...BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian Dengan adanya perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, sangatlah memungkinkan bagi suatu perusahaan untuk dapat lebih meningkatkan sumber daya manusianya serta pemanfaatan sumber daya manusia untuk mendapatkan hasil dari pencapaian suatu tujuan. Pencapaian tujuan ini tidak selalu dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Karena itu pemanfaatan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dalam kegiatan usaha, disamping memberikan hasil yang positif, juga dapat menimbulkan hasil yang merugikan. Dengan adanya pembagian kerja secara spesialisasi misalnya, akan memungkinkan terjadinya peningkatan hasil, baik kualitas maupun kuantitas. Kinerja kerja pegawai dalam bekerja dapat menurun. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kebosanan, kurangnya kesadaran arti pentingnya memahami manusia, serta adanya kecenderungan menganggap manusia sebagai mesin. Hal-hal mengenai sumber daya manusia seperti inilah yang memerlukan perhatian dan pemikiran yang sungguh-sungguh, agar diperoleh suatu cara yang terbaik dalam mengatasinya. Setiap perusahaan, baik perusahaan negara maupun perusahaan swasta, perusahaan besar maupun perusahaan kecil, akan selalu berusaha agar para karyawan yang dipekerjakan pada perusahaan tersebut memiliki kepuasan kerja yang tinggi. Kepuasan kerja karyawan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor seperti lingkungan tempat karyawan tersebut bekerja, rekan kerja yang mendukung serta kenyamanan yang diberikan perusahaan kepada karyawannya. Dengan demikian...
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...Performance Appraisal Systems Rohit Soni - 153 Nishita Shenoy - 141 Index S. No. | Particulars | Page No. | 1 | Overview | 1 | 2 | Introduction to Performance Management | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Citi India began operations over a century ago in 1902 in Kolkata and today is a significant foreign investor in the Indian financial market. Operating 44 full-service Citibank branches in 28 cities, it is the preferred banker to 45,000 small and mid-sized companies Citi India, with around 11,000 employees, is headquartered at First International Financial Centre (FIFC), a world-class environmentally friendly building. Citi serves the full spectrum of clients - from helping India's top global corporations commit capital, make markets and manage their global cash positions to supporting the growth ambitions of the country's small and mid-sized enterprises and enabling individuals and households save, invest, spend, borrow and protect their money with trust and confidence. Citi India's products and services are organized under two major segments: Institutional Clients Group (ICG) and Global Consumer Bank (GCB). With 2.3 million cards in force and 16% share in card spends, Citibank offers a suite of market first premium, rewards and affinity credit cards. Citi Wealth Advisors offers brokerage services to retail customers Citi India posted Profit After Tax of INR 2,893 crores for fiscal year 2014. Performance Management...
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...Outline for Climate Change Introduction: Why does climate change matter? Biochemically speaking, why is temperature so important? Temperature is critical to biochemical reactions, because it determines the effectiveness of the enzymes controlling the reactions. What is an ectotherm? ectotherms, organisms whose body temperature depends on the surrounding environment. What is the connection between performance and temperature in ectotherms? For these organisms, how fast they grow,1 how quickly they move,2,3 and almost everything else about their behavior and functioning is affected by external temperatures. What is the Goldilocks principle? And to what can it be applied when it comes to temperature? Goldilocks principle when the temperature is just right, enzyme activity is maximized. It is the optimum temperature, where an enzyme or things work at its best. Can be applied to enzymes, performance, population growth rates. How does temperature relate to species richness? As temperature increases the species richness (the number of species in a given area) increases So, what’s the big deal? many biological processes exhibit the same basic hump-shaped relationship with temperature, in which temperatures that are too low or too high impair or sometimes even terminate critical biological processes.1This is why climate change is the focus of so much scientific research. Part 1: Detecting climate change What is the difference between weather and climate? How is this...
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...according to established criteria. Then, teams engage in a project that integrates collaborative and reflective practice in the following steps: • Identify a problem or need that exists in your emerging doctoral community. The identified problem or need should be intrinsic and unique to your specific cohort. Your team must provide empirical evidence of the problem or need. • Design an intervention to address the problem or need. The intervention’s design should include a systematic means of qualitatively assessing the intervention’s effect and a means of implementing changes to the intervention to ensure its long-term effectiveness in the community. In other words, build into the design explicit opportunities for praxis-oriented feedback loops and adjustments throughout the implementation process. • As a team, critically reflect on the team dynamics and processes that emerged during your teamwork. For example, what kinds of power exist in the team, and where does power reside? How does the team privilege or silence voices? Whose voices are privileged or silenced? What kinds of authority does the team use, and where does that authority reside? What tensions exist between explicit and implicit dynamics and processes? • As a team, articulate ideas for responding to and addressing issues of previously identified team dynamics and processes. Be prepared to test these ideas during the Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in Motion: Part Two assignment due in Workshop...
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...want to do it! In management, control has a different meaning. It is simply an information system that provides valuable feedback. In your textbook, control is defined as “the process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations” (Robbins et al., page 308). In other words, you measure the results you are getting and compare this with your objectives and then make any necessary adjustments. Managers who control the finances of an organization are often referred to as “controllers.” These managers use financial control measures on a daily basis. Project managers also use control mechanisms to monitor their projects. Control measures are determined at the beginning of a project and used throughout the life of a project to monitor time, budget, and project scope. The control measures give the project team valuable feedback on how they are doing. Just as feedback is a critical component in good communication, feedback is also a key factor in developing management controls. Measurement controls can be set up in virtually any area of an organization. One area that most people have experience with is the annual performance appraisal. An employee’s direct manager has traditionally conducted performance appraisals. Some companies are now successfully implementing a 360-degree feedback process, which involves other employees in the performance appraisal. Why is Control important? Control is important because...
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...GENERAL DESCRIPTION Autopilot is an automatic flight control system that keeps an aircraft in level flight or on a set course. It can be directed by the pilot, or it may be coupled to a radio navigation signal. Autopilot reduces the physical and mental demands on a pilot and increases safety. The common features available on an autopilot are altitude and heading hold. The simplest systems use gyroscopic attitude indicators and magnetic compasses to control servos connected to the flight control system. The number and location of these servos depends on the complexity of the system. For example, a single-axis autopilot controls the aircraft about the longitudinal axis and a servo actuates the ailerons. A three-axis autopilot controls the aircraft about the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical axes. Three different servos actuate ailerons, elevator, and rudder. More advanced systems often include a vertical speed and/or indicated airspeed hold mode. Advanced autopilot systems are coupled to navigational aids through a flight director. The autopilot system also incorporates a disconnect safety feature to disengage the system automatically or manually. These autopilots work with inertial navigation systems, global positioning systems (GPS), and flight computers to control the aircraft. In fly-by-wire systems, the autopilot is an integrated component. Additionally, autopilots can be manually overridden. Because autopilot systems differ widely in their operation, refer to the autopilot...
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...Case; Romeo Engine Plant ( REP) Team: ( process - color code) Swamy – black Bhupesh K – green Sreenivas – Blue Sajith – orange Biju – consolidate A-1) Romeo Quality Process (RQP) has the objective of ensuring customer expectations are met by understanding their product preference and deploying it in the manufacturing process. RQP is a disciplined approach to total process design and planning to achieve minimum in-process variation and deliver to the customers zero defect engines. Continuous production and quality process improvement:- Flexible work assignment and commitment to production Waste and scarp elimination Cost reduction activities Increased thru put by removing bottleneck A-2) Forming teams responsible for manufacturing, engineering, Quality Control, Production systems and supplier relationships. Laid down target levels for product and process characteristics adapting a Zero defects philosophy. Defective engines during the manufacturing process were scrapped adapting a no rework approach. Engine Exchange Program ; In case of engines which are already delivered to the customer or are already fitted into cars, where there are problems which cannot be solved by minor repair, engines are exchanged with new ones and the complaint ones are brought to the factory for evaluation. Complaint form and Action plan; Quality problem are logged in to a complaint form and action plan were prepared. Action...
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...way the person relaying the information will transmit it. It’s upon him or her to decide if to treat it as positive or negative feedback. The person who treats it as positive feedback has the ability to change the areas that need change without much resistance and while the person who perceives the feedback as negative will tend to bend low with a dwindled self-esteem and may end up reacting in a depressing manner. When the information being communicated is a critique, the recipient is also the determinant as to whether, the feedback will bring a change in the person or he or she will react to the information. Openness to feedback is a challenge to many people today since when one speaks about their personal experiences they fear being judged inappropriately. In the work place, workers are afraid of getting back information because they fear being perceived as weak, uncertain and deficient of confidence. Therefore, they tend to evade returning information that would result to change and that would bring about positive outcome in the organization (Reeves, D. B., 2006). Some factors that may make an individual to react negatively is lack of self-esteem and the inability to pick out their strengths and utilize the information they get about their mistakes to build more vigor on them. The moment a person incorporates a negative attitude during feedback, the intended impact is distorted. Willingness to disclose information is inherent within a person. When a person decides to give...
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...KTH Homework assignment ME2028 Behavioral Management Control Andreas Torbiörnsson 09 How could each of the control problems at Leo´s Four-Plex Theater be solved with the use of Cultural control? Cultural control is a type of control that encourages mutual monitoring1 and it builds a lot upon group pressure. The main idea of cultural control is to get the employees to watch over each other and to create a culture that has certain things that you specifically do or don’t do. It aims to set up shared beliefs and norms in that company, rules of behaving that everyone abides by. The case of Leo’s Four-Plex Theater has a number of control problems that I can identify. They are as follows: Discrepancies in the cash counts of the ticket booths. Most likely caused by a lack of motivation that leads to employee theft and neglecting of duties. The employees working in the refreshment stand sometimes do not collect cash from customers or doesn’t register the sale on the cash register. This is also most likely caused by a lack of motivation, it can’t be lack of direction since they know what they should do and neither could it be a personal limitation since they know how to operate the machine and how to collect payment. The problem seems to be that they don’t know why they should collect the cash. Test counts reveal that the number of tickets sold or put into the stub box isn’t equal to the amount of customers entering and leaving the theater. This seemed to be caused by three...
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...Table of content Case summary 3 Quality at book stores 4 Quality problems of the stores 5 Parato Analysis 6 Book stores costs of poor quality 8 Reasons for doing the Survey the way it was done 9 Programs to improve quality 11 Obstacles to hinder the changes at the book stores and quality improvement 13 Benefits can be obtained from quality improvement programs 14 Case summary Tech is a major state university which owns 2 book stores one on campus and one off campus at a nearby mall. Both stores sell school supplies, text books, school apparels and gifts and both the stores have customers inside as well as outside the university. With the aim of providing employment opportunities to the university students there is a long standing policy of hiring tech students as part time employees. Although sales and profits of off campus store have been satisfactory and steady over past years there has been some incidents which can affect the quality of the service they provide. Therefore the executive director, Mr. Watson has taken some actions in finding the problems and the reasons behind. Survey results have shown that there are some issues regarding the quality of the service of off campus book store and following are survey findings, critical evaluation and some recommendations for improvements… Quality at book stores Book stores fall under the category of retailers as they buy books and other stationary materials and sell them to end...
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...Amazon.com's E-business Model by: Rebecca Hovanec Instructor: Veronica Brown-Corbin Business 508: The Business Enterprise April 28, 2011 Pros and Cons of Amazon's Diversification Amazon’s growth and diversification is unusual if only because it happened gradually and no one was expecting that it took off like it did. There have been both pros and cons to this growth. Since it was done gradually, there was little chance for it to backfire on Amazon. The design of the marketplace can help to influence success by improving the flow of information, thereby reducing stress and enabling buyers and sellers to function more effectively (McMillan, 2002). By setting the main page to show favorites based on prior purchases, Amazon was building a loyal customer base from which they could try different marketing and selling strategies with. The company used this customer base to expand and diversify, based on their needs and wants. They have also allowed small businesses and individuals to partner up with them to expand business even more. They helped to pioneer the Business to Consumer e-business during a time when many dot coms were going by the wayside. In doing this, Amazon provides better risk control in an ever changing economic climate by not being reliant on a single market. The cons of diversification include a lack of basic knowledge of a new industry, having double the sales team, and may be incompatible businesses (Diversification in Business, 2011). All Amazon...
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...appraisal serves a twofold purpose: (1) to improve employees’ work performance by helping them realize and use their full potential in carrying out their firms’ missions and (2) to provide information to employees and managers for use in making work-related decisions.” (Cascio, 2006, p.379) A performance appraisal form will allow a formal review to be conducted and recorded of an employee’s job performance. The proposed performance appraisal form for our sales team is attached. Feedback Feedback is an important tool that must be utilized to develop an effective performance and career management plan. Feedback is necessary to sustain and improve employee job performance. Performance appraisal feedback must be a two way process and done on a regular basis. Feedback should be specific to recognized elements of performance (Cascio, 2006). Negative feedback must always include a list of positive things the employee can do to correct the behavior or the problem. Any individual feedback will be done on a one-on-one basis as needed following weekly and monthly team meetings as well as in the employee’s performance...
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...Four Types of Control Mechanisms Control mechanisms are used to monitor progress and evaluate performance. System control, Bureaucratic control, Market control, and Clan control are all mechanisms that Target use to operate at peak performance. System control uses a set of procedures designed and established to check or regulate a resource or system. Bureaucratic control consists of formal rules and regulations that establish authority. It also set standards and regulate employee behavior through rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, reward systems, and other formal mechanisms used to also influence employee performance. Examples of the bureaucratic control system could be audits or Code of Business Conducts. Market control adjusts activities by analyzing the competition, analyzing profit and loss and converting economic information. Some examples of market control would be cash flow statements, budgets, marketing research, sales analysis, etc. Clan control, the opposite of bureaucratic control, embodies cultural values, beliefs, corporate culture, shared values, traditions, professional standards and even informal relationships to aid the reaching of organizational goals and control behavior. A few examples of clan control would be dress styles and work hours. A real life example can be seen with the success of Japanese firms recently which American corporations began to take note of and even emulate. Because Japanese firms operate more like families...
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...its clients in a more unified way. Employees have become the main source that helps Morgan Stanley to achieve it. Organizations are changing fast - diversity is valued as a critical component of a business environment that encourages new and innovative approaches to accomplishing organization’s mission. Morgan Stanley has a target to be the best investment bank worldwide and to be a company of choice for clients, people and shareholders. The company gives a big importance on offering the best products and professional services but because of daily global changes it was necessary for Morgan Stanley to identify the strengths, weaknesses, and areas needing professional development what is the most important benefit of 360 degree employee feedback. One...
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...Management control systems provide information that is intended to be useful to managers in performing their jobs and to assist organizations in developing and maintaining viable patterns of behaviour. Any assessment of the role of such information therefore requires consideration of how managers make use of the information being provided to them. management control describes a feedback process of planning, objective setting, monitoring, feedback and corrective action to ensure that outcomes are in accordance with plans. Two attempts have been made in the past to link this framework with strategy. The first is Anthony’s ( 1965, 1988) - strategies are taken as given and management control systems motivate, monitor and report on their implementation. Another attempt to couple strategy and management control can be seen in the concept of strategic control. Strategic control has been described as a system to assess the relevance of the organization’s strategy to its goals, and when discrepancies exist, to highlight areas needing attention. My research indicates that management control systems are not only important for strategy implementation, but also for strategy formation. I define management control systems, therefore, to recognize that these systems are more than devices of constraint and monitoring: management control systems are the formalized procedures and systems that use information to maintain or alter patterns in organizational activity. Using this definition, these...
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