...The history of Korean popular music can be traced back to 1885 when an American missionary, Henry Appenzeller started teaching American and British folk songs at a school. These songs were called changga in Korean, and they were typically based on a popular Western melody sung with Korean lyrics. The well-known song "Oh My Darling, Clementine" was for example known as "Simcheongga".[note 1] During the Japanese rule (1910–1945) popularity of changga songs rose as Koreans tried to express their feelings against Japanese oppression through music. One of the most popular songs was "Huimangga" (희망가, The Song of Hope). The Japanese confiscated the existing changga collections and published lyrics books of their own.[41][third-party source needed] The first known Korean pop album was "Yi Pungjin Sewol" (This Tumultuous Time) by Park Chae-seon and Lee Ryu-saek from 1925 and contained popular songs translated from Japanese. The first pop song written by a Korean composer is thought to be "Nakhwayusu" (낙화유수, Fallen Blossoms on Running Water) sung by Lee Jeong-suk in 1929.[41] In the mid-1920s, Japanese composer Masao Koga mixed traditional Korean music with Gospel music that American Evangelists introduced in the 1870s. This type of music became known as Enka in Japan, and later in Korea as Trot (Korean: "트로트").[42][43] These songs became extremely popular.[41][third-party source needed] Later, in the 21st century K-pop singers rediscovered the genre of trot, for example singers like...
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...Original Pilipino Music II. Chinese Music A. North/South Han Chinese B. Musical Style C. Vocal Music D. Instruments III. Japanese Music - Ongaku A. Traditional Music – 2 Forms of Music B. 2 Types of Gagaku C. 3 Musical Styles of the Gagaku D. 3 Forms of Theater and Dance PHILIPPINE MUSIC Ethnic Traditions * Pre-colonial or Pre-Spanish * Common in the mountainous regions of the North and the archipelago of the South * May be instrumental or vocal * Belief of a God that provides to all their needs. Example: bountiful harvest, wedding, etc. * Instruments are made of bronze, bamboo or wood Instruments: 1. Saggeypo/Diwas 2. Tongatong 3. Bungkaka 4. Kubing 5. Gandingan 6. Dabakan 7. Kudyapi 8. Kulintang 9. Babandil Spanish Traditions * Religious influence connected to and outside the Catholic Liturgy * European type of music adapted by the Filipinos. (Opera, Troubadours, Orchestra, Rondalla, etc Examples: * Pabasa/Pasyon * Panunuluyan * Zarswela * Moro-moro * Senakulo American Traditions * American Teachers introduced the singing of Philippine songs in Western Style. * Three types of Music: Classical, Semi-classical and Popular Music Examples: * CLASSICAL MUSIC-art songs, kundiman * SEMI-CLASSICAL MUSIC-folk songs, marches, band, rondalla * POPULAR MUSIC- ballads/rock Original Pilipino Music (OPM) * Popularized due to influence...
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...relates to the three films namely M. Butterfly, Madame Butterfly, and Lost in Translation. Like the title, "M. Butterfly" basically was playing about transformation. This is the first of the Giacomo Puccini opera metamorphosis that was famous, in which "Madame Butterfly" became the modern geopolitical argument to understand the culture. In this film, through love relations that really did not make sense between a French diplomat and the Chinese opera singer he believed the man became the woman, how could the failure for the wish to be separated from reality result in the deception and the tragedy. Gallimard changed Sole from "only humankind" in the "Perfect Woman". Due to his insecurity about his own masculinity, Gallimard needs to create Song in the image of the perfect Asian woman, which is exotic, sensual, and acquiescent, in order to feel wholly male. Although he seeks to confine Sole within the context of his fantasy, Gallimard poster vulnerability and need actually free Sole by providing her with an outlet to flee the Orientalist representation of Asian people. Gallimard transforms Sole into a butterfly, boots instead of transforming him into one of the butterfly. Whereas Gallimard, is actually the one who eventually ends up trapped by his own fantasy. Through an analysis of Gallimard practice cultural, sexual, and personal relationship with Sole Liling, this person is a reflection of the Western rape mentality toward the East, a philosophy that is ultimately self-destructive...
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...Group Two “Remember Pearl Harbor” December 7, 1941, was a day that changed history. Pearl Harbor attack was an unexpected tragedy for America. No one expected the Japanese to attack Hawaii as President Roosevelt stated on December 8, 1941, address to the congress, “The distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.” ("The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: President Franklin Roosevelt Speech for a Declaration of War"). While Japanese grew angry and impatient due to President Roosevelt placing strict embargos on shipments to japan that led to setbacks in japan dominating Asia, such anger resulted in a tragedy that caught everyone by surprise ("Pearl Harbor [Ushistory.Org]"). The song "Remember Pearl Harbor" Performed by Carson Robison Written by Frank Luther, has lyrics like, “Hiding behind their "peace talk" and “They talked of peace, and of friendship”, these lyrics could be referring to previous negotiations between the Japanese and America. The lyrics could also imply that we were as Roosevelt states, “The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.” ("The History Place - Great...
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...Popular Music —Lots of definitions —Mainstream music: “the majority of music that appears in national charts and appeals to a broad cross-section of the public” (Fonarow 2006:63) —“Commercial music”: “Any music that is created or produced with commercial purposes (i.e. financial gain) in mind” (Pruett 2011:1) —These definitions exclude many forms of music that might be considered ‘popular’ to the people that listen to them or refuse to listen to them —Tied to mediated listening and technology —Music could be popular for the masses when recorded music allowed masses of people to access the same music —Tied to commercialism – embedded within the commercial music industry —Certain styles of music appeal widely —These styles are industrialized, part of the music industry, large scale —Popular music is constantly changing – reflection of cultural attitudes about popular culture, culture as a national/international project —In ethnomusicology fieldwork focuses include: —Fan-based communities —Technoculture —Local or indie music scenes (Ex: Berger 1999; Fox 2004; Samuels 2004; Fonarow 2006) —Actual artists in popular music often remain elusive —Inaccessible to an ethnomusicologist —Little motivation to participate —Something to consider before picking a topic of study —As a result, very few studies of popular music focus on popular artists today —Different genres (country, rock, heavy metal, pop, rap) have different modes of access between fans and artists —Can...
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...339 What Is the K in K-pop? South Korean Popular Music, the Culture Industry, and National Identity John Lie* In the early 2010’s, the expansion of South Korean popular culture around the world is led by popular music, usually known as Kpop. In this paper I seek to answer two questions. First, what are the sources of its success beyond the South Korean national border? Secondly, what does it say about contemporary South Korean society and culture? Key Words: K-pop, Korean Wave, Hallyu, South Korean Popular Culture, Popular Music I. Introduction T he phenomenal success of the Korean Wave has generated collective celebration in South Korea.1 In the early 2010s, the national self* John Lie is C.K. Cho Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Harvard University. His forthcoming books include The Global University and The Consolation of Social Theory. E-mail: johnlie@berkeley.edu. 1. The Korean Wave is the literal translation of the term which originated in China ( ; Hánliú). The first character refers to “Korea” and the second usually evokes “flow” or “current,” signifying “style.” The same Chinese characters KOREA OBSERVER, Vol. 43, No. 3, Autumn 2012, pp. 339-363. © 2012 by THE INSTITUTE OF KOREAN STUDIES. 340 John Lie congratulation is especially manifest for the popularity of South Korean popular music (K-pop), which has spread from neighboring Asian countries, such as Japan and...
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...Sachiyo Ito and Dance Japan’s discussion and performance was especially enlightening. Sachiyo Ito and Company was founded in 1981, and is a non-profit organization devoted to establish a link between East and West though expressive and aesthetic performances. Sadly, I have never experienced a Japanese dance performance before, or any dance performance as authentic as Sachiyo Ito and Company presented. Kabuki developed its unique characteristics in 1603, and was founded by a female, Izumo Okuni. It has been a pleasure enjoyed by the people of Japan for just about 400 years. Kabuki is a category of Japanese musical that incorporates dancing, music, and acting. As explained by Sachiyo Ito, the word Kabuki can be broken down in the Japanese language, “ka” meaning to “music” or “song”, “bu” meaning “dance”, and “ki” meaning “acting skill”. Therefore, Kabuki denotes the skill of song dance and acting. All three of these elements were combined to produce Kabuki theatrical performance. Although, it became applied in a more limited way—to represent a distinct type of Japanese performance. Originally an art performed by women, and passed down from generation to generation. Then, in 1629 the Tokugawa shogunate banned women from Kabuki performance, in an attempt to preserve social integrity. The shogunate military government perceived the female performances as being too sensual and risqué, causing chaos amongst the audience. After that, young men in their teens were to perform the...
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...Whether depicted in Japanese Horror, Japanese Noodle Western, or Asian American Musicals, the importance of complex characterization with regard to the main female protagonist figure is vital to a successful plot development. In various genres relating to Asian film, particularly the ones mentioned above, the female figure is portrayed as somewhat of a troubled or helpless woman who is in need of rescue and assistance from a male counterpart. The larger theme of finding a strong sense of self-identity while battling internal conflicts, as well as the fears and anxieties that arise within Japanese culture, are universal elements of characterization and mise-en-scene directly portrayed in various types of Chinese and Japanese films. Further,...
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...❖ CHINA ➢ Sui-Tang Era ▪ Sui Dynasty • Wendi □ lowers taxes ➢ won widespread support □ establishes granaries for stable food supply ➢ Large landowners and peasants alike were taxed a certain portion of their crops to keep in granaries. ➢ During times of flood or drought, there would still be ample food to prevent famine and to hold down the price of food in the markets • Wendi’s son – Yangdi □ reform legal code ➢ milder □ examination system for entry into bureaucracy ➢ broader policy to promote scholar-gentry in administration ➢ bring scholars back to government □ unsuccessful wars against the Koreans ➢ public revolts following military losses ▪ Tang Dynasty • Following Yangdi’s death, Li Yuan (the Duke of Tang) seized power, expanded China’s boundaries dramatically, and founded the Tang dynasty. □ New capital = Changan • Bureau of Censors □ Closely monitored all officials and reported their mishaps and failings • The Tang used the scholar-gentry to create an effective bureaucracy and check the nobility’s power. □ To offset the power of the aristocracy ➢ Aristocratic families’ control over court and administration declined • Civil Examinations □ Much higher...
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...the language of the song, you can still enjoy the rhythm, the melody, the tone, and all of the other components of music that make up a song. There are so many different types of music out there, each unique and adapted to custom, that can be explored and from this class I have learned of five new styles of music and songs that I had never heard before. The first piece I enjoyed listening to was Kumbaya which is a traditional African folk song. While I had heard this song before, I didn’t know the history of the song. The author stated that the recording was entirely vocal with a solo singer imitating the sound of an acoustic bass (Chiego p. 122). With that knowledge, I tried to focus more on the harmony of the words spoken by the singers and listen to the rhythm provided by the singer who was impersonating the bass. Another piece I enjoyed was Peul’s Dance from Senegal, a piece that represents West African folk dance music in its entirety. We are told by the author to listen to the rhythm and note whether or not it changes the pulse. When I hear this song I can feel the beat getting faster and faster which energizes the song and makes me feel that way as well. The drums create the beat and you can’t help but feel energized along with the changing rhythm. The “4th Movement” in Felix Mendelssohn’s Symphony #4 includes a Saltarello at the end, which is fast triple meter dance. This incorporates a jumping motion (Chiego p.108). When I listen to this song I listen to the melody...
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...acknowledge these women in their harsh times in the war. Misto used war photos for his research these photos are also embedded into his play. The images are projected behind the characters to offer a sense of reality to the drama in the exposition and also at critical moments. Posters for the Women’s Army from the 1940s, photographs of a wealthy Singapore in 1942, photographs of victorious Japanese soldiers and finally the “famous photograph” of twenty-four emaciated Australian Army nurses after their rescue from Belalau. All these images trace the story of Bridies and Sheila in the play. These superimposed images, songs, and dialogue work together to create a strong sense of the experiences of the women as part of a bigger political story. Military songs such as ‘Fall in Brother’ and nationalistic songs such as ‘Rule Britannia’ and ‘Jerusalem’ are used throughout the play to demonstrate the prosperity and triumph of a country. In scene 1 ‘Rule Britannia’ is played as the scene ends and projections of images appear on the screen to contrast the power of the English against the Japanese. These images and songs are later used to ironically suggest the failure of Britain as the great empire. By connecting official war photos with his play, Misto is connecting the two lives on the stage to a bigger political picture. The photos appear oppressively behind the women as a constant reminder of the interference of governments in the lives of innocent women in World War II. In Jeremy Sims film...
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...“Kenji” by Fort Minor In the song “Kenji”, Mike Shinoda, of Fort Minor, describes the difficulties his family and others experienced, being Japanese, in the United States during World War II, a sad and often marginalized time in American history. The main character in the song, Kenji, awakens one day to the news of Pearl Harbor. His family is whisked away and thrown into internment camps with other Japanese-Americans for years during the war. Between 110,000 and 120,000 Japanese-Americans on the pacific coast were relocated to these War Relocation Camps (Manzanar). When they are released after the atomic bombings, they return home, to a site that has been ravished by police, mobs, and vandals. This was often the case for Japanese-Americans returning home from the camps. Wanting a better life for himself, Kenji immigrates to America when he is 15, and works until he is able to purchase and build a store, raising a family in the process. “They called him Immigrant…” even though he is successful in his pursuit of the American Dream, he is still sometimes a victim of racism. “The evil Japanese in our home country will be locked away,” following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese-Americans are ordered into internment camps where they live under the harshest conditions. Inside the camps, prisoners were provided with very little food, shelter, or sanitation utilities, not to mention overcrowding. The Heart Mountain War Relocation Center in Wyoming “was a barbed-wire-surrounded...
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...with music industry to make a profit. Music industry has been shrinking since 1999 when Napster, pioneering music file share service, was founded [1 McCormick]. In 1990’s when the music sales were at the peak, the total global music revenue was around $30 billion, but the one in 2012 was only $16.5 billion [2 Pfanner]. I did summer internship at Sony Music Entertainment in Tokyo for a month. I’ve participated in some meetings to consider marketing plans for musicians. One main reason of the sales declination is an illegal downloading. Although laws prohibit illegal downloading, there are still massive illegal downloading websites on the Internet. However, global music sales in 2012 increased for the first time since 1999, and the number of songs downloaded illegally was declined to 210 million in comparison to 1.2 billion in 2008. [3 Sherwin] It seems that music companies finally found some efficient ideas to overcome illegal downloaders. Do music companies actually increase their profits? And how did music companies start adjusting the situation? The purpose of the research paper is to figure out the main reasons why music sales finally increased, any differences to market music products and if the situation of music companies and musicians has improved or not. Findings * Development of Music Stream Services Rather than regarding Internet as a “main virus” of sales declination, music companies use digital media to expand their business. Launch and growth of music streaming...
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...2003 [pic] An Institute of Nanyang Technological University [pic] Singapore was once been under the Japanese occupation that lasted for nearly three years. On February 15, 1942, Singapore surrender to the Japanese after realizing that the situation was very bad especially there was a shortage of food and ammunition at the frontline battlefield. Furthermore the Japanese had cut off the water supply from State of Johore. After a meeting held at the Battle Box at Fort Canning, British commanders concluded that there was no other choice but to surrender. At 5 p.m. that day, led by Lieutenant-General Percival and other officials like Brigadier Newbigging, Brigadier Torrance, and Major Wild, made their way to the Ford Factory for the meeting. It was a first time ever meeting of top-ranking officers from both armies. However both had their own agendas like one wanted for an unconditional surrender while the other one wanted to negotiate. It was considered as one of the darkest period in the lives of every Singaporean people then. It was the beginning day that the fate of Singapore took a turn for the very worse, with serious insinuation for the three and half years of the occupation. Singaporean not only had to adapt to a change in the Governor, from British ruler to a Japanese. But also had to suit themselves to a new name for Singapore, ‘Syonan-to’, meaning, the ‘Light of the South’. It generally draws attention to the...
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...who did nothing but to compare the two different fandom (KPop and JPop). At first, they say some bad things to JPop as a whole. Then later, insulting words are being thrown not only to the Japanese music but to the Japanese artists/idols too! As a fan of JPop, I did not like it one bit. And I decided to defend my fandom. It’s about time to JPop fans like me to voice our feelings, opinions about this matter. We have been so quiet for a long time. It is the time to STRIKE BACK! (By the way, my examples are the JE boys. I know that JPop isn’t all about JE but its just that for now, I’m focusing on them..=D) FACE THE FACT I know that Korean Pop Music or KPop is new and continuously increasing their popularity. Here in my country, the Philippines, KPop is popular. (I will not deny that fact!). Many Korean artists already have come here in the country to have concerts. They also appeared/featured in different local TV programs and KPop albums are available in some record bars. In KPop conventions, many KPop fans are attending to support and show their love to their idols. They are really supportive. The biggest factor that contributed to the KPop popularity here in the country is the Korean dramas aired in the local TV stations. (I know some KPop songs and they are the OSTs of the Kdramas I’ve watched.) On the other hand, JPop is widely known for decades now and still continuously being loved by their fans for many years...
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