...other than murder, such as physical assaults, verbal harassment, intimidation, attacks on mosques, vandalism, arson, and other property damage, made living in America increasingly difficult. The victims of the backlash of the 9/11 attacks did not have any evidence indicating that they were somehow involved. In 2001, reported data by the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR Program) showed over a 1,600 percent increase from the previous year in Anti-Islamic religion incidents. The number of hate crimes against Muslims decreased but remained higher than before the 9/11 attacks. A suspension of Arab and Muslim American civil rights was enacted when the government decided that ethnic profiling was necessary...
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...Public Attitudes to Nuclear Power and Climate Change in Britain Two Years after the Fukushima Accident Summary findings of a survey conducted in March 2013 Wouter Poortinga, Nick F. Pidgeon, Stuart Capstick, and Midori Aoyagi Working Paper 19 September 2013: REF UKERC/WP/ES/2013/006 This document has been prepared to enable results of on-going work to be made available rapidly. It has not been subject to review and approval, and does not have the authority of a full Research Report. 1 T H E U K E N E R G Y R E S E A R C H C E N T R E carries out world-class research into sustainable future energy systems. It is the hub of UK energy research and the gateway between the UK and the international energy research communities. Our interdisciplinary, whole systems research informs UK policy development and research strategy. Contact Details Dr Wouter Poortinga Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University Bute Building, King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF10 3NB Prof Nick F. Pidgeon, Dr Stuart Capstick Understanding Risk Research Group School of Psychology, Cardiff University 51 Park Place Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF10 3AT Dr Midori Aoyagi Social and Environmental Systems Research Center, National Institute for Environmental studies (NIES), 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan PoortingaW@cardiff.ac.uk PidgeonN@cardiff.ac.uk CapstickSB@cardiff.ac.uk Aoyagi@nies.go.jp 2 Contents Acknowledgements ...........................................................................
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...events that influence American life. Their perception, however, has had an even greater impact on society’s current views. According to the renowned historian, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “the historian surely brings to the observation and analysis of events a perspective different from that brought by a non-historian” (10). Nonetheless, it is evident that perception is crucial when determining the public’s perception as a whole. One specific event in American history in which historians’ perception impacted the Arab and Muslim group in society was the terrorist attack that occurred on September 11, 2001. Abu-Lughod, a professor of Anthropology and Women’s and Gender Studies at Columbia University...
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...doesn’t seem like very much, it has been growing and continues to grow despite the events of September 11, 2001. On that day, very much changed for the Islamic people living in the United States. Although they American Muslims had absolutely nothing to do with the events that occurred on that day, their way of life was destined to change. The change that occurred was not in their religion or how they practiced it, it was in the no-Islamic population. Public eye was on the Muslims because the attacks from September 11th were said to be conducted by Muslim extremists. The media was, for the most part, the only place American’s would get any information about Muslims and they were not portraying them very nicely. In order to protect themselves from bad public opinion, American Muslim were faced with a challenge. They needed to improve their image in order to protect themselves from the growing number of people that were against Islam and they need to do it while staying true to themselves and their religion. In 2005, the Fiqh Council of North America issued a fatwa saying that the use of violence against innocent lives was forbidden under Islamic Law. This fatwa also encouraged Muslims to assist law enforcement in the challenge of preventing these sorts of attacks. This sort of thing shows how the Muslims in American are concerned about how they look to the public. Not only that but they are trying to improve their religion as a whole. Making it against Islamic law...
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...three criteria that Young (2011) suggests to be central to moral panic include; the propagating and circulating of stereotypical images of deviance, reinforcing and building on people’s feelings of alarm and propelling or engaging in deviance amplification. A clear example of a moral panic that fits Young’s three criteria is the concept of ‘Islamophobia’. ‘Islamophobia’ is a broad term that allows for prejudice, hatred and fear toward Islam (Morgan 2014). This moral panic has resulted in distress for many Muslims who have been brushed with criminality and terrorist labels especially after the repercussion of 9/11 (Collins 2005). It is evident that following on from the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Islamic and Muslim culture has been a target in media speculation and have somewhat become ‘folk devils’ with many becoming subject to demonisation (Tottoli...
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...1. Define Public Opinion and explain why it is such a vital aspect of democratic political process. Public opinion can be defined as an aggregate attitudes or beliefs held by the adult population. It is an importance aspect of democracy because its affect the law making in a country or community. 2. List and describe at least four ways in which ‘Public Opinion’ is commonly measured. Public opinion can be measured through: 1. Sampling techniques 2. Opinion polls 3. The Medea 4. elections 3. Individual reaction to various issues and events are subject to how we perceive information. From your Learning Objectives, describe the various qualities or characteristics that impact our Private, and Public Opinion....
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...On Sunday morning of December 7, 1941, American navy men were suddenly awoken and startled by hundreds of Japanese fighter planes barraging the base. Many had no time to prepare themselves, originally believing it to be a drill. So, more than 2000 American soldiers and sailors died in this surprise attack. Like the Pearl Harbor incident, the attack on September 11, 2001 was unprovoked and caused the deaths of about 3000 people. At the time, the United States had not declared war with either perpetrators: the Empire of Japan and the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda. Soon after these tragedies, both of the U.S. presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and George W. Bush gave speeches to the people to draw public support for action into war. Public...
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... Politics have always been a topic of debate and expression of strong personal belief. To hear the discussions of relevance lately would to be of the budgets and how Congress is failing to make decision that the American public deems right and at least acceptable for even those who opposed the outcome for whatever reason they felt justified. To have a statement of Congress failing the American people brings to life the question that is the American people failing Congress and their constitutional rights? The Atlantic.com published a reading with the heading "Congress is failing" with Major Garrett being quoted as saying "If Republicans and Democrats can't solve their latest stalemate, disaster victims will go without federal relief." The statement is referring to the Disaster Relief Fund that was projected to run out of money within a week of this article. Hurricane Irene left thousands in shambles and the victims were turning to the U.S. Government for help and more at the disaster relief fund the government controls and distributes. Mr. Garrett claims that "Everyone is to blame" in Congress and goes on to point out how each department plays upon another and without a cohesive group it is deemed to fail and very quickly. The personal opinion of Mr. Garrett is the debate is no longer about what is right for the fund but the parties involved solely. If Congress is failing then why do we have Congress? Some have said Congress should be fast acting but I ask wasn't...
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...(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2010 Syllabus 1 NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus SNYDER v. PHELPS ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 09–751. Argued October 6, 2010—Decided March 2, 2011 For the past 20 years, the congregation of the Westboro Baptist Church has picketed military funerals to communicate its belief that God hates the United States for its tolerance of homosexuality, particularly in America’s military. The church’s picketing has also condemned the Catholic Church for scandals involving its clergy. Fred Phelps, who founded the church, and six Westboro Baptist parishioners (all relatives of Phelps) traveled to Maryland to picket the funeral of Marine Lance Corporal Matthew Snyder, who was killed in Iraq in the line of duty. The picketing took place on public land approximately 1,000 feet from the church where the funeral was held, in accordance with guidance from local law enforcement officers. The picketers peacefully displayed their signs—stating, e.g., “Thank God for Dead Soldiers,” “Fags Doom Nations,” “America is Doomed,” “Priests...
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...UNIT 2 Answer Key CHAPTER 5 IV. Section 4: Party Organization A. Structure Federalism, nominating B. Organization at the National Level 1. convention 2. chairperson C. State and Local Organization 1. election, caucuses 2. wards Prereading and Vocabulary 2 1. should cut back on expensive government programs Sample definition: Conservatives believe in cutting costs and government programs. 2. came to vote Sample definition: The electorate is the group of people who are allowed to vote. 3. voted at the polling place, elementary school Sample definition: A precinct is a small area from which all the residents report to vote at one location. 4. wards 5. bipartisan 6. nominate 7. Liberals 8. resign CHAPTER 5 Section 1 Reading Comprehension 3 1. Answers for rankings will vary. Historical basis: The two-party system is rooted in the beginnings of the U.S., when the ratification of the Constitution gave rise to the first two parties. Tradition: Most Americans accept the idea of a two-party system simply because there has always been one. Electoral system: Since only one winner per office comes out of each election, voters have only two viable choices—the candidate of the party holding office or the candidate with the best chance of replacing the current officeholder. Voters tend to think of a vote for a minor party candidate as a wasted vote. Republicans and Democrats work together in a bipartisan way to write election laws to make...
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...Uncovering The Truth: Wars, Media and Metaphors “If only you can get all the facts out there in the public eye, then every rational person will reach the right conclusion” (Lakoff, 138). In the world today there are many examples via news reports, newspaper articles, and documentaries etc. that support George Lakoff’s claim that “Metaphors Can Kill”. More specifically written works like War Media and Propaganda: A Global Perspective, “Metaphors That Kill”, and The Five Biggest Lies Bush Told Us About Iraq, and Michael Moore’s documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 and his article “What Is Terrorism?” provide perspectives on the impact of wars such as the ongoing American involvement in Iraq and the repercussions that ensue because of them. These exposés also vividly emphasize the important issue of media coverage furthering the interests of government. By using examples of war and tone, media and methods of development, and metaphors and lies, these articles vividly emphasize the importance of the issues involved with governments, as well as the media and clearly educate the audience towards a better understanding of the problems and lies surrounding them. ‘War’ can be defined as a state of open armed conflict between one or more nations over a disputed disagreement. Hidden within this word comes thousands upon thousands of deaths, excessive amounts of wasted money, and immeasurable quantities of losses. The average person would find it incomprehensible to imagine why all this destruction...
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...Brooke Basham April 20 2014 Research Paper News coverage is always evolving. The media industry gets a jolt from certain events, which brings instant change on how the media portrays these events. The media is faced with extreme controversy because media outlets are bias. The media is a form of propaganda making their bias tendencies a serious problem. Fox news was the most popular news coverage during the 2003 invasion on Iraq. They influenced other media outlets to cover war in the same way. CNN and MSNBC do not cover war the same way as Fox. The media has a tendency to leave out important information while covering war. They usually only show the pro-war side and not the anti-war side. As we all know, the media is a huge part of our every day lives. Whether we notice it or not, television and the Internet is our main source to obtain information. It is commonly used and widespread because it is used in many countries. Today, most people have phones that can access the Internet making a source of media right at your fingertips. We want to believe everything the media says because they are delivering important information about our country, but unfortunately it is not always accurate. Some believe media coverage is mainly influenced by national contexts. Coverage is expected to vary from news station to news station (Gerhards and Schafer 2013). A news station has different journalist, which separates every station from each other. Each station may believe in different...
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...Veronica Fessel, 2.A Stenhus Gymnasium og HF 14/09/2015 9/11 Memorial - Stones and Bones In this essay, I will reflect on the design of The Memorial and The Museum and the article “Stones and Bones” from Adam Gopnik. In the article, there are a lot of different opinions about the 9/11 memorial and museum. Is the memorial just an ordinary public square at the end of a skyscraper, or is it a beautiful place to visit, when wanting to recall and show respect for the victims of 9/11? In august 2006, World Trade Center Memorial Foundation and Port Authority of New York and New Jersey commenced the project September 11 memorial and museum. In 2007 the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation was renamed National September 11 Memorial & Museum. The winner of the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was Israeli architect Michael Arad of Handel Architects, who collaborated with Paul Walker. The Memorial park is designed as a forest of trees with two square “reflecting pools” in the center where the Twin Towers stood. All the way around the pools, the victims’ names have been engraved on the edges. The Museum is located within the archaeological heart of the World Trade Center site and tells the story of the lives of the victims through multimedia displays, archives, narratives and a collection of monumental and authentic artifacts. Stories from both victims of the 2001 and 1993 attacks are commemorated at the museum. Adam Gopnik is a Canadian American writer born in Philadelphia...
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... Published on 11 June 2015. Downloaded on 15/12/2015 18:00:51. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Investigating public perceptions of carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) technology: a mixed methods study† C. R. Jones,*ac D. Kaklamanou,b W. M. Stuttard,a R. L. Radforda and J. Burleya Received 5th May 2015, Accepted 10th June 2015 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00063g Carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) technologies hold promise for helping to limit atmospheric releases of CO2 while generating saleable products. However, while there is growing investment in the research and development required to bring CDU to the market, to date there has been very little systematic research into public perceptions of the technology. The current research reports upon the findings of a series of six qualitative focus groups (and an associated questionnaire) held with members of the UK public in order to discuss the perceived benefits and risks of CDU technology. The findings reveal that public awareness of CDU is currently very low and that there is a desire to learn more about the technology. While our participants did, on average, appear to develop an overall positive attitude towards CDU, this attitude was tentative and was associated with a number of caveats. The implications for the findings in terms of the development of communication and broader strategies of public engagements are...
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...Internet and the public sphere Introduction The ideological arena that Jürgen Habermas has named ‘the public sphere’ provides the foundation for discussions of the public sphere in contemporary societies. However, the public sphere has been radically transformed by new mass media. Within one generation, the Internet has grown from a nascent technology into a tool that facilitates the phenomenon of the public sphere by transforming how people, businesses, and governments communicate and engage. It has also generated changes in society by connecting individuals and communities, providing access to information and education, and promoting greater transparency. In this essay, I will elaborate on the extent on which the Internet can be characterized as a ‘public sphere’ and the consequent effects on corporate communication. The concept of the ‘public sphere’ “The public sphere is an indispensable element of a democratic society and the institutional core of democratic decision-making. (...) based on the idea that citizens participate in collectively binding decisions, articulate their interests and opinions openly, listen and evaluate the opinions and arguments of others, and, on that basis, make up their minds. The public sphere establishes an arena of discussion on public affairs and guarantees that all these processes are open to the public.”1 The concept of the public sphere has developed over the past centuries due to social, cultural, economical and political changes into...
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