... Question #1 Describe how you would assess the impact of the health care issue you selected in microeconomic terms. The health care issue I have chosen is the uninsured Americans and the cost effect on the Unites States government. The issue of uninsured Americans has been one issue that keeps coming up from time to time because a large number of the society are losing their medical insurance due to loss of employments and pre-existing conditions that most insurance company don’t accept. Government and the hospital emergency rooms where those that are uninsured end up going are at the losing end on whole situation. I will try and use Cost Benefit Analysis to evaluate the cost of the uninsured on the Government purse. Cost benefit analysis is an important economical tool that can be used in the healthcare industry because it helps in determining what the outcome of a project would be. It looks at both the positive and the negative aspect of the program. It will also show the cost and consequence of being uninsured. According to Jack Hadley, the Principal Research Associate at The Urban Institute, uninsured Americans have cost the Federal government in the three following ways: The Government already spends a substantial amount of money on care to the uninsured According to (Jack Hadley, 2003) it is estimated that in 2001 that the nation spent about $35 billion on uncompensated care received by uninsured, both those...
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...Generally speaking, university hospitals and, to some extent, tertiary teaching hospitals tend to treat more complex patients with more complex care. To be eligible, hospitals had to have at least 200 beds and an intensive care unit. In each hospital, 400 patient admissions were randomly selected in 2004, and 200 in 2008. Fifty percent of the records were of patients who were discharged from the hospital after a stay of at least 24 h. The other 50% were of patients who died in hospital. These patients were sampled from all inpatient deaths, regardless of their length of stay. We did not exclude patients admitted with an explicitly palliative care plan; this information was noted down and taken into account during the review process. During analysis, overall AE rates were corrected for the oversampling of deceased patients, because in our sample, 50% of the patients were inpatient deaths, and in reality 3%. In the results, we weight our 50% back to the actual 3%, so the presented results are a representation of the total hospital population of discharged and deceased patients. We followed the same procedure for the distribution of types of hospitals. Patients admitted to the psychiatry department, obstetrics and children under 1 year of age were excluded. The...
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...to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines. Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles. In 1986, 21.3% “fully immunized” children less than fourteen months of age based on the EPI Comprehensive Program review. II. Scenario Global Situation The burden In 2002, WHO estimated that 1.4 million of deaths among children under 5 years due to diseases that could have been prevented by routine vaccination. This represents 14% of global total mortality in children under 5 years of age. Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record, WHO: No.46,2011,86.509-520) Burden of Diseases The immunization coverage of all individual vaccines has improved as shown in Figure 1: (Demographic Health Survey 2003 and 2008). Fully Immunized Child (FIC) coverage improved by 10% and the Child Protected at Birth (CPAB) against Tetanus improved by 13% compared to any prior period. Thus, the Philippines has now historically the highest coverage for these two major indicators. Figure 1: Comparison of the 2003 and 2008 EPI indicators, Source: NDHS III. Interventions/ Strategies Program Objectives/Goals: Over-all Goal: To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases. Specific Goals: 1. To immunize all infants/children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases. 2. To sustain the polio-free status of the Philippines...
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...a crucial facet of government health strategy, and a social and medical science. This passion extends from hard work and includes the profession shifting its core functions providing a flexible service that meets the changing health and social needs of society. The rewards to the profession and the community include personalized and case specific localized care, health program implementation, and guiding improved social trends at the ‘coal face’. Community based nursing is now at the forefront of social awareness and this important benefit is discussed throughout this essay. This essay focuses on the importance of community based nursing to the profession looking at aspects such as the role’s expanded influence on social trends, analysis, palliative care, outreach to vulnerable groups, and program implementation to the wider community. These functions in combination play a key role in ensuring this aspect of the nursing profession is effective in prevention and in tune with society’s needs. Community based nursing comprises several fields of expertise, including community health, public health, home health, and community mental health nursing. This essay looks at the collective benefits of these and the resulting influence brought to patients and the medical profession. The link between community nursing and progression of the medical profession in targeting the broader population is discussed, including community health education targeting vulnerable groups[2]. The...
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...Medication errors are “the most common single preventable cause of adverse events in medical practice” [1]. According to the Institute Of Medicine report (IOM, 1999 ), as high as 98,000 patients die in hospitals each year as a result of preventable medical errors [2] which makes medical errors the second leading cause of death in US. . The report further estimates that, medical errors cost the nation approximately $37.6 Billion each year; about $17 billion of those costs are associated with preventable errors. Medication incidents are commonplace in healthcare [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. In Australian study, out of over 14,000 admission records reviewed, 16.6% of admissions were associated with an "adverse event",[6]. A study by Ahmed E Aboshaiqah...
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...9 -6 0 3 -0 6 0 REV: FEBRUARY 20, 2003 ANDR E W P. MCAFEE S A R A H M. MA CG R E G O R MICH A E L BE NA R I Mount Auburn Hospital: Physician Order Entry Introduction In September of 2002, Robert Todd, the head of information systems (IS) for Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, reviewed progress toward the launch of the hospital’s new computerized physician order entry (POE) system. The committee overseeing the project consisted of an across-the-board selection of hospital representation, including physicians, pharmacy staff, nurses, administrators, and IS operations staff. The POE system was scheduled to ‚go live‛ on a pilot basis in the middle of October in the hospital’s labor and delivery unit. It had not been difficult to mount support for the project. POE systems had been demonstrated to reduce error rates, and medical errors were widely recognized as a large and serious problem in health care. A landmark study published in 19911 estimated that 1.3 million injuries occurred annually in U.S. hospitals, 69% of which were at last partially due to errors in patient management. The study found that 13% of injuries resulted in patient death, ‚a rate that if extrapolated to the United States as a whole suggested that approximately 180,000 deaths a year were, at least partly, the result of injuries received during the course of care.‛2 This study also found that adverse drug events (ADEs) accounted for nearly 20% of total injuries (making them the largest...
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...program. He may be reached at stephen@davidowcommunciations.com or 708-284-2300. Mark Hollander, MBA, is a financial manager at the Department of Veterans Affairs and graduate of Loyola University Chicago ’s Quinlan School of Business MBA in Healthcare Management program. David A. Moreno, MBA, is a biotechnology business analyst and graduate of the Loyola University Chicago’s Quinlan School of Business MBA in Healthcare Management program. He may be reached at dmoreno1@gmail.com. Hospitals have been looking for ways to improve quality and operational efficiency and cut costs for nearly three decades, using a variety of quality improvement strategies. However, based on recent reports, approximately 200,000 Americans die from preventable medical errors including facility-acquired conditions and millions may experience errors. In 2008, medical errors cost the United States $19.5 billion. About 87 percent or $17 billion were directly associated with additional medical cost, including: ancillary services, prescription drug services, and inpatient and outpatient care, according to a study sponsored by the Society for Actuaries and conducted by Milliman in 2010. Additional costs of $1.4 billion were attributed to increased mortality...
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...Proposal to Implement an Employee Wellness Program at Electronics, Inc. Deena Lampe National American University Abstract This paper is a proposal to implement an employee wellness program for the employees of Electronics, Inc. This proposal contains background on the need for, and benefits of, instituting an employee wellness program, the importance of employee wellness and productivity, and educational needs of employees to maintain health and wellness. Attracting and maintaining personnel is crucial to an organization’s success and with current trends in the labor market, retaining personnel and ensuring business stability is a continuous challenge that requires conscientious human resource management. A happy and healthy workforce facilitates productivity through wellness and physical fitness. Proposal to Implement an Employee Wellness Program at Electronics, Inc. People in the labor force, are depended upon to follow through with work commitments. A healthy employee is able to do more and feel well enough to enjoy it. With high stress jobs, increased rush hour traffic, and demanding schedules, how can employers not be concerned about the health of employees? Research shows that, to maintain a healthy lifestyle balance, one third of a 24-hour day should be for sleep, one third for work and one third for play. The trend in today’s workplace is for employees to work longer hours and as a result, when they arrive home they do not feel like exercising...
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...Organization (WHO) named tobacco as the world's single greatest cause of preventable death. TYPES OF TOBACCO PPRODUCTS There is no safe form of tobacco use. All forms contain nicotine and can cause addiction and health problems. Mainly two types smoking and smokeless tobacco 1. Smoking tobacco https://youtu.be/c6Ul9QIfBno Cigarettes Bidis Cigars, Cigarillos and Little Cigars Electronic cigarette or E- cigarette (nicotine delivery system) Hookah Pipe 2. Smokeless Tobacco * is not burned * Includes tobacco that can be sucked or chewed1 * Can be spit or swallowed, depending on the product1 * Can be spit less, depending on the product2 * Contains nicotine and is addictive1 * May appeal to youth because it comes in flavors such as cinnamon, berry, vanilla, and apple3,4 Types of smokeless tobacco: * Chewing tobacco (loose leaf, plug, or twist and may come in flavors)1 * Snuff (moist, dry, or in packets [U.S. snus]) * Dissolvable (lozenges, sticks, strips, orbs) Tobacco Facts and Figures Smoking * Harms nearly every organ of the body * Causes many diseases and reduces the health of smokers in general * Nearly 18 of every 100 U.S. adults aged 18 years or older (17.8%) currently smoke cigarettes. This means an estimated 42.1 million adults in the United States currently smoke cigarettes.1 * Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, accounting for more than 480,000...
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...Deysi Serrano Outline: Patient Safety in Hospitals Chamberlain College of Nursing Outline: Patient Safety and Medical Errors General Purpose: To inform nurses and the general public about programs and policies in place to further decline the rates in medial errors and keep patients safe. Specific Purpose: To provide examples of why implementing proper procedures and having an open communication within the staff can prevent minor medical incidents and potential fatal medical accidents from happening. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Present the story of Josie King, a two-year-old girl who died because of a medical error at a renowned hospital. B. Thesis Statement: Extensive research has shown that training programs for health care workers, policies and proven protocols and communication result in an overall decrease in medical error rates. Because implementation of protocols and standardized patient safety procedures have been shown to be effective, there is good reason to expect that by continuing these medical practices, the risk of unwanted medical errors and patient harm will be significantly reduced. II. Body A. Main Point # 1: To express how medical staff and nurses in particular are the voice of concern and advocates for patients who should express open communication with both the families and doctors. 1a. Explain how break down in communication affects the quality in patient care. 2a. Describe some of the implementations hospitals...
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...How Organizational Behavior influences Attrition Keller Graduate School of Management Author Note This paper was prepared for GM591- Leadership and Organizational Behavior taught by Professor Brett Gordon. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Table of Contents Company Background 3 Organizational Problem 4 Problem Statement 5 TCO Topic 5 Expanded Organizational Introduction: 5 Enhanced Problem Overview 6 Reasons & Measures of Preventable Attrition 7 Possible Solutions 7 How to Create Sustainable Performance 8 Inadequate Developmental 8 Boost Morale and Engagement 8 Increasing Responsibility and Exposure 8 Create Value 9 Optimizing Interactions between Staff 9 Achieving Quality Management 9 Offering Performance Feedback 10 Minimize Incivility 10 Managing conflicts 11 Responsible Leadership 11 Establishing Relationships 11 Summary of Recommendations 12 Reflection 13 References 15 How Organizational Behavior influences Attrition Company Background JDR Pharmaceutical discovers, develops, manufactures, and delivers innovative human therapeutics globally to patients with unmet medical needs. An established leader in biotechnology since 2001, JDR lead the industry by introducing safe, effective medicines from lab, to manufacturing plant, to patient. JDR therapeutics have pioneered the approach with helping millions of people around the world in the fight against cancer, heart disease, neurological...
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...http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9728.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System Linda T. Kohn, Janet M. Corrigan, and Molla S. Donaldson, Editors; Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine ISBN: 0-309-51563-7, 312 pages, 6 x 9, (2000) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9728.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department tollfree at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to feedback@nap.edu. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying...
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...Integrating Theory and Research: Needs Assessment for the Patton - Fuller Community Hospital’s Compliance to Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 (and its Amendments in 1992) Cliff Musimenta University of Phoenix Integrating Theory and Research: Needs Assessment for the Patton - Fuller Community Hospital’s Compliance to Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 (and its Amendments in 1992) The Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-629, Section 12, 104 Stat. 4523, 1990) was signed by President Bush on 28 November 1990. According to Samuel (1990), the law entailed seventeen timetabled sets of new regulations that can be grouped into the following four categories: premarket approval; post-market surveillance; penalties; and miscellaneous. According to Merrill (1994, p. 47), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) “agency was given power to prescribe good manufacturing practices (GMP) requirements for devices, to ban worthless or dangerous products administratively, and to require notification, replacement, and/or refund by makers of defective products.” According to Swayze & Rich (2012) “a medical device is, simply defined, any item used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease, injury, or any other condition that is not a drug, biologic, or food” (para. 1). In any health organizational set up, creating patient safety requires that the organization establishes a safe health environment that eliminates/minimizes all unintentional injury to ensure patient wellbeing. This set...
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...The Greatest cause of preventable death Students Name: ID: * 12105038 Presented to Dr. Haitham Gamal ------------------------------------------------- Table of content: Contents | Number of page | Introduction | | Literature review | | Methodology | | Results | | Discussion | | Conclusion | | References | | Abstract Our purpose is to help people to understand dangers of smoking on them and people around them, hoping to decrease at least numbers of smokers to let them enjoy a healthier and longer life without problems. Introduction: Like most people, you already know that smoking is bad for your health. But do you really understand just how dangerous smoking really is and how it can be also deadly for non smokers too? Do you know that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year smoking causes about 6 million deaths which is about 10% of all deaths and 0.6 million of these occurring in non smokers too due to second hand smoke? Do you know that smoking is considered as the greatest cause of preventable death globally? Since stopping smoking can be an extremely difficult process, understanding exactly how smoking harms your body and people around you can help keep you motivated to end that habit. So in our research we are going to talk about smoking health problems and second hand smoke. Literature review: Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life,...
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...same-sex couples” (“Oklahoma”). Nevertheless, according to section 43-2 of Oklahoma Statutes “marriages between…first cousins are…expressly prohibited.” By continuing to uphold this ban, the legislative assembly of Oklahoma wrongfully agrees with the common notions that marrying one’s close cousin results in a significantly higher chance of genetic mutations and disorders among offspring, disrupts social order, and is morally wrong. A careful analysis of the assembly’s implied arguments disproves their validity. The increase in health risks posed to the offspring was perhaps the most influential factor considered by the legislative assembly of Oklahoma when outlawing consanguineous marriages. Although everyone is aware of the additional danger, many—including governing bodies—often disregard the actual numbers and exaggerate the findings. The offspring of first cousin marriages have only “a 1.7-2.8% increased risk for congenital defects above the [general] population” (Bennett et al. 115). The rise is not only miniscule, it is also preventable due to advanced methods of genetic testing and introduction of “genetic counseling” (Gelman) which can be made mandatory for all such couples. Furthermore, mothers who are smokers, alcoholics, of old age, and have relatives with birth defects also have raised risks of congenital defects in their children (“Facts about Birth Defects”), yet there are very few, if any, regulations preventing them from giving birth. Imagine the public’s response...
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