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353 Epigenetic Analysis

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Although the DNA in our genes is considered to be the heritable genetic material, other factors, including the environment are considered to play an important role in the activity and expression of those genes. Summarize the role that epigenetics & developmental epigenetics play in health & disease.

Epigenetic modifications are a dynamic process reflecting a complex interplay between an organism and its environment. For example, the acetylation of lysine residues in histone subunits usually can result in promoting gene transcription, or the methylation of Lys9 or Lys27 of histone H3 is correlated with gene repression. However, the methylation of Lys4, Lys36, or Lys79 of H3 is ordinarily associated with gene activity[44]. The heritable quantity of gene expressions is about 30%, while this percentage is decreased to about 23% in cells grown in culture. Such associations between methylation levels and genetic variations have …show more content…
Studies of 353 epigenetic markers (DNA methylation of CpG dinucleotide) in DNA have made it possible to predict the ageing of tissues.
Epigenetics and environment

Epigenome generally comprises all epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as non-coding RNAs at any given point in time. The cell epigenome is dynamic and can be affected by genetic and environmental factors. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications can be reversible, which makes the genome flexible to respond to environment changes such as nutrition, stress, toxicity, exercise, and drugs
One of the nutritional components in food, which plays a major role in methylation, is folate. Folate can influence methionine production by homocysteine remethylation in the form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. It has been reported that folate defect or shortage can enhance colorectal carcinogenesis through hypomethylation of genomic DNA.
Epigenetics and human

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