better for it”- said Abraham Lincoln. Animals are abused around the world, in circuses they are used in tricks. The American Museum of Natural History inflicted male cat’s brains with lesions to give the cat sexual urges for other species. The best known animal rights movement in the world is, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) which was founded in March, 1980, in Norfolk, Virginia by Ingrid Newirk and Alex Pacheco. The Animal Liberation Front, founded in 1976, by Ronnie Lee, has received the reputation of being the most violent organization when saving animal, along with, Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) and the Trans-Species Unlimited (TSU) the...
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...INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual MAIN VERSION, Eighth Edition Update CAT VERSION, Ninth Edition Update FETAL PIG VERSION, Ninth Edition Update ELAINE N. MARIEB, R.N., Ph.D Holyoke Community College SUSAN T. BAXLEY, M.A. Troy University, Montgomery Campus NANCY G. KINCAID, Ph.D Troy University, Montgomery Campus PhysioEx™ Exercises authored by Peter Z. Zao, North Idaho College Timothy Stabler, Indiana University Northwest Lori Smith, American River College Greta Peterson, Middlesex Community College Andrew Lokuta, University of Wisconsin—Madison San Francisco • Boston • New York Cape Town • Hong Kong • London • Madrid • Mexico City Montreal • Munich • Paris • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo • Toronto Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Project Editor: Sabrina Larson PhysioEx Project Editor: Erik Fortier Editorial Assistant: Nicole Graziano Managing Editor: Wendy Earl Production Editor: Leslie Austin Composition: Cecelia G. Morales Cover Design: Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Gordon Lee Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means...
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...Heidi Novack October 24, 2010 Italian Renaissance: Journal 3 Leonardo's Anatomical Studies The synthesis of art and science, at the time of Leonardo DaVinci, was not so difficult as modern contemporaries may perceive. In Fritjof Capra's work, “The Science of Leonardo”, he claims “Leonardo insisted again and again that the 'art', or skill, of painting must be supported by the painter's 'science', or sound knowledge of living forms, by his intellectual understanding of their intrinsic nature and underlying principles” (Capra 34). In his notebooks, the main subject is sketches, with notes and a short writing on each. While Leonardo began his dissections for the purpose of art, his study of the human form did not end there. Methods of his analysis include dissection, wax castings, models, and sketches: his subsequent findings are even more diverse. Leonardo was truly a pioneer in anatomical studies. In order to better understand the body, Leonardo looked at what made up the body, how it moved. The initial purpose of his anatomical studies and dissections was to more accurately depict movement, gestures, and expressions in his paintings (Capka). This led to numerous sketches of human limbs, with skin and without, and through successive layers of musculature. One of his sketches depicts a comparison of a human leg to a horse's leg, both a skeletal sketch and an anatomically correct depiction of each: historically, this is the first account of comparative anatomy...
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...What is Cloning? Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of their DNA is identical. Clones can happen naturally—identical twins are just one of many examples. Or they can be made in the lab. Below, find out how natural identical twins are similar to and different from clones made through modern cloning technologies. How Is Cloning Done? Many people first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheep showed up on the scene in 1997. Artificial cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly, though. There are two ways to make an exact genetic copy of an organism in a lab: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. 1. Artificial Embryo Twinning Artificial embryo twinning is a relatively low-tech way to make clones. As the name suggests, this technique mimics the natural process that creates identical twins. In nature, twins form very early in development when the embryo splits in two. Twinning happens in the first days after egg and sperm join, while the embryo is made of just a small number of unspecialized cells. Each half of the embryo continues dividing on its own, ultimately developing into separate, complete individuals. Since they developed from the same fertilized egg, the resulting individuals are genetically identical. Artificial embryo twinning uses the same approach, but it is carried out in a Petri dish instead of inside the mother. A very early embryo is separated into individual cells, which are allowed...
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...able to transfer the good of all of this barbaric treatment to help humans and animals. Animals don’t deserve to be in pain and given diseases with a death sentence to try to prove that a certain medicine or product might work. Animals have feelings just like us humans. I challenge you to tell or even show me that your dog or cat does not have feelings or its own personality. You can’t do it. Why would that cat run or dog go curl up under a table when you yell at them for doing something wrong? Because, they have feelings and know right from wrong. They were taught this from a young age just like we teach our own children to behave. There are alternative testing methods in today’s world that can replace the need for animal use. There are labs that do studying of cell structures in a petri dish. In-Vitro (in glass) testing. This type of testing can produce more relevant results than animal testing because human cells can be used. Micro dosing, the administering of doses too small to cause adverse reactions, can be used in human volunteers, whose blood is then analyzed. Artificial human skin, such as the commercially available products EpiDerm and ThinCert, is made from sheets of human skin cells grown in test tubes or plastic wells and can produce more useful results than testing chemicals on animal skin....
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...Genetically Modified Organisms Andre Thomas Soc/215 10-14-15 Dr. Melisha Plummer Genetically Modified Organisms Much has been written about genetically modified organisms. These are commonly known as GMOs. Genetically modified organisms have some positive attributes. However, GMOs also have adverse effects on animals, the environment and the health of the consumer. In order to understand why GMOs have these effects, it is important to know exactly what a GMO is and how these differ from the normal breeding farmers have done for years. The Free Dictionary defines a GMO as “An organism whose genetic characteristics have been altered using the techniques of genetic engineering.” It goes on to explain that modern science has the ability to modify the genetic makeup of plants and animals. Scientists can even transfer genes from one species to another. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/genetically+modified+organism Advocates of genetically modified organisms say that the use of the gmos could end world hunger they also say we could create plants and animals that are resistant to disease and tolerant to pesticides. They can also engineer plants to be drought resistant. They argue these changes would stop famine because the plants could naturally resist. The proponents use pathos to convince people they have the answer to world hunger. They show you pictures starving people around the world and tell you their “improved” seeds make hunger go away. Perhaps it could but the studies...
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...Gender Inequality in Modern Day Cartoons Children often enjoy waking up extra early on Saturday and Sunday mornings because they know that they can enjoy warm pancakes, bacon, and eggs, and especially early morning cartoons. Weekend morning cartoons are always enjoyable to watch because they are simply hilarious. They usually consist of funny and innocent violence that is meant to attract a younger audience. Children are able to watch cartoons carelessly and laugh, not realizing how gender inequality or even racism is displayed in cartoons today. Research by Jerry A. Jacobs and Kathleen Gerson (2004) states that “gender inequality exists typically when women have less power than men or vice versa, and this can either be at home, school, or in the workplace” (p. 89). Gender inequality is socially constructed meaning people respond to changing behaviors in society. Cecilia L. Ridgeway (1997) researches that gender inequality is in fact socially constructed and she states “a part of that is learning how to display masculinity or femininity, which is seen or learned. For example, stereotypically, men are more focused with physical strength while woman are more focused on how they present themselves as viewing objects” (p. 225). Cartoon Network, a popular television network for children plays various cartoons such as The Flintstones, Dexter’s Laboratory, Johnny Bravo, Thundercats, and more. Although all of these cartoons are hilarious because of the characters and the dialect...
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...EXTERNAL ANALYSIS of the PHILIPPINES Filipinos are food lover. Filipinos do not consider it a meal if rice is not served. Plain steamed rice is the basis of the diet. Three crops a year are harvested to provide enough rice for the population, and the government keeps surpluses stored for times of drought. Salt water and freshwater of fish and shellfish are eaten daily, served either fresh or salted. Fish, chicken and pork are usually fried, although people are becoming more health-conscious and often choose alternative methods of cooking. Garlic is added to food because it is considered healthful. Filipino food is not spicy. All food is cooked on gas burners or wood or charcoal fires and is allowed to get cold before it is eaten. Rice is cooked first, since it takes longer. When it is ready, rice will be placed on the table while the next items of the meal are prepared and served. Table knives are not used. Forks and spoons are used for dining. The food is eaten from a spoon. The traditional method of placing food on a banana leaf and eating with one's hands is also used throughout the country. It is acceptable to eat food with one's hands at restaurants as well as in the home. Breakfast is served at 6 A.M. and consists of food left over from the night before. It is not reheated. Eggs and sausage are served on special occasions. Small buns called pan de sol may be purchased from vendors early in the morning. At midmorning and in the afternoon, people eat merienda. Since Filipinos...
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...Ruiz 1 History 12 17 June 2015 Nikola Tesla: The Father Of Electricity Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in what is today the Republic of Croatia. Tesla grew up in a time where young men had two choices in their lifelong professions, join the army or be a priest. His dad being a priest, one would think a young Tesla would follow in his footsteps, but he didn’t. Luckily for Tesla his love and passion for electricity and inventing would lead him to Joanneum Polytechnic School in Graz, Austria. This is where his professor Jacob Poeschi brought a generator to his physics class and author Stephanie Sammartino McPherson states in her book ar of The Currents that while W watching the dynamo perform, Tesla thought it was needlessly complicated (page 16). When Tesla voiced his opinion, his teacher didn’t like that very much. Poeschi would spent the rest of the class explaining why Tesla’s idea would not work. Tesla was humiliated by the criticism of his teacher, but he didn’t let it sway him.He believed in his heart that he could make a system for powering machines with alternating current. There is something about great thinkers and the way they use criticism and negative energy to fuel their own inventive power, and Tesla was no exception. One afternoon while walking through the park in Budapest with a good friend. The setting sun brought on a spark of inspiration inside Tesla's mind. Dropping to the ground, he grabbed a nearby twig and started to draw a diagram in the dirt...
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...MDMA Influence and Clinical Implications Northern Illinois University Sassalee Tate and Arlilian Tisden Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify causing factors of Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) addictions. MDMA has a target population of young adults, more specifically college students. The drug has been used to distort perception and create a euphoric sensation among users. MDMA was not created for recreational usage, but to treat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). Through MDMA’s growing popularity referenced in social media as “Molly” the clinical intention has been depleted. Introduction Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been highly influential on society throughout the course of time. The drug has served multiple purposes such as a psychotherapeutic treatment and recreational usage. MDMA provides a euphoric experience for participants, heightening their emotional status at the time of ingestion. MDMA has become extremely potent and easily accessible to youth and young adults. This once military based substance has become a mainstream party drug. Many refer to MDMA as “Molly” or “Ecstasy”. The drug appears as a powdered substance withheld in a capsule or tablet. Most individuals administer the drug orally. Due to popularity in social media, MDMA’s use among young adults has increased. History MDMA was first introduced and produced by Merck in 1912, a manufacturer and pharmaceutical corporation (Bouso, Doblin, Farré, Alcázar &...
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...Text Book Question 1a) Some of the consequences of having such a large population is that the demand for food will be very high, also they may dominate the food source causing other animals to have a lower number of food supplies. 1b) Allow people to hunt there geese and bring in animals that would eat geese. 2a) Some of the challenges for biologists are that when they migrate they travel very long distances and keeping up with them may be very hard. Another challenge is that because whales go underwater there are chances of have a miscount. 2b) The challenge with estimating the population of algae is due to their small size and their large number. 2c) The biggest challenge with Caribou is the environment they live in. The mountain terrain would be very difficult to estimate their population. 2d) When trying to estimate amphibians the challenges biologists run into are that they are very good at hiding and they are very fast. Another problem is that they can be very dangerous. 3a) Clumped pg 675 1) Natality affects the increase in the population size while mortality affects the decrease in the population. immigration and emigration will affect the amount of people who come into and leave a population. 2) Density-dependent factors are those that influence population regulation, having a greater impact as population density increases or decreases. Density-independent factors are those that influence population regulation regardless of population density...
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...Linda Covarrubias Elaina Westegaard ENG-123-X1530 17 November 2015 How Are GMOs Affecting the Environment and Our Health? Food has been one of the basic needs since the birth of a person. History shows that the production of food only consisted of hunting, harvesting, and farming. During these times, it usually took a long time before these foods arrived at the dining tables of families. However, today, technology has allowed the mass production of food. Unfortunately, the market has taken advantage of technology, not letting us know how food is made, leading to the birth of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). GMOs are widely used in most foods today. Though most people are unaware of this, GMOs even exist in some of their favorite food products. Many reports tell that diseases, such as E-Coli and Salmonella, have been caught from GM-foods. Furthermore, researchers and doctors believe that GMOs carry a huge risk; although, some scientists claim that GMOs are completely safe for human consumption. GMOs should be banned because they have a negative impact on human health, and potential risks on the environment. Although GMOs were only introduced in 1996, the side effects can already be seen: there have been increased allergic reactions, antibiotic resistant bacteria and other toxic hazards. While these side effects of GMOs may seem minuscule in the grand scheme of things, the lasting effects can be much more drastic. More and more children are having life-threatening allergies...
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...UTAR FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell Biology Trimester 1 How YOU can do well in BIOLOGY Follow the 4A’s and you can expect A’s. A ttitude • Attend ALL lectures, tutorials and practicals on time without fail. • Be attentive in class and revise your notes after class while the topic is still fresh in your mind. Why waste time re-reading 2-3 months later? • Do your assignments faithfully as they carry marks for the finals. • Come prepared for lessons (i.e. read up beforehand). • Read up beforehand before attending lectures so that you won’t be lost and wasted hours of your life week after week. • Why stress yourself out if you can avoid it? Do NOT count on last minute revision for tests and examinations, as it will be too late to catch up and seek help in areas where you may find confusing or unclear of. • Why panic before exams because you can’t find this or that? Keep separate files for lecture, tutorial and practical. File up the respective notes systematically so that you do not lose them along the semester. • Do you expect the lecturer/ tutor to be available all the time to answer your questions? It is YOUR responsibility to take the initiative to clear your doubts or satisfy your curiosity to understand certain scientific phenomena by reading up on the relevant topics. A Based on a true story… A professor at the National University of Singapore recounts how on one occasion a student consulted him days before the exam. Student:...
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