...the removal of these impurities through filtration, which will then allow the desired compound to crystallize as it cools. Solvents and solubles are important factors in recrystallization; the substance should have a high solubility at elevated temperatures, and low solubility at low temperatures. Additionally, the solvent should have the capability of dissolving or not dissolving impurities, which will determine the occurrence of filtration. Compared to insoluble impurities, which are filtered once the compound dissolves in the hot solvent, soluble impurities are filtered out in solution as the compound is left behind. In some cases, decolorizing carbon may also be used to remove colored impurities. Also, it is important to effectively use the perfect amount of hot solvent to avoid dissolving much of the desired compound, which allows it to pass through the filter alongside the impurities. This solution is known as the mother liquor; the liquid that remains after filtration, containing significant amounts of the desired material. In certain...
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...1. Ammonia is prepared by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen gases at high temperature according to the unbalanced chemical equation below. __ N2(g) + __ H2(g) → __ NH3(g) What are the respective coefficients when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole numbers? a. | 1, 1, 1 | b. | 1, 3, 1 | c. | 1, 3, 2 | d. | 2, 1, 2 | e. | 2, 3, 2 | 2. Aluminum reacts with oxygen to produce aluminum oxide. 4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Al2O3(s) If 5.0 moles of Al react with excess O2, how many moles of Al2O3 can be formed? a. | 1.0 mol | b. | 2.0 mol | c. | 2.5 mol | d. | 5.0 mol | e. | 10.0 mol | 3. Copper reacts with nitric acid to produce copper(II) nitrate, nitrogen dioxide gas, and water. Cu(s) + 4 HNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 H2O(ℓ) If you have 0.500 moles of Cu, a. | you need at least 0.125 moles of HNO3 to produce 0.500 moles of Cu(NO3)2. | b. | you need at least 0.250 moles of HNO3 to produce 0.500 moles of Cu(NO3)2. | c. | you need at least 2.00 moles of HNO3 to produce 0.500 moles of Cu(NO3)2. | d. | you need at least 2.00 moles of HNO3 to produce 1.00 moles of Cu(NO3)2. | e. | you need at least 2.00 moles of HNO3 to produce 2.00 moles of Cu(NO3)2. | 4.. Dinitrogen trioxide, a blue solid, dissociates to form nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide gases. What mass of nitrogen dioxide is formed from the decomposition of 13.1 g of N2O3? a. | 5.17 g | b. | 7.93 g | c. | 6.55 g | d. | 12.8 g | e. | 21.6...
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...whose structures are supported by 'H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, show two strong infrared absorption bands in the 17001800-cm-' range. The first band (1740 cm-') is assigned to the ester carbonyl while we attribute the second one (1765 cm-' for 6a and 1760 cm-l for 6b) to the amide carbonyl. These abnormal high values for an amide band reveal, in accordance with Bredt's rule, an important inhibition of the N-C=O resonance in these N-bridgehead lactams." On the other hand, ' NMR spectra of the crude maH terials obtained from diesters 4c,d at 390-400 "C showed the characteristic signals of a terminal vinyl group suggesting that an elimination reaction follows or competes with the [1,4] migration. Flash column chromatography of the mixture resulting from the thermolysis of the piperidine derivative 4c afforded besides the pyrazolinone 6c12an isomeric N-alkenyl compound whose spectroscopic datal3support the hydroxy-bpyrazole structure 7c. The analogous elimination product 7d formed in lower yield (15% estimation on the basis of 'H NMR spectra) could not be isolated. Pyrazolinone 6c submitted to flow pyrolysis at 400 O C was recovered unchanged. Thus hydroxy-bpyrazoles 7c,d result from an intramolecular elimination reaction of ylides 5c,d (Scheme 111),either by a six-center mechanism involving the negative charge delocalized on the carbonyl oxygen (path a) or by a Cope-type elimination14 (path b) and subsequent isomerization (8 7) to the stable tautomer in aprotic...
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...were sent to the SolGent Company for rRNA gene sequencing. Fungal DNA was extracted and isolated using SolGent purification bead. Prior to sequencing, the ribosomal rDNA gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in which two universal fungal primers ITS1 (forward) and ITS4 (reverse) which were incorporated in the reaction mixture. Primers used for gene amplification have the following composition: ITS1 (5' - TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G - 3'), and ITS4 (5'- TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC -3'). The purified PCR products (amplicons) were reconfirmed using a size nucleotide marker (100 base pairs) by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel. Then these bands were elated and sequenced with the incorporation of dideoxynucleotides (dd NTP) in the reaction mixture. Each sample was sequenced in the sense and antisense directions using ITS1 and ITS4 primers (White et al. 1990). Sequences were further analyzed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences was done with the help of MegAlign (DNA Star) software version 5.05. Host range Many plant species belong to four different families as listed in Table 1 were evaluated against the most virulent F. oxysporum (AUMC10895) isolate. Plants were planted in plastic pots (25 cm diameter) containing soil disinfested with 5% formalin (v/w). For each pot, 50 ml inocula were separately added to the root zone. Control treatments...
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...Method Development For Analysis Of Pesticides In Water Using Chromatography And Mass Spectrometry An Abstract of a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Chemistry Department Western Illinois University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By Prashanth Goud Kunuru September 2013 This thesis follows the style and format of the Journal of Analytical Chemistry ABSTRACT Pesticides are chemicals, artificial or natural substances, used for pest control. They have negative influence on human health when accumulated in the body. Numerous studies have clearly linked pesticides exposures to various diseases including cancer and Parkinson’s disease. Water bodies often serve as a key receiver of harmful pollutants emitted from industrial and domestic sources. Pesticides can often enter water through sewage plants, sewer overflows, surface water runoffs, and leaching from agricultural applications or even through improper disposal. Regulatory issues and public concerns over pesticide residues in water supplies have been increasing, and it is important to develop a reliable method for routine test of pesticides in water supplies. Presented here is a novel solid phase extraction technique using disposable pipette extraction (DPX) followed by chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis for determination of pesticides in water. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the suitability of high pressure...
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...9-205-074 REV: FEBRUARY 21, 2006 GEORGE CHACKO MARTI G. SUBRAHMANYAM VINCENT DESSAIN ANDERS SJÖMAN Advising on Currency Risk at ICICI Bank In March 2003, Shilpa Kumar, joint general manager of the Markets Advisory Group at ICICI Bank, India’s second-largest bank, had to come up with a recommendation. One of ICICI Bank’s customers, the Power Finance Corporation Ltd. (PFC), had asked ICICI Bank’s advice on its currency exposure. PFC worked with the Indian power sector and especially with India’s various state electricity boards (SEBs) to finance their operations. PFC’s loans to the boards were primarily in Indian rupees (INR), but the loans that PFC had to take itself were often denominated in other currencies. PFC therefore found itself regularly with large foreign exchange exposures. At her last meeting in New Delhi with PFC’s deputy general manager, Rajeev Mehrotra, Kumar had learned that PFC’s current exposure was running close to INR 1,300 crore1 (about US$300 million), mostly in U.S. dollars and Japanese yen (JPY). Out of this exposure, Mehrotra was especially interested in hedging a Japanese yen loan equivalent to $100 million with a five-year tenor. Back at ICICI Bank’s headquarters in Bombay, Kumar now had to come up with recommendations for how PFC should handle this JPY exposure. Mehrotra had made it clear that he was uninterested in hearing about a full hedge for the entire exposure but that he hoped ICICI Bank could present alternative strategies that potentially...
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...INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The evolution of industrialization and mechanization in the 21st century made it possible to transform manual equipment into modern machinery. With this development, global reliance on petroleum-based fuel is constantly increasing, giving rise to a challenge on energy sufficiency. Negative impacts, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are associated with the combustion of these petroleum-based fuels (MacLellan, 2010). Major GHG contributors identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) include industry (20%), residential and commercial (11%), and agriculture (8%) (Bogart, 2013). Adverse effects on health and the environment of using petroleum-based fuels, thus, urge scientific community to search and develop alternative renewable fuel to replace the current and existing petroleum-based fuels. Biofuels have been demonstrated by several researches to reduce GHG emissions as compared to gasoline (petrol) (Leen, 2012). Among the alternative biofuels, bioethanol has received considerable attention in transportation sector because of its utility as an octane booster, fuel additive, and even as neat fuel (Mudliar, et. al., 2009). Bioethanol can be derived from organic materials, such as energy crops like corn, wheat, sugar cane, sugar beet, and cassava, among others (Neves, et. al., 2007). However, due to their primary utility as food, these crops cannot provide the global demand for bioethanol production. Among...
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...INTRODUCTION Importance of the Study Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as vegetable. The word broccoli, from Italian plural of broccoli, refers to the “the flowering top of the cabbage”. Broccoli is classified in the Italian cultivar group of species Brassica oleracea. It has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of the flower head is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli mostly closely resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of species. Broccoli is high in Vitamin C, as well as dietary fiber; it also contains multiple nutrients with potent anti-cancer properties, diindolylmethane and small amounts of selenium. Broccoli also contains the compound glucoraphanim, which can be processed into an anti-cancer compound sulforaphane, through the benefits of broccoli are greatly reduced if the vegetable is boiled. Broccoli is also an excellent source of indole – 3- carbinol, a chemical which boost DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells. It has the higher level of carotenoids in the brassica family. It is particularly rich in lutein and also provides a modest amount of beta-carotene. A high intake of broccoli has been found to reduce risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Broccoli consumption has also been shown to be beneficial in prevention of heart disease. Broccoli consumption is also...
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...Comparative analysis of service quality of GP with other private Telco service providers in Bangladesh A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SERVICE QUALITY OF GRAMEENPHONE WITH OTHER PRIVATE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS IN BANGLADESH by Md. Fuad Al Hassan ID: 0720053 An Internship Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Business Administration INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH April 2012 Comparative analysis of service quality of GP with other private Telco service providers in Bangladesh A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SERVICE QUALITY OF GRAMEENPHONE WITH OTHER PRIVATE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS IN BANGLADESH by Md. Fuad Al Hassan ID: 0720053 Has been approved April, 2012 Mr. Md Sohel Islam Senior Lecturer School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh Comparative analysis of service quality of GP with other private Telco service providers in Bangladesh April 28, 2012 Mr. MD. Sohel Islam Senior Lecturer, School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh. Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure and honor for me to submit my internship report “A comparative analysis of perceived service quality of Grameenphone with other private telecommunication service providers in Bangladesh. I am submitting this report as a part of my internship in Grameenphone. This report will help the organization to find out the customers perception of the service quality comparing to the other telecommunication...
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...INTRODUCTION Human resources is the most important asset for any organisation . In competitive business world main part of activities is carried out by the employees in the organisation. A healthy workforce ensures increased efficiency and productivity for organisation. Maintaining quality of work life for its employees is an important concern for the any organisation. The grievance handling procedure of the organisation can affect the harmonious environment of the organisation. The grievances of the employees are related to the contract, work rule or regulation, policy or procedure, health and safety regulation, past practice, changing the cultural norms unilaterally, individual victimization, wage, bonus, etc. Here, the attitude on the part of management in their effort to understand the problems of employees and resolve the issues amicably have better probability to maintain a culture of high performance. Managers must be educated about the importance of the grievance process and their role in maintaining favorable relations with the union. Effective grievance handling is an essential part of cultivating good employee relations and running a fair, successful, and productive workplace. Positive labor relations are two-way street both sides must give a little and try to work together. Relationship building is key to successful labor relations. This survey is an essential instruments that attempt to determine employees perception of working environment. There...
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...Chapter 1-17 Operations Management Roberta Russell & Bernard W. Taylor, III Organization of This Text: Part I – Operations Management Intro. to Operations and Supply Chain Management: Quality Management: Statistical Quality Control: Product Design: Service Design: Processes and Technology: Facilities: Human Resources: Project Management: Chapter 1 (Slide 5) Chapter 2 (Slide 67) Chapter 3 (Slide 120) Chapter 4 (Slide 186) Chapter 5 (Slide 231) Chapter 6 (Slide 276) Chapter 7 (Slide 321) Chapter 8 (Slide 402) Chapter 9 (Slide 450) 1 -2 Organization of This Text: Part II – Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Strategy and Design: Global Supply Chain Procurement and Distribution: Forecasting: Inventory Management: Sales and Operations Planning: Resource Planning: Lean Systems: Scheduling: Chapter 10 (Slide 507) Chapter 11 (Slide 534) Chapter 12 (Slide 575) Chapter 13 (Slide 641) Chapter 14 (Slide 703) Chapter 15 (Slide 767) Chapter 16 (Slide 827) Chapter 17 (Slide 878) 1 -3 Learning Objectives of this Course Gain an appreciation of strategic importance of operations and supply chain management in a global business environment Understand how operations relates to other business functions Develop a working knowledge of concepts and methods related to designing and managing operations and supply chains Develop a skill set for quality and process improvement 1 -4 Chapter 1 Introduction to Operations and Supply Chain Management Operations Management Roberta...
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...1 Basic Arithmetic TERMINOLOGY Absolute value: The distance of a number from zero on the number line. Hence it is the magnitude or value of a number without the sign Directed numbers: The set of integers or whole numbers f -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, f Exponent: Power or index of a number. For example 23 has a base number of 2 and an exponent of 3 Index: The power of a base number showing how many times this number is multiplied by itself e.g. 2 3 = 2 # 2 # 2. The index is 3 Indices: More than one index (plural) Recurring decimal: A repeating decimal that does not terminate e.g. 0.777777 … is a recurring decimal that can be written as a fraction. More than one digit can recur e.g. 0.14141414 ... Scientific notation: Sometimes called standard notation. A standard form to write very large or very small numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10 e.g. 765 000 000 is 7.65 # 10 8 in scientific notation Chapter 1 Basic Arithmetic 3 INTRODUCTION THIS CHAPTER GIVES A review of basic arithmetic skills, including knowing the correct order of operations, rounding off, and working with fractions, decimals and percentages. Work on significant figures, scientific notation and indices is also included, as are the concepts of absolute values. Basic calculator skills are also covered in this chapter. Real Numbers Types of numbers Unreal or imaginary numbers Real numbers Rational numbers Irrational numbers Integers Integers are whole numbers...
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...NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water Micro & NaNo TechNologies series editor: Jeremy ramsden Professor of Nanotechnology Microsystems and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Materials Cranfield University, United Kingdom the aim of this book series is to disseminate the latest developments in small scale technologies with a particular emphasis on accessible and practical content. these books will appeal to engineers from industry, academia and government sectors. for more information about the book series and new book proposals please contact the publisher, Dr. Nigel hollingworth at nhollingworth@williamandrew.com. http://www.williamandrew.com/MNt NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water edited by Nora savage Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and (in alphabetical order) Mamadou Diallo Materials and process simulation center, Division of chemistry and chemical engineering, california institute of technology Jeremiah Duncan Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison anita street Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign richard sustich N o r w i c h , N Y, U S A copyright © 2009 by William andrew inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying...
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...TPA FeMn based on equal utilization for both the products) Rs. 1792.33 Lakhs (Say 1792 lakhs) 60% 85% 90% Rs.868.00 lakhs Existing Proposed Term Loan – NIL Rs. 925.00 Lacs CC Limit – NIL Rs. 403.00 Lacs LC/FLC -NIL Rs. 50.00 Lacs One (1) Year Moratorium from Commercial production + 6 Years – Total Seven (7) years from Commercial production Name of the Company Registered Office Names of the Board of Directors Plant location Product Application Installed capacity Project Cost Capacity utilization of Year 2013-14 Year 2014-15 Year 2015-16 & onwards Promoter’s Contribution Banking limit - Term loan - Cash credit - LC/FLC Repayment Period Debt-Equity Ratio Project total (overall) TERM Loan (only) 1.53 : 1 1.07 : 1 3.49 times 5.05 times 40.51% Average DSCR - Gross - Net IRR SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh Page 1 of 76 1.2. ABOUT THE COMPANY Sharanya Natural Resources & Infra Projects Private Limited (SNRIPL) was incorporated on June 17, 2010. The registered office of the Company is situated at H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh. The directors of the company are Mr. Sanjay Kumar Makhariya, Mr. Shanker Pail and Mrs Uma Payal. The company proposes is set up 6 MVA Ferro Alloy Plant. The Plant is...
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...AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT COINTEGRATION BETWEEN MORTGAGE RATES AND HOUSING PRICES: CASE OF THE UNITED STATES by MOHAMAD SAMIR HAMMOUD A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Financial Economics to the Department of Economics of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at the American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon March 2009 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT COINTEGRATION BETWEEN MORTGAGE RATES AND HOUSING PRICES: CASE OF THE UNITED STATES by MOHAMAD SAMIR HAMMOUD Approved by: ______________________________________________________________________ Dr. Simon Neaime, Professor Economics First Reader ______________________________________________________________________ Dr. Marcus Marktanner, Assistant Professor Economics Second Reader Date of project presentation: March 4, 2009 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT PROJECT RELEASE FORM I, Mohamad Samir Hammoud authorize the American University of Beirut to supply copies of my project to libraries or individuals upon request. do not authorize the American University of Beirut to supply copies of my project to libraries or individuals for a period of two years starting with the date of the project defense. ____________________ Signature ____________________ Date ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Professor Simon Neaime who directly and indirectly promoted my productivity by making me experience interesting challenges...
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