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3d Printers

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3-D PRINTERS
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INTRODUCTION
A 3D printer is a machine used to create 3D objects from digital files. The designer creates a 3D image of the object in a CAD software or scans the object using a 3D scanner then uploads the file to the 3D printer (3D Printing, n.d.). The printer then slices the object into layers which are then used to print out the object. 3D printers were initially known as rapid prototyping technology as they emerged into the manufacturing industry in the early 1980’s. Little was known about this technology but it was promising because as an additive manufacturing technique, it reduced lead time. The lead time is the time between the ordering and the getting of a product by the consumer (Definition of Lead Time and Cycle Time, 2010). This is highly reduced due to little or no machining of the component. 3D printing reduces material wastage and finishing operations on the manufactured object. This has encouraged the manufacturing sector to welcome it with open arms because it also saves on money, maximizes profits and reduces any needed man power compared to the subtractive techniques (welding, filing, drilling etc.) being employed. Printing in 3D is essential in the upcoming world. Till recently, a designer does not need to design and then manufacture the component in order to sell or present it to potential consumers. This technique has enabled creating of Open Source Hardware platforms, where an idea created in Russia can be perfected by another in Japan and downloaded, printed and used by someone in any part of the world in a spun of minute

3-D PRINTER’S FUTURE TREND
Having been in use for almost 30 years, 3D printing has been embraced as an effective manufacturing technology in a number of fields (Lyon, 2014). These range from the manufacture of prosthetics and body tissue for medicinal applications, reconstruction of old fossils for archaeological studies, printing of architectural designs among others. As a result, the business world has been drastically optimized in terms of cost, production speed, customization and quality. The globalization trend could therefore be immensely revolutionized with the current development of new 3D printing technologies. The future trend of 3D printers can be characterized by the following: * Customized fabrication
With the everyday Information Technology and Engineering advancements, it is increasingly becoming necessary to be able to manufacture complex custom parts, products for the aerospace industry and the medical industry (Daniel Cohen, 2014). The research and development on fixtures for different manufacturing processes is becoming highly dependent on the 3D printing technology. Since no complex tools and procedures are required for this kind of manufacturing technology, 3D printing has become the most suitable for the manufacture of customized parts and products, such as prosthetics, artificial teeth and bones in the medical industry. Another industry that is progressively becoming dependent on the 3D printing technology is the automobile industry. High profile individuals today want customized bikes and cars, and 3D printing is the most suitable process of fabricating customized car and bike parts while being economically efficient.
The best comparative advantage of this future trend is that the customers get to directly take part in the design of their products. The manufacturing industry will benefit by interacting with a lot of new creative ideas and get to integrate that into their business.

* Innovation
Engineering is all about constant redesigning of products to keep up with the developing technology. With the traditional subtractive manufacturing technologies, engineers base how a structure can be manufactured on the available manufacturing techniques. However, with the advancement of the 3D printing technology, it will be possible to base the manufacturability of a product on the desired functionality and expected optimization (Bingheng Lu, 2015). A 3D printer allows a designer to be very flexible in terms of the designs. For instance, the aerospace industry is constantly evolving, and the redesign of aero crafts can only get better if it is mainly driven by optimization of parameters such as cost. The traditional manufacturing technologies would therefore present a lot of limitations in the future of such industries.
This future trend has the comparative advantage of increasing the economic benefits of any advancements of the current technologies. The flexibility of designs and redesigns performed using a 3D printer will highly propel the level of innovations in the various industries. * Merging of processes
The greatest vision of any industry is to be able to integrate as many beneficial technological tactics to make the most out of them. As much as the additive manufacturing technologies are taking over, there are some procedures that can only achieved by the use of traditional methods such as subtractive and equivalent technologies. Complex processes such as casting are still very useful in various industries and as such, the combination of both additive and traditional manufacturing techniques could greatly impact the future by achieving the fabrication of complex parts more efficiently (Bingheng Lu, 2015). The integration of different processes has the comparative advantage of producing holistic products. The dependency on the 3D printing technology will eventually make the traditional manufacturing technologies extinct, while they are still necessary for the production of a number of products and components. * Fabrication of Micro and Nano structures
The manufacture of intelligent systems has become an integral part of manufacturing today (Nanotechnology and 3D-printing, 2014). It is quickly becoming necessary to manufacture everything in miniature sizes. Discrete systems such as personal computers and smart phones are getting smaller and more powerful by the day, and this is made possible by the use of integrated circuits. Integrated circuits are fabricated by use very small transducers. The 3D printing technology can be used to manufacture temperature, vibration and pressure transducers. Development of sensor networks and more intricate intelligent systems will be the greatest comparative advantage of this trend. This will therefore play a major role in keeping up with the fast advancing technology of discrete systems. * Integrated fabrication
3D printers were first used in the fabrication of prototypes for various applications (Bingheng Lu, 2015). This has remained the widest application of 3D printers. This implies that only the shape of the printed prototype was the most critical. Today and in the future, more emphasis will be put on the overall performance of the fabricated prototype. For example in the Fused Deposition Modelling type of 3D printing, the quality of a printed part can be enhanced by reducing the diameter of the nozzle that emits the molten plastic. The shape and the performance of the prototype are therefore both controlled simultaneously. This future therefore focuses on an integrated fabrication of products, rather than the shape only.
This trend has the comparative advantage of exploiting a lot of possibilities that can be achieved using the 3D printing technology. Further research can be done to find out what improvements can be made on the technology so as to focus more on integrated manufacturing.

RECOMMENDATIONS * My new strategy
Based on the current exploitations of the 3D printing technology, it is necessary to concentrate on enhancing the quality of 3D printed products. This could be achieved by developing or finding more material that can be used for 3D printing. For instance, when metallic material is used to print, the printing speed is in kilograms per hour. This is very high, given that the quality of a 3D printed object is inversely proportional to the printing speed. Quality is directly proportional to the functionality and performance, which is always the ultimate goal. * Benefits of my strategy
This strategy would greatly enhance the manufacture of intelligent systems, as well as the redesign of products and components. This would be the most ideal way of achieving manufacturing while saving on cost, time and energy. With increased printing speeds, products will reach the target customers way faster, after which they would give feedback even sooner.
References
3D Printing. (n.d.). Retrieved from Explaining the future: http://explainingthefuture.com/3dprinting.html
Bingheng Lu, D. L. (2015, 3 31). 3D Printing—Perspective. Development Trends in Additive Manufacturing and 3D printing, p. 86.
Daniel Cohen, M. S. (2014, 1). 3D printing takes shape. Retrieved from Mckinsey: http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/3-d-printing-takes-shape
Definition of Lead Time and Cycle Time. (2010, 3 2). Retrieved from Stefan Roock: https://stefanroock.wordpress.com/2010/03/02/kanban-definition-of-lead-time-and-cycle-time/
Lyon, J. M.-B. (2014, 1 23). The Implications of 3D Printing for the Global Logistics Industry. Retrieved from SupplyChain247: http://www.supplychain247.com/article/the_implications_of_3d_printing_for_the_global_logistics_industry
Nanotechnology and 3D-printing. (2014, 9 26). Retrieved from Nano Werk: http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=37541.php

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