...Dr. Martin Luther King’s Funeral and Assassination Word spread like wildfire when the news of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination hit the public. As the leading civil rights activist in the 1960s, Martin Luther King Jr. preached words of peace and understanding among races. A well known name throughout the North and South, King gained extreme popularity within the African American community. When Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated a wave of sorrow spread across the nation. With rage, sadness, and hopelessness in the public eye, clearly the assassination hurt more than just one man, it hurt a nation. A single shot killed 39-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968. At the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis, Tennessee, a sniper from about “50-100 yards away,” shot and struck Dr. King’s neck, while instantaneously killing him (“Martin Luther King Slain” 139). From the crime scene, F.B.I. investigators traced a “white Mustang automobile,” and an “‘unusually large’ amount of physical evidence” (Waldron 1). With fingerprints, the actual rifle, and eyewitnesses as definite pieces of evidence, F.B.I. agents concluded that a Caucasian man executed the assassination and that he would be very easily caught (Waldron 1). Eyewitness testimony even stated that the “saw a white man [ran] from the house immediately after the shooting” (“Martin Luther King Slain” 140). As a shocking and horrific event, the assassination of Dr. King proved to test the nation’s character. Shortly...
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...ISRAELI TARGETED KILLINGS Sarah Arrasmith INTL 614 - Assassination October 25, 2014 "Consequently, today's threat is just a real from seven thousand miles away as it is from ten feet away," Michelle Mallette-Piasecki, Albany Law Review, 2013. In 1995, Yahya 'Ayyash, otherwise known as "The Engineer," and an expert terror planner for Hamas, answered his last phone call. The Israelis had laden the phone with explosives and detonated while he was carrying it ( Luft, 2003, 2). In that same year Fathi Shiqaqi, the spearhead of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, who had organized several suicide bombings against Israelis, received fatal gunshot wounds by Mossad, the often mythical Israeli Intelligence (Luft, 2003, 2). These were not the first nor last targeted killings performed by the State of Israel yet are signatures of Israel's propensity and tenacity to not fall victim to terror attacks. The history of violence and threats inflicted by terror groups and nations against the state of Israel has lead to Israel's development of tenacious military and intelligence capabilities. Due to its geopolitical disadvantage, Israel must utilize aggressive and resilient tactics against terror groups, state, and non-state actors. Are targeted killings a necessary resort? Are other enforcement and intelligence strategies just as effective? Israel has propagated targeted killings as effective and credits this action with saving more lives of the innocent while reducing terrorist incidents...
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...SECURITY RESEARCH PAPER A PERSPECTIVE ON TERRORISM Piers Hutt piershutt@hotmail.com 1 March 2015 A PERSPECTIVE ON TERRORISM ABSTRACT Purpose: To critically examine the threat of modern terrorism to Western society. Design/methodology: An assessment was made of publically available documentation. The paper is then divided into a number of sections. It initially deals with the difficulties of defining terrorism, followed by its symbiotic relationship with the media. The next section looks at the modern Islamic Fundamentalist threat and the primarily neocon response since 9/11. Whilst the US has withdrawn combat forces from Iraq and Afghanistan, a bipartisan approach has been maintained to counterterrorism. The dangers of such an approach are examined along with emerging threats. Table of Contents * Abstract * Introduction * Define * Role of the Media * Psychology * Modern Terrorism * The Response * Counterview – The Dangers * Looking Ahead – The Next Potential Threats * Another Approach * Conclusion INTRODUCTION “Terrorism has become part of our daily news diet. Hardly a day goes by without news of an assassination, political kidnapping, hijacking or bombing somewhere in the world. As such, incidents of terrorism have increased in the past decade, the phenomenon of terrorism has become one of increasing concern to governments....” Introduction. With the recent high profile terrorist attacks in Sydney...
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...James Janosz Political Science 495 Terrorism December 14th, 2009 The Changing Look of Terrorism The purpose of this paper is to study and look at how terrorism has changed from pre 9/11, to post 9/11, to the current and future times. The United States is currently fighting the war on terror. But who is the enemy to the war? Can terrorism actually be considered an enemy? The answers to these questions are difficult to answer and defend, depending on the circumstances. But the key constant to the question is, there is no internationally agreed definition of terrorism. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are intended to create fear/terror, are perpetrated for an ideological/political goal, and deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilian targets. The first section of this paper will deal with both views of the changing face of terrorism from pre 9/11, to post 9/11, and to the present day. The next section of this paper will discuss the variables of why terrorism has changed. In conclusion this paper will summarize the study of the changing face in terrorism. Throughout this paper there will be historical facts, evidence, theories, and analysis to support my argument how terrorism has changed over time. The language of terrorism that we, as Americans read it as, on September 11, 2001, two American airplanes flew into the World Trade Center and another into the Pentagon, while yet another suspiciously crashed in a deserted Pennsylvania...
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...Approach Unit #9 Final Project Tijuana Hutcherson December 21, 2012 On this day of February 21, 2325 (Historically the same day of the famous leader Malcolm X’s assassination) my fellow archaeologists and I have come across and discovered an astonishing, fascinating and historical find. Within the same vicinity of other remarkable discoveries, for example; finding all the remaining pieces to what eventually turned out to be a famous stadium called “Yankee Stadium”. There was also a finding of an old fashioned newspaper clipping with the title” HIV Cure Found” in what appeared to be the year of 2030. My fellow archaeologist and I found an item with a note stating this is a “time capsule’, which had a branded label of “The 60’s….We Rocked” on it. After much investigating and thought as to how we could open this container and what is needed to do so, we finally managed to open this capsule. Inside this capsule we found five extremely secured items that conveniently came with brief explanations of what they are and of what time they came from. The Five items consisted of; (1) One small compact, of which held some sort of medicated pills. (2) A plate that is labeled “VIN Plate” and has writing to describe what was considered a VIN plate to a vehicle. (3) Three small, flat and round shaped items that appear to be disks or albums. (4) A picture that was protected in a sealed packet of a man and a woman in a car. This picture labeled, “Day of JFK assassination”. (5) A piece...
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...develop based on the contrasting environment and social dynamics each generation experiences as they come of age. In the workplace, these differences seem to be generating clashes around work-life balance, employee loyalty, authority, interpersonal relationships and other important issues (Notter, 2007). Sometimes contradictions and problems arise when identifying the characteristics of a generation. Some studies in the 1980’s described Generation X as self-reliant, ambitious, and career –minded. By the 1990’s they were described as the cynical, whining, slacker generation. There is a lack of mutual exclusivity in generational groups due to where in a generation a person was born. Events such as John F. Kennedy’s assassination and terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 served as formative moments of that generation’s coming...
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...In the wake of the horrendous terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States Congress, under pressure from U.S. citizens to do more to protect the country from further attack, passed the Patriot Act on October 26, 2001. In effect, the act changed many U.S. laws concerning the legal authority of law enforcement entities and the lengths to which those entities could go to investigate potential terrorist activities. Another result of the act was to expand the definition of terrorism to include acts of domestic terrorism and or extremism. The Congressional Research Service (CRS) report “The Domestic Terrorist Threat: Background and Issues for Congress, dated May 15, 2012, states that in “statutory terms, a domestic terrorist engages in terrorist activity that occurs in the homeland.” This definition appears quite broad; to add context, the CRS report further states that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) not only views domestic terrorism solely as an act carried out on U.S. soil, but acts that are carried out by groups or persons that “lack foreign direction.” Unlike the U.S. State Department’s public list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations, “The federal government does not generate an official and public list of domestic terrorist organizations or individuals.” As explained by the CRS report, the creation of such a list could subject the federal government to lawsuits from groups and individuals claiming infringement of their civil rights. The lack...
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... Effie Cane ENG 122 Sophie Sills February 25, 2013 There is so much that we do not know or understand about terrorism and assassins. Many things that we may never figure out. This is a subject that I never worried about until that grave day on 9/11. This is when it all really hit me. I was 20 years old and I can remember RUNNING HEAD: TERRORIST AND ASSASSINS someone running into my college course screaming, “They have killed them. They flew the planes into the tower. Oh my God1” From that day on I knew that terrorism was real and we had all been affect. It has become one of the scariest things in American life. A lot of us are left wondering when, how, and why after a terrorist attack. It is my belief that most attacks are because of religious beliefs. I also belief that the affects that these attacks have on our society can be over whelming and devastating. It can cause people to loose love ones and suffer for the rest of their lives. In this paper I will attempt to understand what is going on in the mind of a person who commits such acts. I will also take a good look into the lives of the many people that they affect. Even though terrorism and assassination is not something that we worry about on a daily basis, the fact remains that it is very much real and can become a threat at any time. (Mueller 2006) I found this evident while reading an article written in September/October 2006 by John Mueller that states for the past five...
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...with some for and some against. But what led up to it and why did we invade Iraq? In this paper, I will look at the facts, rumors, and mere coincidences that overshadow this highly controversial debate. I will also speak on personal experience, when I was deployed to that region. As we all know, in September of 2001 a great tragedy struck this great nation. On the morning of September 11th, terrorists hijacked four passenger planes. Two of the planes, struck one of the World Trade Center Tower’s. One plane hit the pentagon, while the fourth plane was enroute to Washington D.C., crashed in Pennsylvania. Nearly three thousand people lost their lives in these horrible events. It has been since Pearl Harbor since that large of an attack happened on American soil. President George W. Bush was our Commander-in- Chief, his approval ratings before these attacks were not bad, but not great. His rating, which was done by the Gallup poll was around 55%, give or take. The economy was heading into a recession. How this all comes into play, is the theory that war boosts the economy. Companies are given contracts to build equipment and clothing for the military in return they hire more employees to keep up with the demand. Not only do unemployment numbers decrease, spending increases which help boost an ailing economy. There are a lot of conspiracy theories which suggest that the September 11 attacks were an inside job. For example the movie, “Loose Change,” directed by Dylan Avery...
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... Crisisology: Charting A Course Through Crises © Muhammad Sani Isa First published 2014 ISBN: 978-978-935-256-2 Published in Nigeria by Society for Safety and Crisis Management Block AO 1, Suite 19, 2 nd Floor, Junction Road, Kaduna All rights reserved. For further enquiries, please contact the author: Tel: +234-8052232004 Email: sscm.ng@gmail.com 2 Crisisology: Charting A Course Through Crises Table of Contents Dedication Attestation Acknowledgements Foreword Preface 1. Perspectives on Crisisology 2. Facts about Crises 3. Causes of Crises 4. Classifications of Crises 5. Crisisology As An Academic Discipline 6. Becoming A Crisisologist 7. Crisisology and other Social Sciences 8. Challenges of Crisisology Notes References 5 6 7 9 11 15 27 35 49 65 82 89 96 103 105 3 Crisisology: Charting A Course Through Crises DEDICATION This monograph is dedicated to Hajia Salime, my dear mother; Hafsat, my lovely wife; Yazeed and Yaqeen my precious sons. 4 Crisisology: Charting A Course Through Crises ATTESTATION I, Muhammad Sani Isa do solemnly, firmly and honestly attest to the fact that crises create injuries, illnesses, deaths, property damage, disruption of means of livelihood as well as the environment, etc. Therefore, I can never conceive, plan, finance, promote or personally indulge in the spread of hate messages, killing of fellow human beings, destruction of schools, hospitals, market-places, mosques, churches, vehicles, houses, etc., under any pretext for as long...
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... Crisisology: Charting A Course Through Crises © Muhammad Sani Isa First published 2014 ISBN: 978-978-935-256-2 Published in Nigeria by Society for Safety and Crisis Management Block AO 1, Suite 19, 2 nd Floor, Junction Road, Kaduna All rights reserved. For further enquiries, please contact the author: Tel: +234-8052232004 Email: sscm.ng@gmail.com 2 Crisisology: Charting A Course Through Crises Table of Contents Dedication Attestation Acknowledgements Foreword Preface 1. Perspectives on Crisisology 2. Facts about Crises 3. Causes of Crises 4. Classifications of Crises 5. Crisisology As An Academic Discipline 6. Becoming A Crisisologist 7. Crisisology and other Social Sciences 8. Challenges of Crisisology Notes References 5 6 7 9 11 15 27 35 49 65 82 89 96 103 105 3 Crisisology: Charting A Course Through Crises DEDICATION This monograph is dedicated to Hajia Salime, my dear mother; Hafsat, my lovely wife; Yazeed and Yaqeen my precious sons. 4 Crisisology: Charting A Course Through Crises ATTESTATION I, Muhammad Sani Isa do solemnly, firmly and honestly attest to the fact that crises create injuries, illnesses, deaths, property damage, disruption of means of livelihood as well as the environment, etc. Therefore, I can never conceive, plan, finance, promote or personally indulge in the spread of hate messages, killing of fellow human beings, destruction of schools, hospitals, market-places, mosques, churches, vehicles, houses, etc., under any pretext for as long...
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...humans have, and the big controversy over torture is whether torture goes against those ethics. In this paper the method of torture will be examined for both encouragement and discouragement based on the views each person has of human ethics. It is quite easy to look at worldwide news telecasts and know what kind of things that American...
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...Introduction-----------------------------------------------------4 Premise----------------------------------------------------------5 Research Methodology----------------------------------------5 Research Results-----------------------------------------------6 Critical Analysis------------------------------------------------9 Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------30 Appendix---------------------------------------------------------31 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------56 Abstract FBI cyber security division computers are hacked into at the same time that known hackers capable of performing this have their computers hacked into and are blown up when they hit certain keys on their computer keyboards. Traffic lights and the transportation systems are then hacked into and total gridlock and chaos ensure. Wall Street is then affected and cyber money is thought to be dwindling away. This is known as a Fire Sale which has 3 steps. In the first step transportation is shut down then finance and finally, in the third step, utilities are affected. As expected, the media broadcast the government’s next move to everyone including the terrorists. As it turns out, the leader of the terrorists is a former DOD software programmer that had warned the government after 9/11 that our networks were vulnerable and that this kind of thing would happen, but he was laughed to scorn. This scenario has a happy...
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...efficient response to containing, controlling, and resolving the incident. However, when incidents do strike, local law enforcement personnel are the first responders on the scene. The Boston Marathon bombing incident was a demonstration of how local law enforcement worked with state and federal law enforcement to coordinate the clearing of the scenes and location of the perpetrators. Since the terrorism incident that occurred on September 11, 2001, city leaders across the United States have assumed greater roles of responsibility in homeland security (Downing, 2009). This new responsibility has brought with it issues and practical challenges that city leaders and policymakers are confronted with during times of crisis that necessitate the securing of their communities. Although assistance comes from a variety of sources during emergency events, it is critical that local leaders are endowed with the knowledge to aid them in meeting the terrorism challenges that could occur not just now, but also in the future. Presented in this paper is information that local leaders can employ to ensure that they respond appropriately to acts of terrorism. The Boston Marathon bombing and law enforcement response to the incident will be used as a framework for the discussion. What is Terrorism? According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting system, terrorism is classified into two categories: domestic terrorism and international terrorism (FBI, 2006). Domestic terrorism is defined as:...
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...Kyle Walker English 2-H Faigenbaum 5/1/2012 Research Essay Assignment Inhumanity In Our World Genocide is one of the most evil moral crimes any ruling authority such as a government can commit against its people. A general definition of ‘Genocide’ is the intention to destroy or murder people because of their race, beliefs, or even political and economic status. Legal expert, Raphael Lemkin, created the term ‘Genocide’ 1944. Lemkin, a Polish Attorney, combined the ancient Greek word ‘genos’ which means race and the Latin word ‘cide’ which translates to killing. There are many examples of genocide in the world but the most recognizable is that of the Holocaust and how the German powers that be sought and attempted to kill all Jews. A recent example is the Rawandan Genocide in 1994 where the assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana caused a violent reaction resulting in mass killings. In efforts to reduce Genocide, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UHCG) was adopted by the United Nations in 1948 and was placed in force in 1951. On July 1, 2002 the International Criminal Court (ICC) came into force. The ICC not only accepted the UHCG’s definition of Genocide but expanded it to include crimes against humanity such as enslavement, deportation, torture, rape, enforced disappearance and apartheid. There have been many organizations created throughout the world to defend and prevent Genocide. Communities, Religions and even Colleges are forming...
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